4m) Vengo of machkae = glement ¥ Deatgintng iF proces of prepantng 4 | plan tow tntroducing a prcduet oy) sowie, 4 DENQA factors: @ load ® Ergonomics © Material ©) Petia bilay @ Process ® brorabilty © Cost © Quatity © Satety Ductile materats one destgned for martmum Shean Stress: [Guut's theory] [max rans > Duetlle makertal (Senstle strength) = 105 times Shear Strength. oe @ Brittle materfal one designed tor moximum cove StveMY F Rantein ig theory | mou: nora Stet Create Compression ) =2Derigniny wok. tontentngs = —thene axe two type, of Pasterings OvTemporary Folrts (CSerewed gotta rut « bolts cqupans,-ottham cuit) “® Powermanent -yeints Casing sg tet, & eaten ao ee jib = “ec to helleal “gvooue on: e -cyttnds eal° FE erg RENE iN RES SA se I La A REN = Homenclulatame of foree thre rd 3. “f depth oP Meead cag | Un Ps % Pech Fern, 1 i axqor J nominal | Crust’ dAtameter wH— +t minor | voot | core d£ameter arene 9 me Count - t1eghett paiht en thyead a Root - lowert pokt on thyead aw etch - Distance bfw two Sucumive cwottry x Flone - Stanb Line yatnfng “cost ord reat &k Nominal deametey - Deametey Corvemponding 5 &) wt ©) maqoy Crurt. 4 Minox @x) voot dio Déametey . Corrorponding e)uore dia 200t. se nge ob Hoe The angle of thread A “thé angle Socluced bebween Succorive Planks ot Depth ob towed} - perpendiculay ditance bjw Cruat and ‘root. x Lead “= "the distance travelled by the Serew % one “revolution... dead =P Cor, Single Stand; thread) lead = -nP [ror mutt Stout ted} % Gee damctot (de) = oBuvd (Uv -tteread) ©f ge itd: P \¢ Sauone, “trveads) OF | at t ~ =) oe Pech fpestqnalin ) trrvead3) | web C ey, threat - et [Sit ages ok aoa © v- thread, — 607 MA ; | © square thread - 0°83 [sere Tous | ® ACME +imead - 29° SWS | | @ Brttith Seandand withworth (BSW) = 55° | t Buttress thread - yse (Rosh boge:. | © Stier U5™ NNN [Rasen Cage | © Knuckle thread - 180° NU He Square +theeacd used for Pawel “trontmsscon | oe Busbress. threads 4 one dtrectional, shveads Gy) ; Unt- dtyection threads td fe > used to tranmit. power tr one dévectisn.- ACME +> Used fn bench vice, Mackine Veen, | RV threads > used $e Tent. oo le of plates. ob truce, ‘thread ~y Used “Pov ‘wedure ditetion ard — wovtes’ as and Prection tereads. gaat £ *, ve* ‘ Cred Ped snd Chawe treads at bath ty 7. i Shank Cunt ai) Bout Chak reads’ ob one end) i) | F Uedioum Stxengin Joy potty *- ae @O-the Sionk dtamety should eyual , to (Oe dio By) minow dia © Drta a hole tn Shank powttan upto trendy oo “| coy hole dit (dy, )2 [yr-der eye -_bolths- eT, lt and tramber heavy wwetg hte trom one place to onathey place. 