SET – 1(A)

केंद्रीय विद्यालय संगठन, अहमदाबाद संभाग

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN, AHMEDABAD REGION
प्री – बोर्ड परीक्षा: 2024 – 25
PRE – BOARD EXAMINATION: 2024 – 25
MARKING SCHEME
SUBJECT : MATHEMATICS (041) TIME: 3 HOURS
CLASS : XII MAX. MARKS: 80

SECTION – A

1. (d) 1 2. (b) 1 3. (c) 1 4. (c) 1 5. (b) 1

6. (a) 1 7. (d) 1 8. (a) 1 9. (c) 1 10. (a) 1
11. (c) 1 12. (d) 1 13. (a) 1 14. (a) 1 15. (d) 1
16. (b) 1 17. (c) 1 18. (b) 1 19. (a) 1 20. (c) 1

SECTION – B
21. 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥 4 − 2 𝑥 2 ⟹ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 4 𝑥 3 − 4 𝑥 = 4 𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 1) 1
2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 (𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 + 1) = 0 1
Strictly increasing in interval (−1 , 0) ∪ (1 , ∞) 1
2
22. √3 17 𝜋 5𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (− ) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 {𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )} + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (−1) = + − 1
2 6 6 6 4 2
3𝜋 1
=
4 2
OR −1 ≤ 𝑥 2 − 9 ≤ 1 ⟹ 8 ≤ 𝑥 2 ≤ 10 1
⟹ [−√10 , −2 √2] ∪ [2 √2 , √10] 1
23. 𝑦 = √𝑥 + 1 ⟹
𝑑𝑦
=
1
−
1 1
𝑥 √ 𝑑𝑥 2 √𝑥 2 𝑥 √𝑥

⟹ 2 √𝑥
𝑑𝑦
=1−
1
⟹ 2𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= √𝑥 −
1 1
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 √𝑥
24. 1 −2 3 −2 2 0 2
𝐿𝐻𝑆 = 𝐴2 − 𝐴 + 2 𝐼 = [ ]−[ ]+[ ]=𝑂
4 −4 4 −2 0 2
OR 𝐴 = 1 (𝐴 + 𝐴′ ) + 1 (𝐴 − 𝐴′ ) 1
2 2 2
5 7 1
5 1 5 − 0 1
2
2
[ ]=[ 5 ] + [ 7 2]
−6 8 − 8 − 0
2 2
25. (𝑎 ⃗ ) . (𝑎
⃗ + 𝑏 ⃗) = 0
⃗ − 𝑏
1
2
⟹ {6 𝑖̂ + (λ + 3) 𝑗̂ − 8 𝑘̂} . {4 𝑖̂ + (λ − 3) 𝑗̂ + 2 𝑘̂} = 0 1
2
⟹ 24 + λ2 − 9 − 16 = 0 ⟹ λ = ±1 1

Page 1 of 6
 SECTION – C
26. 𝐼 = 𝑥 + 3
𝑑𝑥 = − ∫
1 (− 1 − 4 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 +
11 1
𝑑𝑥
1
∫ √5 − 𝑥 − 2 𝑥2 4 √5 − 𝑥 − 2 𝑥2 4
∫ √5 − 𝑥 − 2 𝑥2
1
2
1
= − √5 − 𝑥 − 2 𝑥 2 +
11
∫
1
𝑑𝑥 1
2 4 √2 2
1 2
√(√41) − (𝑥 + )
4 4

