3 Differentiation

Content:

- differentiate 𝑒 𝑥 , ln 𝑥 , sin 𝑥 , cos 𝑥 , tan 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 tan−1 𝑥

- differentiate products and quotients
- differentiate functions defined implicitly only (Note: parametrically not
included)

Formulae:

1 𝐼𝑓 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥

1
2 𝐼𝑓 𝑓(𝑥 ) = ln 𝑥 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
𝑥
3 𝐼𝑓 𝑓(𝑥 ) = sin 𝑥 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = cos 𝑥
4 𝐼𝑓 𝑓(𝑥 ) = cos 𝑥 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = −sin 𝑥

The product rule:

5 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
𝐼𝑓 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑢𝑣 , 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 𝑢 +𝑣 𝑜𝑟 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 𝑢𝑣 ′ + 𝑣𝑢′
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

The quotient rule:

6 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑢 ′ 𝑣 −𝑢 𝑣𝑢′ − 𝑢𝑣′
𝐼𝑓 𝑓(𝑥 ) = , 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑜𝑟 ′(
𝑓 𝑥) =
𝑣 𝑣 𝑣2

7 𝐼𝑓 𝑓(𝑥 ) = tan 𝑥 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = sec 2 𝑥

1
8 𝐼𝑓 𝑓(𝑥 ) = tan−1 𝑥 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
1 + 𝑥2

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Exercise 3.1
1 Find the gradient of the curve 𝑦 = 5 − 7𝑒 −2𝑥 + 𝑒 𝜋 at the point where 𝑥 = 2
2 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑒 2𝑥 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥)
𝑑2𝑦
3 If 𝑦 = 2𝑒 −2𝑥 , 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 2 = 4𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
4 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 2𝑥 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑
𝑑𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 + 2𝑒 −𝑥
5 a) find the coordinate of the turning point of the curve 𝑓(𝑥).
b) find the equation of the tangent to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) at 𝑥 = 1.
𝑑𝑦
6 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑦 = ln(5 − 𝑥) + 2 ln 𝑥 3
𝑑𝑥
Find the equation of the tangent to the curve 𝑦 = ln(3𝑥 + 𝑒) at the point
7
where 𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑦
8 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑦 = log10 2𝑥 3
𝑑𝑥
9 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 cos 7𝑥 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
10 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 sin 8𝑥 2 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
11 𝐼𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 sin2 𝑥 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑛 sin 𝑚𝑥 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑛 𝑎𝑚𝑑 𝑚
12 𝐼𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 cos 2 𝑥 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑛 sin 𝑚𝑥 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑛 𝑎𝑚𝑑 𝑚
𝑦 = 3 sin 𝑥 + sin 3𝑥
𝜋
13 𝑎) 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 =
6
𝜋
𝑏)𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 =
2
𝑦 = 𝑒 −0.1𝑥 sin 2𝑥
𝑑𝑦
14 𝑎) 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑
𝑑𝑥
𝑏) 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑑𝑦
15 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 sin2 (2𝑥 + 1)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
16 𝑦 = 𝑒 cos 𝑥 , 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡
2𝑥
= 4 − 5𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥2 + 1
17 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦 =
𝑑𝑥 1 − 𝑥2
𝑑𝑦 𝑥
18 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦 =
𝑑𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2
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 𝑓(𝑥) = tan−1 (2𝑥 + 1)
𝑎) 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓′(𝑥)
19 𝑏) 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑐) 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚
𝑑𝑦
20 𝑦 = 5 tan−1 (5𝑥) , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0.5
𝑑𝑥
21 Find the stationary point on the curve 𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 = −12
The equation of a curve is 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 16
22 a) Show that (2,2) is on the curve
b) Find the equation of the normal to the curve at (1, 3)

Exercise 3.2
1 𝑑𝑦
Given 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 − ln 𝑥 3 then at 𝑥 = 1 is:
3 𝑑𝑥
1
1 2
𝑎) 𝑒 𝑏) 𝑒 – 1 𝑐) 𝑒 − 𝑑) 𝑒 −
3 3
𝑑 1 𝑥 𝑥
( 𝑒 − 5 ln ) =
𝑑𝑥 2 5
2
𝑒𝑥 5 𝑒𝑥 1 5 1
𝑎) − 𝑏) − 𝑐) 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑑) 𝑒 𝑥 −
2 𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

1
If 𝑓 (𝑥) = then 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) is ∶
(3𝑥 − 5)2
3
𝑎) − 6(3𝑥 − 5)−3 𝑏) 18(3𝑥 − 5)−4 𝑐) 54(3𝑥 − 5)−4 𝑑) 54(3𝑥 − 5)