7 Sevens WE made up of “Aluminium” © Oy ek eee pe ae oe Stress in Moeutd Jat Orsroan de to trittal Bightentag ’ I 17 Bolts, Subrecbed to Teuton load 7 Nutp Subpected to - conprehten load load oes “Tightening (p) = 2840 d : 7 “Tewstle load (p, )© Serowed die tp Excteunal leading GD @ Tension Stror (6, = Temtle tood (Pr) q id oes = Sneay lead (Ps) ot ag D Fox Some ladain ob ~--“4 ) iq tensile and shea | Te Peta “wt toil at tensile load | © Crashing. strew(q) = Crushing lead be) Tidl where, = length of threads engaged © shes stroth (1) weth nut. © Uaeser duc tp tailicl kghtening god sebewnl tadings ; we wanen ae Entrodued ‘to provide beasing -Q4eo On See ee a ee Le) gee ets athe applécation Ameliig the high StreiRen tn ene devecken ten tread wed > Rgrt tend “Heaaod*- ecthrreag Stauth ab lett we Stans © towods right we To Sevew Vent pond threads - Rotate %& CN - #KTe unscrew R-H-T. - Rotate h ACW.ate Stauteg doom Peght & Avetined — gewasds lel | AIO Stvew - Rotate o AC hI STO Ontevew - fotate in CW BEES Hand thread « | i xp “Threads on bolt & UM hand thread thy! “Weegds Jen out. ob, - te Lee ssi . st 1 page ot weld t- : | we wilding uo pemanant spetaing procera by te! application of heat , wth @) wfthout: Application | i; of heat. 7 7TH fuston only heat applicable to melt ty | edges of baye metal Ege Ave, gah, thew eke, a |. Orn Droswie the applécation oP heat CYed bat) I then apply prose i i Bx Rertente, forged te, pod | om Iypo of wd “relat. den i i" © Butt syolat<- ' i Pde Ta ‘oth: wld, she plaba “be ‘nell pl ot side “by Std ~then pron for edge preporela _ wethe bottom of weld ult i frown ah_voot eethe tength of weld ts Known aa_beed . 1 “+ ll etnimonet: te eva metal oboe the "plate Suntace. se fattiemerts wl youe) Sages ou ~zotnt -| Beh seMe Tatty ae fubsected 40. _tenathe Failte. , s , i Strength Max Tensile load Patt. saat Con C Batt ~qetnt> utthatand afthout failuste, Teratie toad = 6% xe] [foc ] * = lets of e a @ Lop Tett :- dees oe Lb She: Jelnt made by one plate over anothey, plate. SE Feet welds ane Subgected to gheay Fallwic. emma aie oe : Shea Fallon *Toe & ° extreme edge of weld on -the weld * we Jose iy fine ydtntng two toes Hexoak’ wb the pexpendé aulay di&tance blw - weld face and voob y) minkmunt distance, bfw root and weld face. % Shean Sbvergth of Het weld (Bs)= YU xt x L whee, t= throat thide re : [Ee oso Sts ET ge ed bie A Douwle FUE weld ‘2 tine) St-rongeh than ; genie pruek welde u‘ a potumanents yeint + fe Robey stay mtd. Sed (Dead mld Me RInftiatiy = “They ue cytindrecal tA Stag. Or Btveh head - Upseting (Prowse) ' Creagth decreases, Mo Tncveng) ‘ps a lap Seat ) * Dtse awe spethted by “nominal corte 4 | SS owin's doyle i [a= Ble] denominal dia 4 ae Qlep Teat te +isbnes of plate . ' | @O ip simple Reveted lap jobnt - Srgle vow ot tue, ~t2" wows ob vivety \ , CW SN 1 (fe ted - rows ie Double Rvebed putt gatats- 2- Straps Yy- yous):"eae ae QE * Doubte Strep putt csatet 2 putt, gett 13! Emey Ahan Sgt dk le fee DEatlune of Bevebed “yalslls °° O“Weauin od plates ot the holess- aia ts became of -tenttle land. Teac Strength (Ped = eq x (Po oe fe “id se © Ihe Serer of Bat heox ye roman)» exo ad? (siple 4 Sleciars oy pre = V2 TEGt (dab ter S Z “) | Ogmlig a RAE Th tae place at eee vvet: hate ard vbve- * pe crunk strength (B:) =" & SA Us (uz wt) pa Coes) ene + The serength of _ntutts sobt oe the “Teoéna, sheave Orwurting, . shyen[ “ eA Geney ast Jotnt (2D re te daly bfo! the Steength of the optutted ~Jefnt to the strength of the Solid plate. 