1 11 4𝑥 + 1 1
= − √5 − 𝑥 − 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )+𝐶
2 4 √2 √41 2
OR 1 − 𝑥2 𝑥2 − 1 1 𝑥 − 2 1
∫ 𝑥 (1 − 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (1 + (2𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
2𝑥) 𝑥 (2𝑥 − 1) 2 𝑥 − 1) 2
1 1 𝑥 − 2 1 1 1
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ ( (2𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 + 2 𝐼1
2 2 𝑥 − 1) 2
𝑥 − 2 𝐴 𝐵 1
= + ⟹ 𝐴 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = −3
𝑥 (2𝑥 − 1) 𝑥 2𝑥 − 1 2
1 1 3 1 𝑥 3 1
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (2𝑥 − 1) + 𝐶
2 𝑥 2 2𝑥 − 1 2 2 2
1 1 7 1 1
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑑𝑡
4 𝑡 4 𝑡+4 2
1 7 1
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑥) + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑥 2 + 4) + 𝐶
2 4 2
27. ∑ 𝑃(𝑋𝑖 ) = 1 ⟹ 10 𝑘2 + 9 𝑘 − 1 = 0 1

⟹ 𝑘=
1
𝑜𝑟 𝑘 = −1 (𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒) 1
10
𝑃 (0 < 𝑋 < 5) = 8 𝑘 =
4 1
5
28. 𝜋 ⁄2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝜋 ⁄2
𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 ( ) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ( )
𝑥
1
2 2
𝐼 == ∫0 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 ( ) + 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )
2 2 2

𝜋 ⁄2
𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑥
( ) 1 𝜋 ⁄2 𝑥 1
2 2
= ∫0 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ {1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( )} 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (2) 2 0 2

1 𝑥 𝜋 ⁄2 𝜋 1 1
= {𝑥 + 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )} = − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2
2 2 0 4 2
29. Graph of inequations and feasible 2
region +
Points 𝑍 = 20 𝑥 + 10 𝑦 1
𝐴 (20 , 0) 400
𝐵 (40 , 0) 800
𝐶 (4 , 18) 260
𝐷 (6 , 12) 240

𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑍 = 240
𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 12 .

30. (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)𝑦 = (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦) 𝑥 ⟹ 𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦) 1

⟹
𝑑𝑦
𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) − 𝑦 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦) + 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑦
𝑑𝑦 1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Page 2 of 6
 ⟹
𝑑𝑦
=
𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦) + 𝑦 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 1
𝑑𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) − 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑦
OR √1 + 𝑥 2 − 1
𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) Put 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃
𝑥

𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (
1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝜃
) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 ) = 2 = 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥
𝜃 1 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
𝑑𝑢 1 1
⟹ =
𝑑𝑥 2 1 + 𝑥2

𝑣 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 −1 2𝑥
(1 ) = 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 (Put 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 ) ⟹
𝑑𝑣
=
2 1
+ 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥2
𝑑𝑢
=
𝑑𝑢⁄𝑑𝑥
=
1 1
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣⁄𝑑𝑥 4
31. 𝑑𝑦 (𝑦⁄𝑥 )2 − 1 𝑦 1
(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 2 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0 ⟹ = = 𝑓( )
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑦 ⁄𝑥 𝑥
It is a homogeneous differential equation.
Put 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⟹ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 1
𝑑𝑣 𝑣2 − 1 2𝑣 𝑑𝑥
∴ 𝑣+𝑥 = ⟹ 𝑑𝑣 = −
𝑑𝑥 2𝑣 𝑣2 + 1 𝑥
On integration, we get 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑣 2
+ 1) = −𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝐶 1
⟹ 𝑥 (𝑣 2 + 1) = 𝐶 ⟹ 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝐶 𝑥
OR 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 − 𝑦 3 ) 𝑑𝑦 = 0 ⟹ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 It is a LDE of the form 1
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 1
𝑑𝑦
+𝑃 𝑥= 𝑄 where 𝑃= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄 = 𝑦 2
𝑦
Integrating factor 𝐼 = 𝑒 ∫𝑑𝑦⁄𝑦 =𝑦 1
∴ Solution 𝑥 (𝐼𝐹) = ∫ 𝑄 (𝐼𝐹) 𝑑𝑦
𝑦4 1
⟹ 𝑥𝑦 = ∫ 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 ⟹ 𝑥𝑦 = +𝐶
4
SECTION – D
32. 1 2 0 2 −4 2 5 0 0 2
𝐴𝐵 = [−1 3 1] [ 2 2 −1] = [0 6 0]
0 4 2 −4 −4 5 0 0 6
2 −4 2 1
−1 1 1
𝐴𝐵 = 6 𝐼 ⟹ 𝐴 = 𝐵 = [ 2 2 −1] 2
6 6
−4 −4 5
𝑇 −1 𝑇 1
Linear equations can be written as 𝐴 𝑋 = 𝐵 ⟹ 𝑋 = (𝐴 ) 𝐵 2
2 2 −4 3 12 2 2
1 1
𝑋 = [−4 2 −4] [17] = [−6] = [−1]
6 6
2 −1 5 7 24 4
∴ 𝑥 = 2 , 𝑦 = −1 , 𝑧 = 4

