MIET Mcenit

bepatmet B Tech ye
UNIT-L oP> +opa)
De Ciruit AnalyAs
neglin :-ieutiule w ciruit om Net
ouun Cirui aluays clz s Neta May
be Claze or Pen

Bauallu wMaun am o
tpansfer eleehn enc
m ome plai to anotheP2 1m dlovna s o we need
tortmn e l i amma The eleetriul Cowipomerts an
his i'n nneetim eleeial Comptnets 1s noan
a
ay ele piuuf ci'ruit.
M

R
s/w
open

) Elehial Neppk
) Elecmil Nehot}
Eeehmal druuF

AilAil lw ciruts a Ne u al Nez s yeed not

be chuts
Guem 2 -D n e chang aun wi AoM kMe i s
tulamCvcl prests
Soulen Eleetical poofesly
an atomic
and s
Pastides owhiew he meta Cemsi ss o
wnit i Cou omes.
The
The
MUst Euic4 tundamenct qanily

IM an Eleetn C ut d chara4
e z 1 . 6 X]D .TurD t r s
chana
l c = 6. X]otl8 )tre chhe
- r dnasa
Colulrls a B i wit charg
 Porores -chanae
stalas qnanfily Maelne um)
D ti a

nauhisalim ohasg | tye Can not Le fnuh'en.

charae is independet om spead

( or jsdatesyale, chayns ae ons eryed.
>U) Mb Enegy tprnste
Mo MaLSoaun fe
nesl3 n e Eleetric Cyred
um- Ral Flow hasq
E)eetaca Ceumen
Seulondulor EoM e and holee
e)
ConAnilorz emuy re).
Apere
S

eem -Deine Eee pie Vo

lt ?
Soupn To mot an elepon ome ption to
M a Parhcyla dureeim ,
we meed a n
Qnethespozihbn
YDltag
umon a
external force,
EdW = =Vo ltge
C
A

-vol AVe
Nne
Solui- tH HP-LP -S

(T)-sPoteutin
LP
VpVat
ethn
neswws-Derine Eleetn powu

S u k n - T } i The ime Rale o chana Enen

CExaneng R abring) an s unit wats
dwN wts

dwx d
d

P-+V| P-v
o w Recier/alotoeM Pow eured,
op dessipae

V
v

ow Power Po w e fowc Powc we

Aelirers dso deliven deuveng tsosel
P+V P--V P--Vp P-+V
P-+V P-V
Sowrl Sowue
Soure

I t a t e s thnat Eneray
Law Conces-vodhim oEMeb
e Crente l o r Le destyoca JCan
Ca neimer
Can
fPom ove Fom another.
Ovly Le tranfomc
S m P Powe2 Ma cluuit a any
The Alaekie
1asut me Must Le eqnal -to ze

Rhey 2Jelyo
8nesla -Dene Eneg
S o u l r - } s The Capai ly Thi aluly d o wat
E=
w a d s e c =Toles
*****
8neclus D cirui F Elemens.
m
olulnn An Element Can Le Cgm plety- chavnteas

by is V-Relatimship
d) Reilo i'y I d e l o r U) p r i loy v ) voltge Sowe
Curet owree.

Reislo TIhe Curevt pae houah an

Flemen liancalypop nalto Apued volta
aLr& hen The elemen s Caue as Reslg
R. V s t i g t une pacia hrovgh mgin
nar.

Resiatance can be desenLesna popertg s

The ceuit Elemeds wncn Th o o s A o n t o
The Plow C re a n M doin Comrets
Eleehna Enez t h e t mq ad is wnit i
ohms l a)
R R =lengm
A=Cross seelum e MAn
Resisiul
Tempralunt dependen
)tre tenp Cotieic Reistane 4 t e m 1neeages
Pdeetire Resaetanu &7Uayey. Geneally M metelk
Po C1+<4T)
)ve t p Coehivic eRe la Lep uee&es
EMeetie ReRamu ectases, GeMeaatli n SemLoncueli
R P o 1-d AT) =temp Cochuet
 -
tem tenp
Coe hie
Cokheiet

Tem emp
negn -The Resanu w1ne IS
C
6 at Jooc . The Rejstamue wre oc
will e
We n o h a t
FiPo 1+ <4T)
=
R. 14t< s°)
6=Ro (1t loo)
briniy eqnlunv O 4
+T
1+1
Solvi

