11/8/2020

Ali M. Sahlodin
Department of Chemical Engineering
AmirKabir University of Technology
Fall 1398 S.H

Ali M. Sahlodin (‫)ﻋﻠﯽ ﷴ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﯾﻦ‬

 BSc in Chem. Eng., University of Tehran (1384).
 MSc in Simulation and Control, Sharif University of Technology (1386).
 PhD in Process Optimization, McMaster University (1391).
 Postdoc in Dynamic Optimization, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(1392-1394).
 Sr Engineer, Aspen Technology (1394-1397).

Office location: 4th floor

Email: [email protected]

Copyright © Ali M. Sahlodin, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, AmirKabir Univ. of Tech. 2

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Your name

Your background

Your current concentration

What do you expect from this course?

My way of communication with you:

•Class announcements
•Email (your official AUT email, so please check regularly!)

Copyright © Ali M. Sahlodin, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, AmirKabir Univ. of Tech. 3

Lectures
 Powerpoint slides/chalkboard/whiteboard
 Slides available on LMS.

Use of Software as appropriate
 Octave, COCO, DWSIM, etc

Class discussions

Copyright © Ali M. Sahlodin, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, AmirKabir Univ. of Tech. 4

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Assignments (50%)
 Done individually

Project (30%)
 Groups of two or three
 Members’ contributions must be clearly specified.
 Report and oral presentation

Final (20%)

Working with software like Octave, MATLAB, or similar

may be required.

Copyright © Ali M. Sahlodin, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, AmirKabir Univ. of Tech. 5

Attendance required.

Attention requested.

Questions may be asked at any time.

 Remember: no question is naïve!

Assignments
 Late assignments may be penalized.

 Too late submission will NOT be accepted.

 Assignments must be submitted in a single PDF via LMS (no hardcopy)

 Email only if LMS closed (include student # in subject line)

Copyright © Ali M. Sahlodin, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, AmirKabir Univ. of Tech. 6

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Be present (physically)

Be present (mentally)

Understand the concepts

Get involved (ask questions, etc)

Do the assignments

Yes if you
 Are interested in process simulation
 Are interested in working with equations
 Are interested in ‘learning by doing’

No if you
 Hate process dynamics!
 Hate math!
 Hate computer-aided simulation!
 Do not know any coding.
 Are too busy to attend the class regularly!

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Citation:
 Acknowledge the source (even if your own work).
 Never copy a sentence unless you use quotation and give
proper citation.
 Cite credible sources (No Wikipedia please!)

Collaboration:
 Group thinking is encouraged, but codes and write-ups must be
done independently.
 Do not procrastinate; be ahead of time!

Projects/assignments
 Always report results truthfully.
 If you don’t get results, do not push. Step back and check your
assumptions, etc.

Copyright © Ali M. Sahlodin, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, AmirKabir Univ. of Tech. 9

Report: Single PDF file

 Handwritten OK (take a quality picture and paste into Word)
 Make sure text is legible (use enough light, no shadows)

Upload to LMS
 Email only when LMS is closed (subject line: student #)

Code must be submitted as a separate file (zip, no RAR)

All plots, formulas must appear in the report, as
requested.
 Zero mark if I have to run your code to generate the plots
 Zero mark if I have to see your code to find an equation, etc.

Please adhere to academic integrity practices (no
copying!)

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Welcome to the course!

Copyright © Ali M. Sahlodin, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, AmirKabir Univ. of Tech. 11

Merriam-Webster: a system of postulates, data,

and inferences presented as a mathematical description
of an entity or state of affairs.

Input Output
Process

"All models are wrong but some are useful“ George Box

Simulation
•Simply solving the model; no need for a particular software package.

Copyright © Ali M. Sahlodin, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, AmirKabir Univ. of Tech. 12

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First-principles models
 Let the physics derive the model (mass/energy balance).

Data-driven models
 Let the data derive the model.