Page 3 of 6
33. Rough diagram 2
Area of shaded region 1
3 2
= ∫− 3{1 + |𝑥 + 2|} 𝑑𝑥
0 3 1
= − ∫− 3{𝑥 + 1} 𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 {𝑥 + 3} 𝑑𝑥
0 3
𝑥2 𝑥2 1
= −( + 𝑥) +( + 𝑥)
2 −3 2 0
3 15 1
= + = 9 𝑠𝑞 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
2 2 2

34. The equation of the line is 2

𝑥 𝑦 − 1 𝑧 − 2
= = = 𝑟 (𝑠𝑎𝑦)
1 2 3
Any point Q on the line be
𝑄 (𝑟 , 2 𝑟 + 1 , 3 𝑟 + 2)
DRs of the line PQ be
𝑟 − 1, 2 𝑟 − 5 , 3 𝑟 − 1

Line PQ is perpendicular to the given line 1

∴ (𝑟 − 1) + 2 (2 𝑟 − 5) + 3 (3 𝑟 − 1) = 0 ⟹ 𝑟 = 1
So, coordinates of Q is (1 , 3 , 5) . 1
2
Let image of P be 𝑅 (𝑢 , 𝑣 , 𝑤) . Q is mid – point of PR. 1
2
𝑢 + 1 𝑣 + 6 𝑤 + 3 1
∴ =1, =3, =5
2 2 2 2
⟹ 𝑢 =1, 𝑣 =0 , 𝑤 = 7 1
∴ Image of P is (1 , 0 , 7) .
OR The equation of 𝐿 be 𝑥 − 3 = 𝑦 − 5 = 𝑧 − 7 = 𝑝 (𝑠𝑎𝑦) 1
1 1 −2 1 2
Any point P on the line be 𝑃 (𝑝 + 3 , −2 𝑝 + 5 , 𝑝 + 7)
𝑥 + 1 𝑦 + 1 𝑧 + 1 1
The equation of 𝐿2 be = = = 𝑞 (𝑠𝑎𝑦)
7 −6 1 2
Any point P on the line be 𝑄 (7 𝑞 − 1 , −6 𝑞 − 1 , 𝑞 − 1)
DRs of the line PQ be 1
𝑝 − 7𝑞 + 4 , − 2 𝑝 + 6 𝑞 + 6 , 𝑝 − 𝑞 + 8 2

Let PQ represents shortest distance line. Then 1

𝑃𝑄 ⊥ 𝐿1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃𝑄 ⊥ 𝐿2 2

∴ (𝑝 − 7𝑞 + 4) − 2 (− 2 𝑝 + 6 𝑞 + 6) + (𝑝 − 𝑞 + 8) = 0 1
2
⟹ 3 𝑝 − 10 𝑞 = 0 … … … … (1)
∴ 7 (𝑝 − 7𝑞 + 4) − 6 (− 2 𝑝 + 6 𝑞 + 6) + (𝑝 − 𝑞 + 8) = 0 1
2
⟹ 10 𝑝 − 43 𝑞 = 0 … … … … (2)
Solving (1) and (2), we get 𝑝 = 0 = 𝑞 1
2
Coordinates of 𝑃 (3 , 5, 7) and 𝑄 (−1 , −1 , −1)
1
𝑃𝑄 = 2 √29 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
2

