Waves and Osdillations Periodic motion - Motion in which the objet ve poots iS path affer oletinite interval ef time. in whids obj ed (0s0i\\arw) Oscillatory motion - Periodic metion about a mean roves fo ond “PO position. Peadod of Osillakion(T ): Time taken bY Yne objet +0 one cydele of osullaion. C pesform se) Ferequeny a orllation -(f = 7) -Number of Osallations occ ui nD, por unit time. (Hg). Simple Hasmonic Motion : Ut an objut moves tO and tro bout a mewn position such that ah eyperien ces a forve on IM, whidh ‘3 proprrtional «0 the displaremend frown ro-eaUn position, but divented opposite to the displacement. Let motion occunes in 1D along. X-axis and the mean position % at He origin.Initial Sitio : Po ebur _pBioal positon a SB nm G displarerment from mean position Fore, Ff OX >. = ebxz— Fr bt = direded along -ve 2 dreton direchon a +Vve at Ak 0% 2 directed adong *NE In general : Fx H —kx| — 19 ot Reve, -ve sign indicoles that the focce” Fis divestedopposite to the displacement ‘%. Now, if F is the frre and “y' ig the potential behind F then poco = ie <@) av= -Fdn —® eo) gives change in poknia) ‘AV! when there is drsplavement ant dV=Kudx —e4Q@) The otal poiantal enenay or prlontial echen the powtile is displaved from mean postion to peahpn’ a is: ve (av = (¥ “J = fro x = K (ada| ee ea(2) givy the potential ene y cv) associated with suo. thw aly called as the Forential Well. The polrtal well i represented below: yen) Vor) = 2 hot Pokential Well toy SHO. is a parabola Diktorvential Equation foe Harmonic Osci)loubor WE enna (N- 1 ta) = mat — wdfdat\_ oa at a{@)onde eae. eee Cee ee ace ry, ©))Solukon for BO - 91 = A, os wot) + A,sinot) —ea@) heey Ay Sy pay cle congas. We we Bowndany condarans (B.C) t° find the voles of A é aeBc 1: Lek ak tine £20, 2=%, (inital position ‘I oO OQ x= hydito) +A, gao) X= 4, D9 -[A=% Bce-d le at tov, v=, Cinitta) velouty) an = a (A (o4(wot) + Asin) yp = — Ar Sin(woi) nats + Ay coslitel) swe Sab. tco @ VEX age thy saps) Wc hw 2 1 = Me Wo Sub. Ae Ay an eG): L = Ao COL (Wt) + Vo si 9 ose (Wet) —a« onl) args pony ‘2 (dreplawement.) evolves with kind t:Beemer are reee “MN FF > Sine £ Cosine terms telly wd that its a penodic rovkon. > Tne period 't’ is the time interval diving. which Sine or comne increases by ATT for motion to repeat Lself. Wet = %T= 21r T= 29 wd, ° Te an fe —8) Frequeney, J = = $4 JE) Let, X= a cos f + Me-asing -a1@ Using eH in AD) Ae oeOe = ACO ee we a (cos ¢ oowt + sing Ginwt) [Eeeeny]—-0 Above digune epeends dasplavernent from de and 4 mean position oF eithen Si phase dafference.or ieee QE Energy 0 S.H.0. > Enenay a S-H.O. Keeps on fransforming bewween kKinthe eneyy (T) ond polential energy cv) a4 it oscillake but the tou mechanycal enertgy-CE) remans conseant. >For SHO KE. uw mcodated With the moken of the oscillator, whenease Polertial energy Assouard with the reshoring fovze, > While performing $4.0. an osullator consanty. pertorms a transfer of enenge behween netic energy and prrential energy onl Vile versa, > Whik Geri)lating the 04a)later develops roaKimun potential energy when the Osullator is at Maximum Asplacenent fom rovan pration. a oeNo = Ts pokntial energy drives the osullapor bak to ‘us mean ppesition vohile increasing its kin eke energy which 4 menimun at the wean postion. displarerent of SH, x = 4 104 (wet — 6) velodty | wen ode = ~ 