Combination models

Copyright © Ali M. Sahlodin, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, AmirKabir Univ. of Tech. 13

No adequate knowledge of
system’s physical behavior

Perturb the system to identify Input Output
Process
it.

Typical steps
 Collect data set
 Train the model using training Model
set Calc. output
 Test the model using validation
set
Artificial Machine
intelligence learning

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Process design

Operating conditions

Design alternatives

By mbeychok, Wikipedia CC BY SA 3.0

Copyright © Ali M. Sahlodin, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, AmirKabir Univ. of Tech. 15

Process operation

How to reach design
specifications?

How to maintain design
specifications?

What-if scenarios

By mbeychok, Wikipedia CC BY SA 3.0

Copyright © Ali M. Sahlodin, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, AmirKabir Univ. of Tech. 16

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Process modifications

Replaceequipment

Change products

By mbeychok, Wikipedia CC BY SA 3.0

Copyright © Ali M. Sahlodin, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, AmirKabir Univ. of Tech. 17

Process optimization
 Maximize
production/profit
 Minimize cost

By mbeychok, Wikipedia CC BY SA 3.0

Copyright © Ali M. Sahlodin, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, AmirKabir Univ. of Tech. 18

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Micro-scale modeling (control volume)

Use of simulation software

Mostly steady state

IN OUT

COCO (HDA process)

Copyright © Ali M. Sahlodin, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, AmirKabir Univ. of Tech. 19

How complex transient (dynamic) processes are

modeled.

How resulting dynamic models are solved.

How process simulators work

How to use and troubleshoot process simulators
effectively

How to go beyond merely using a simulator.

Copyright © Ali M. Sahlodin, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, AmirKabir Univ. of Tech. 20

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Dynamic systems
 are more fun!
 are less discussed.
time
 are less understood by engineers.
 Have more applications than you
might have thought.
 Complex dynamic systems are (a lot
of times) not handled properly by
commercial simulators

Learning DYNAMICS gives you an edge!

Copyright © Ali M. Sahlodin, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, AmirKabir Univ. of Tech. 21

?

?

?

…

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Inherently dynamic

Pharmaceuticals

Specialty products

T(t) FA

t
V(t)

t
CC(t)
A+BC
t
Copyright © Ali M. Sahlodin, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, AmirKabir Univ. of Tech. 23

Product grade transition

Feedstock changes
Separation

Startup and shutdown Feed Product

Reactor

Process
variable

t
startup shutdown

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Examples:
 Minimize startup time
 Minimize startup waste
 Maximize yield in a batch process
FA

We need a model for optimization

What temperature profile maximizes production?

heat

A+BC

Copyright © Ali M. Sahlodin, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, AmirKabir Univ. of Tech. 25

Processcontrol is all about dynamics!

Advanced control algorithms require process models
 Model predictive control

Seader’s Chapter 20 Supplement

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Which one should I learn in a graduate course?

COCO (HDA process)

Copyright © Ali M. Sahlodin, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, AmirKabir Univ. of Tech. 27

Steady-state and dynamic modeling

 Refresher on differential equations (ODEs, PDEs)

Differential-algebraic equations (DAEs)
 Theory of DAEs, solution methods

Processes with hybrid dynamic models
 Modeling and simulation methods

Plant-wide simulation
 Steady-state/dynamic
 Sequential-modular/Equation-oriented (simultaneous)

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Analysis, Synthesis, and Numerical Solution of Systematic Methods

Design of Chemical Processes Initial-Value of Chemical Process
Problems in Design
Turton, R., Bailie, R.C., Whiting, Differential-Algebraic
W.B., Shaeiwitz, J.A., Debangsu Equations Lorenz T.
Bhattacharyya , 4th Edition,
Biegler, Ignacio E.
Prentice-Hall International Series K. E. Brenan, S. L. Grossmann, Arthur W.
in the Physical and Chemical Campbell, and L. R. Westerberg
Engineering Sciences, 2012. Petzold, 1995 Prentice Hall PTR, 1997

Research papers/online material

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