Page 4 of 6
 Equation of PQ is
𝑥 − 3
=
𝑦 − 5
=
𝑧 − 7
or
𝑥 + 1
=
𝑦 + 1
=
𝑧 + 1 1
2 3 4 2 3 4
35. One – one: Let 𝑛 , 𝑚 ∈ 𝑁 ∪ {0} . 1
Case (i): If both n, m are even, then 𝑓(𝑛) = 𝑓(𝑚) ⟹ 𝑛 + 1 = 𝑚 + 1
⟹𝑛=𝑚
Case (ii): If both n, m are odd, then 𝑓 (𝑛) = 𝑓(𝑚) ⟹ 𝑛 − 1 = 𝑚 − 1 1
⟹𝑛=𝑚
Case (iii): If n is even and m is odd, then 𝑛 ≠ 𝑚 and 1
𝑓 (𝑛) = 𝑛 + 1 = 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑛𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓 (𝑚) = 𝑚 + 1 = 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑜 ⟹ 𝑓 (𝑛) ≠ 𝑓 (𝑚)
and vice – versa.
So, 𝑓 is one – one.
Onto: Let 𝑛 be an arbitrary element of 𝑁 ∪ {0} (𝒄𝒐 − 𝒅𝒐𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒏).
If 𝑛 be an odd natural number, then there exists an even number 1
𝑛 − 1 ∈ 𝑁 ∪ {0} (𝒅𝒐𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒏) such that 𝑓(𝑛 − 1) = 𝑛 − 1 + 1 = 𝑛
If 𝑛 be an even natural number, then there exists an odd number
𝑛 + 1 ∈ 𝑁 ∪ {0} (𝒅𝒐𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒏) such that 𝑓(𝑛 − 1) = 𝑛 + 1 − 1 = 𝑛
Also, 𝑓(1) = 0 . So, 𝑓 is onto. 1
Hence, 𝑓 is a bijection.
OR Reflexive: For all 𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 , we have 1
|𝑎 − 𝑎 | = 0 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 4
⟹ (𝑎 , 𝑎) ∈ 𝑹
∴ 𝑹 is reflexive.
Symmetric: For any 𝑎 , 𝑏 ∈ 𝐴 such that (𝑎 , 𝑏) ∈ 𝑹 1
⟹ |𝑎 − 𝑏 | 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 4 ⟹ |−(𝑏 − 𝑎) | 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 4
⟹ |𝑏 − 𝑎 | 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 4
⟹ (𝑏 , 𝑎) ∈ 𝑹
∴ 𝑹 is symmetric.
Transitive: For any 𝑎 , 𝑏 , 𝑐 ∈ 𝐴 such that (𝑎 , 𝑏) ∈ 𝑹, (𝑏 , 𝑐) ∈ 𝑹 2
⟹ |𝑎 − 𝑏 | 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 |𝑏 − 𝑐 | 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 4
⟹ 𝑎 − 𝑏 = ±4 𝑝 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 − 𝑐 = ±4 𝑞
⟹ 𝑎 − 𝑏 + 𝑏 − 𝑐 = 4 (± 𝑝 ± 𝑞)
⟹ 𝑎 − 𝑐 = 4 (± 𝑝 ± 𝑞) ⟹ 𝑎 − 𝑐 = 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 4
⟹ (𝑎 , 𝑐) ∈ 𝑹
∴ 𝑹 is transitive.
The set of all elements related to 3 is 1
[3] = {3 , 7 , 11 , 15 , 19 , 23}
SECTION – E
36. (i) Prob of selecting type 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , 𝐴3 flower seeds are 2
4 5 3
𝑃(𝐴1 ) = , 𝑃(𝐴2 ) = , 𝑃(𝐴3 ) =
10 10 10
𝐸 = flower seed germinates
The probability that 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , 𝐴3 flower seeds germinate are