19 Sin Cragt ~ ) kKinthic nergy, T=4 my = Amu osire(at~) —a) Potential energy, Ved kot = g kat cost (unt — g) cee eee feesBE QO EES CW gt — PY ~-- HZ) Tota) eee ti zaps Vv | Es p mmpollsint (uot ~f) + costcmot -9)] E = dmg — x4) Tou = B= dmwia® 2 Vg Ze (At mean position) She be nag. -o Gr ain Veny 2 eAwmtat £Tein20 C Lee Simple Pendulum er ie bahia eKxounpicien,Se re | daeetcerteemeinainen ite suo. Tt wnesys of a bob of maw ‘wi Ronny cea) tc) ecg ena) ar 20 wnertensible & mouse string of Hh The ofnen end of Steing iy freed ainal the bob osullates about a mean postion. Let the mars diplwed by an angle 6 at diced end of Ye Shing. of by Aston ce 2! Frome recur, poshon (20). Then Duplavernent, x= Lsind 42Lemp a velouiky Ve Luggp.6 ga7tsin9.6 Components Rewllant velocity, a ee 4Ne is = [diet +88 58 = l2&@ Velouty, | V = 26 —eag® Aueleration ast ; a-a2 = dad) -«® ast 06 6 ge mq ¢| NY, ng cose Net -forve on ma m is, c= -meamnp ? —ve sigh) indicales a 4. 6 Forse is opposite in a ax. +0 lisp Apalying N-O law of rootien. Foma EaWlig | 27c) df azdéFron 6) « 8) pie -phgsing G=-ssinp9 —4@ i AD cs a differential ef” of the same form as the sv (a=-K) Thoretne the mple pendulum alo perforins simple honroonic ootion. Selukion a SHM. i, w= 4 04 (wt - g) Here, 8 2% ane auelenation and @ and x ane dasplacement. Comparing difrontial &f™ 4 Sivople honroec mohen with Simple pend wlan,row ® we maw ster He following: 3A sivople pendulun perfooms SH” = Time prod o orallation drcedly perportional te the Length @} the Song 94, pandului, el vel perod dy independent of the tows of the bob Consider a maK*m’ ablached Mhe fre end of the spring Otnen end of the spring is Fixed. The ma % reling on Feictionlens sWrface ronson Festore oii K, ‘ rome : nOOnve Shetehed/ comprosed the Sng cre a velhoeng fone wohach v ofpesie to dieitOn of iwhal disouement ound propvitional to the Magnitnde of csplaremen. Fg akn —24@ as spring conshant Apaying N-2™ Law of mation wd’ = — tow —4@ at» ED is a Afferential of” 2} the a as dijenenbal of reproentig SN snuh a syskm iS bound 1? perfor SH of osi\lation: ee an [P ~-@ Time peurod Compound Pendulum. (Anguon sHM)Any rigid body that is capable of swinging, ina plane about an ans C perpendicular to ploune) Posing, through avd poi pendulum. nt on the body. ig known as A compound lineon mokion Fema a: av at vede atConhe of max — where all ne MAb OD TS WMG appen tv be voreentroded . mm, Mg . ZO : - GOMe ez, - Moment 4 inertia 1 = 2 wei Radius of, Gysation (XK) e Axa of pletion kK: fz Cia Ja Penpendicvfon distance from on a voredtion ond cone of wre Compoumna Pendulum.Restoring torque, PB pga dsplavenser V=-T 8 oar 2 propostiona lity Restoring torqve penwnint 6 YY % = 8 eee =F capt Ep 6 mgtsing it Sind & B Pee my (neato ae { tet8 18= -h,0 =16 suetis Differenhal ef ssmilon to DBP ap a SH-M. * Dowmpouna pendul uw pes, )oams OHM By com poning with fine porod of SH. (TR) Porroa Ue OraNotion of Compound pendulum, sop JE we on FE ® Posatle) ows Areorem. movort _ so ey *orhen 3 MOI ‘0 4 Ps ¢ Tg La: mol abl ons appli ey w h wos Te Xf we know value & 1, ond want to find I thon wang panatlel ars then, ieee Eiecaacesece ees eemer aeeedeuiaeee aha alt = me + 1st ee ee : 2) Jz ' i ee es cme, (eeete gt k arouse gyRoyion, Te et Je {Bits equivalent Ng 4 lergth & Simple Point OF Svspersipn. Ts an fds! 72 | aan Pow of, O8u)lation