Nad

=Po (1+1 x
Ro4
6

Snudn TheRestane a oc 2
So
Sou: SPolt aAT) + o0
2
(so-)
2 1 o 7s)
K2035 Ass
 TndneloY TteMinn vodae aums an Elume
i Poopotimnl Ho The Hivative Cayret t ime,
then he elament called a induelor. stoe
N An Inulor deaAned
L EnDrgin Mgneke tom (E-L ur)

-Li LCHe
L
L= -Hen
Poe i s Zero
* Lndueoa behares a
sle in Case AC
()Cabaulor -The eminal volte aune an ehme
p o t t i m t The inteapsa Cyaren time,
then The Elemev u Calle a Capauto
Cpaulolb dene tp tone Ihe Eeray re Frm
eeri Fie (E =lw
. Tn Ca Ten
eFdH) Capai o Powe
V s 1s Zexo
=cv
c=
Capai lor behares ay olc
Cas 4C

DVoltaqe Sou
THea Voltaqe Sownui- Tthas zeno intenn
Reiaane and t delives Enezy ata eeitied
voltmge whach is independent n e Cumrev
v
deu vo y h Sbwhe.
N
N
ckt iagarm. VT- chaT
 O) Practa voHege Sounl h a s ome R i l i
intesnal Reistnie and Energ1 a
it delvers Enenn
seified voltre vohich pends on The Cure

deuvel &y- Ihe &twree.

N
W-

pyeintVL VI char.
-TRs -V=-o
V-VIR
(E) urent Soue
Cuent has
) THerd uret Sown - e sowe

nfinik nterna Reisnue and i t delures Ennqy

speeifie Cuwen which is independeud d v o i t a
he Sowte
volH
e oe

ckt Diogaw L-ehar

fnteana
i) Frnehual Currevd Soune T has Hvule Resstanu
delivens Enenay a spaini Curec whch
a
deped upp he volt a u r s the Soune
T

V
eglun-:NilE shopt Notes m
ay Aclic Paseivn Elemets
BHireehimal 4 nlAircehonal Eemett
lumpe aistrist e Eements
DLinca Non -limcr Elemevts.
Soulin: () Achve & Pavire Elemes
ftlirc Elemevnts I a n Elemeut Cabale
delu veing h e Enegy independenty Frz
an nfrnik
dwati time i i t Capalle povidi ng
he Powes qainthen i 1 cale as A-hin Elemedts
Exenpsle Vo Hage sownt Cure Sowu oP-tmP,
lunne} +Tacun4jsto elu.

0) Passir ElementE-Jan Ejemet i not Caballe

deliringMa The EMe independevaty foran infiie
durahm ° ime oR i i t Nt Capalle ef p2evicluna
he powe i n , then sCalel a a paceive
Plemes OR
OR Covet Eleetiual Enenay 1Mto heaf EMNt
r re Restor, Tnduulo +Caaui tps
Ta menpoWE Same on
koth Sie

Bi-Aireetimr 4 Uni-Aireehinmn Elemends

)Bi-directime oR Bi-Jatesa when an elemei
md v-J har. aye nolependevt Curet
Parpeties
low disetim then Fe eemev i alle
Bi-reetima) Eemer. tResi slo.
i ) Ui-diceetiomn oR Uni- when an Elemen
Poperes and V-I char. depends upon h e Cure
Tlo w dreehm hen The Elemevts Calledas
n - dureehim Elemen, Fos e Drozl
-
 umpes Dstnkced Eemetts
d) umped Elements - umpe Eemens ae
lanuide
as The Sepee Ejemeits, ondh are yeu Amall iu
Reislo,ndnelor p CaSaeilo
2e
fo e

)Disi buteol Ekmedts:- Distm te Elemeos ane

NoT Elecfically sepe>de These ae i s t a l t e

ove The Etire lengl eThe Crui
o n e msiom une

D Lineas Hon unea Elemens

) inear Elemeuts-Unearity T p*pet

Elemet descikia a Juneas Reatimdip bw The
Exdttim and Reponse .(ohmc|ao).
This property Conssst o law Homoge
tddiivi et
lauo HowbgnM:--Thu ppe Requies
hat i he nput is Multphe a Consjawt then
the output y lso qet Mulhipue h e CaMe.
Law Aadtin/Supes pozlw This poserly
Reues t h a he Res ponse t a Sum o ÎnpLct ts
he u m e Respmses to lhe cach fn puutabeie
sepaet EXAmpl. Kessloa

) Nom-liviea Elements:-} does not F low lhe

auo hom wg and Aitivilg (does o t Fllo
oh luo). Examp Dirle

Nvm Non linear

lnea inca in ear
 8neelm lo Eybla Follnoingem
aBaanch Nol Mesh loop.
>t n aBbanch Baneh a AAvgl Elemed
Comppneet i w ce. serenal Elemect i Th
C Carny ame Cyre hen hey Can also le
Ren o Banch.