Page 5 of 6
 𝐸 45 𝐸 60 𝐸 35
𝑃( ) = , 𝑃( ) = , 𝑃( ) =
𝐴 100
1 𝐴 100 𝐴 100 2 3

Probability that a randomly chosen seed will germinate

𝐸 𝐸 𝐸
𝑃(𝐸) = 𝑃(𝐴1 )𝑃 ( ) + 𝑃(𝐴2 ) 𝑃 ( ) + 𝑃(𝐴3 )𝑃 ( )
𝐴 𝐴 1 𝐴 2 3
4 45 5 60 3 35 117
= × + × + × =
10 100 10 100 10 100 200

𝐴2 𝑃(𝐴2 ) 𝑃(
𝐸
) 300⁄1000 20
2
𝐴2
(ii) By Baye’s theorem 𝑃 ( ) = = =
𝐸 𝑃(𝐸) 585⁄1000 39

37. (i) Length, breadth and height of the container is 1

𝑙 = (25 − 2 𝑥) 𝑐𝑚 , 𝑏 = (40 − 2 𝑥) 𝑐𝑚 , ℎ = 𝑥 𝑐𝑚
Volume of the container is
𝑉(𝑥) = 1000 𝑥 − 130 𝑥 2 + 4 𝑥 3
𝒅𝑽
(ii) 𝒅𝒙 = 1000 − 260 𝑥 + 12 𝑥2 1

(iii) (a) =𝟎
𝒅𝑽 1
𝒅𝒙
⟹ 4 (250 − 65 𝑥 + 3 𝑥 2 ) = 0 ⟹ (𝑥 − 5)(3 𝑥 − 50) = 0
50 𝒅𝟐 𝑽 1
⟹𝑥=5 or 𝑥= (𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒) = −260 + 24 𝑥
3 𝒅𝒙𝟐
𝒅𝟐 𝑽
) = −260 + 120 = −140 < 0
𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝑥 = 5
∴ 𝑉 is maximum at 𝑥 = 5 𝑐𝑚 .
OR 𝒅𝟐 𝑽 2
(iii) (b) ) 65 = −260 + 260 = 0
𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝑥 =
6
65
∴ 𝑉 has a point of inflection at 𝑥 = 6
.
38. (i) ̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 4 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 2 𝑘
𝑀𝐴 1
2 1 2
DCs of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀𝐴 are , − , −
√21 √21 √21

(ii) Yes. DRs of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ̂

𝐴𝐺 = 4 𝑖̂ + 2 𝑗̂ + 6 𝑘 are 4 , 2 , 6 and DRs of 1
𝐺𝑃 = 6 𝑖̂ + 3 𝑗̂ + 9 𝑘̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ are 6 , 3 , 9 . DRs are proportional.
4 2 6
= =
6 3 9
𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂ 1
(iii) (a) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑉𝐾 = |3 0 4| = −8 𝑖̂ − 6 𝑗̂ + 6 𝑘̂
𝑉𝐿 × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
0 2 2
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
|𝑉𝐿 𝑉𝐾| = 2 √34 1
1
Area of ∆ 𝑉𝐿𝐾 = 2 |⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑉𝐿 × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑉𝐾| = √34 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
OR (iii) (b) 𝑉𝑃 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 11 𝑖̂ + 2 𝑗̂ + 6 𝑘̂ on 𝐾𝐿
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 3 𝑖̂ − 2 𝑗̂ + 2 𝑘̂ 1
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑉𝑃 . ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐾𝐿
Projection of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑉𝑃 on ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐾𝐿 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
|𝐾𝐿|

=
33 − 4 + 12
=
41 1
√17 √17

************************************
Page 6 of 6