7 . _Strengin_of wrtveted Joint hoes Stivength of Solid Plate “7 The heles made tow mfveked -pelnt, will reduce ~the thrength of the plate by 26°l5 i # Coluking* a wo proce of bevelling the edges ot the plate (gor) to make Taints leak prook. -yThe -thfcknet of — Galucking tedl [5 mm | — “ealueking tool thfcenew eX than. "plate hivkeaes In +i, POPP “ptaber may damage and fenisiing “s peor: A Eullexthg- 7 tk Ba prow of bevelling +the edges of plates (8d) ty mabe thom teak proof. ~7'Fullering tool +thfernos’ i» equal to "plate thtebnen’ “In tis prow we act - Smooth Finuh ~ no damage to plates .pain" as keys ard gquplings* ee Wo machine elemerd eS “Stet. 4 yooue 4 whtth prevent ; edotive, motion bw shade and bubs The stot ey which Key ® Msented Ge gun hee Ke wal = Thete awe quo types of ka © Sunk key Preyuay Provided ot shot ard tub) See aed on hb] 04 [iepooy provide ae wget st Bae Phe @Retargutan key 6 Spt eNO eine iore Heys “ane provided ufth , u top to remove Carthy _ 17 Theres ot keylt) = chem ey By: ; utd \Thkened = 357 (B squsne Key ¢- |S Wath = “hte = Y © 6th tended teyt- re eee 4 2 > WT =D LRP 4 > Triebaoy= Se : 4 | | |“@ Feather eas. CDouble headed Key) Ce) -v te reduce, Shoeke toad by relative mation » © Meat a dey Gy wrlb &oo Segment oh x aylindy ecal disc - “eT Bij Bobh Selt_odgatee key “pe Typs a sedte, tose, © Elst Saddle, Kou 2 - ft FTF) bettem — edge of the Moy & Hak then whe, key Hab Soddle- © dillon “foddle toys -7 FB +he bottem sage ob Hey encaby ae ftp the Shope. ey the Shot. Fl ~ Bower -traniwftted by hallow Sante key 1 © Tangert fey (Pala of ty > For, mani _Pawor Erantmlssten Seles Shae fm CInbillt keys on 3 a <% shalt) > Heal he eves a9 i ‘ ob Shabb “th high- ~The hab ean move of Shalt eontly . Br clutch Shab ; geax. bex Shab jeacline te It granwnth mannan Powe: Beye oth, ’ ee, SO fe gepe 4 © -Qopreaton Cay set) % he | ~ “The Comproaton a bey when th | wn othe vey wo 1 ® Stenting ‘ i “> The Glemim of the Key bh ap ma shea stren(y)= 27 [7 ee ! i * on wiath | : wld ee aah © caatioy Axeta Suk ~> Cranking Stor on Key by Key ovary : Crating Streak = UT ltd > the wateral ob key tut have the crt s ee témes than -thart of © f Shea Str. i ZX Shem Strom = wax GB Crunting tbvig, “rhe Sywone Key have _ equal Strength i Evalg ov she tie. 5 ey most: of _kiyy Peommie- fails beac of (er ea ee el | ascot Sts sea wn sesetlan\ : eS) er touptyp ame ued to dranath “the poset deem 96 Shalt to eanathey Shall: - DAMS ae Used foe tong Shafts OBA Souptinn <-Pcraty ane on Same ac) “To wonnerck co-axial Shas. (hats of the Shaky on Some Ene) @® wolf coupting BD 2plt: - math coupling © Flange coupling . © Eexibe Couptin g6- —7 Herébte Couplings ane usted ty tonnect pasaliel Shakts , Shall wth angulo rid -Mignmert - © vntvergal coupling [took selnt ® oldhom oe Mad? ously Sees dae zdla ot Alt: dm= ee He whe 7 Sleeve % a “hallow which conneds the drive and dytven ok wtth +ne hep P keys: : om bauer tronmtsston portly on toidion