Noale- when u 0 Mone han too Femes

ahe Conneeted toqetea hon he mmon polwt is Cale
Noale.
whehe turdElemescts lmneetel -fsqethe
hon he
then
lommsmPoiw iy Calle ag smple Nrde.
nen Moc than 2 Elemeds e Csmyedi
toaethe, then he Commm polt i . Fumon as
pinepl No=. oP nchim. Curert Avisim tlees
place qunhim)
eMesh Meehis a Jsop w hich does not
Centaun a n mnes ue
A Lsep- tmy clase pth Feteneel ns loap.
unehion

Simpl
Nole

Ome
i n g
Sin
Bne
Tnetiw
Bneh = 7
wehin 2

Mesh 2
Ip
 y e s l - I : : - Exklan VL kCL?

Souun kcL I s t e s hat Alaelaic Cum

the Cyrens Enteing a Nr or Me eting aa

toi ZeD
cutgoing Cumrec is mezioder as Hezathhe
Jyemia Curet Is Cmidere a prlne
s Baue m lauw Gonsen vtim o dhage
+ -Ty- o

t T+TytT
Ly Sum Sum
eutai
Curmrent ureds
VL I stes hat Alaeoic Sum al the
Voltaae M a clsse vP ~em.
Baie on The lao o Comseyetlm
Me
C-+) Rise M poenha = +e
C+ Dep t ehin=re
wm-
V TF
V Y=IF+ IF

D e g - f t ueut T? oluw on t q n Evu

S -IX +|-1 XD-2=o

4- =
 Mesh d Bage upon VL
Avalya i) AtFlieae on trpAanar Netwexte
TVPE

TyPe THpe 2
SlmpleMegh LnAividnal tuw Mesh lombineu
Proln Megh ontrinin Contauns Curev
Cumren Sowru2.
Sownu

PE 1 Meeh Pollem
neg Ustvva Mesh Avalygte, obtin lhe powe l ree l

M-

loV lo
Sotan

V
(
on AEun FVL M Mesh D

= -O

Ata solving D4
Wcet P=
P lo w t
nes I3 Usina Megh Avaluyis, otuin urtnt T,

o Io

(s
oluln o
M

Atry VL i mesh (D
20
l - l (T )S
oT+Io
loLT , - S = o

-2oTt1oI -1 O
kVL M Mesh

T) o=
S-lo (

o
elvigD + , we g e

No, I =0 Amp
 ye2 Meeh o l l e m

neg Y vo e acs n y wing

Mesh Anaas
7
wM- M
V

oluun W-

Ap Mes CD
T Ap
on AtE FVL Mee h
A -) -

D-1o=o

aXS -ST =lo

o -lo

V
Hono
voHre Ac7 M-

V5Xo=o
V-V=oVolt
 Sneels-Hi wlt 2 meg
Anaupa

lo
)6
S 2
Soul

6
Ayinn VL M M O
o
AP

m
Ay VL )M Men

)6t
o emiav O,C +
7Xlo6T+6
-y 6

Nd, 2
VonM 2
t

V =33X |0 66 vot
P e - Mesh proiten Suber Mea)
8neln 16:-Fihe ueitI dy Meeh traluytas

a
)
2V

4V

Atty 2

on A mng keL

2 (1)2

tgoi e D +, veaet
Ar
 H

H
M

(1
 N oa O i AttMine tor kolh Plana
Analyai's and NoM-lanal Hetware

Te ypc 2
Smpl Noda n y voltage &omu
POSem pret
uo puuhms,
Super H e .
y-LNalal pool
8nesi 13-fin Iha Cared Peajal7k
alyas

lo ()

Sohlnv.
le

on
7cL t NA

-)-1 o + +7
2
o

2 2-0 +V, 6
V 1Y
/ vilts
Nw
2
Ars
H

oQ ww
W

1
 1

1
H

V
H

7
3

O
H

W
1- w

L
+