𝑑
(3 − 3𝑥)−3 at 𝑥 = 0 𝑖𝑠 ∶
𝑑𝑥
4
1 1 1 1
𝑎) − 𝑏) − 𝑐) 𝑑)
9 27 27 9
𝑑𝑦
Given 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 − ln 𝑥 , then at 𝑥 = ln 𝑒 is:
5 𝑑𝑥
1 2
𝑎) 𝑒 𝑏) 𝑒 – 1 𝑐) 𝑒 − 𝑑) 𝑒 −
3 3
√𝑥 𝑑𝑦
If 𝑦 = ln ( ) , then =
𝑥 𝑑𝑥
6
1 1 𝑥 𝑥
𝑎) − 𝑏) 𝑐) 𝑑)
2𝑥 2𝑥 √𝑥 2√ 𝑥
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 Differentiate these expressions with respect to x:
1 2 𝑥2
7 𝑖) ln 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 2 𝑖𝑖) − 3 ln
𝑥 3

𝑥−4
8 Find the gradient of the curve with equation at the point where 𝑥 = −2
𝑥2
Given 𝑓 (𝑥) = ln 𝑥 − √𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 , then 𝑓 ′ (1) is:
1 1 1 1 1 1
9 𝑎) − 𝑏) – 𝑐) 𝑑) +
𝑒 𝑒 2 𝑒 𝑒 2

𝑑
(2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥)−4 at 𝑥 = −1 is ∶
10 𝑑𝑥

𝑎) − 4 𝑏) − 6 𝑐) − 12 𝑑) − 24

𝑒𝑥 𝑑𝑦
If 𝑦 = then =
3𝑥 + 2 𝑑𝑥

(3𝑥 − 1)𝑒 𝑥 (3𝑥 − 1)𝑒 𝑥

11 𝑎) 𝑏)
(3𝑥 + 2)2 (3𝑥 + 2)

(3𝑥 − 1) 𝑒𝑥
𝑐) 𝑑)
(3𝑥 + 2)2 3

𝑑𝑦
12 Given that 𝑦 = 9𝑥 3 − 8 ln 𝑥 , 𝑥 > 0. Find the value of x and the value of y when =0
𝑑𝑥
The curve with equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 ln 𝑥 is defined for positive values of x.
13 𝑖)Determine the coordinates of the stationary points.
𝑖𝑖)Find the equation of the tangent at the point (𝑒, 𝑒 2 ).
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
14 Given that 𝑦 = 2𝑒 −4𝑥 − 𝑒 3𝑥 , Prove that + 2 − 8𝑦 = −7𝑒 3𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 3 − 1)
15 Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 ln , find the value of 𝑓 ′ (2).
3
Find the equation of the tangent and the normal of the curve with equation
16 𝑥
𝑓 (𝑥) = 3 + ln 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 2.
2
𝑑𝑦
If 𝑦 = 𝑒 √𝑥 , then is:
𝑑𝑥
17
√𝑥 √𝑥 1 1
𝑎)𝑒 √𝑥 𝑏) 𝑒 𝑐) 𝑒 √𝑥 𝑑) − 𝑒 √𝑥
2 2 √𝑥 2 √𝑥

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Mixed Exercise 3.3
1 𝑓 (𝑥) = 2𝑥 , find 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
2 𝑓 (𝜃) = tan 𝜃 , 𝑓 ′ (𝜃) = 2, find 𝜃, 0 < 𝜃 < 180°
3 𝑓 (1) = 4, 𝑓 ′ (1) = −2, and 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥 × 𝑓(𝑥). Find 𝑔′ (1)
𝑥+7
𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = , so the number of stationary point of f(x) is/are
4 9 + 𝑥2
𝑎) 0 𝑏) 1 𝑐) 2 𝑑) 3
3
The curve C has equation 𝑦 = 4𝑥 2 − ln(5𝑥) where x > 0
5 The tangent at the point on C, where x = 1, meets the x axis at the point A.
1
Prove that the x – coordinate of A is ln(5𝑒).
5
𝑥 5 𝑑𝑦
6 𝐼𝑓 𝑦 = ( ) . 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 1
𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
7 𝐼𝑓 𝑦 = (𝑥 3 − 2)5 (3𝑥 2 − 1)3 . 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 1
𝑑𝑥

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June-2012
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June 2014

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June 2014

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[2 marks] June 2014

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[June 2015]

25

[June 2015]
If 𝑦 = tan 𝑢 and 𝑢 = 𝑒 , find:
𝑥

26 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦
𝑎. 𝑏. 𝑐.
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(2+2+1 marks)June 2015
𝜋
27 Find the equation of tangent to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 cos 𝑥, when 𝑥 =
3
2
𝑑
𝐼𝑓 (3 cos 2 𝑥 + 4) = 𝑘 sin 2𝑥,
28 𝑑𝑥
Then find the value of k?
3 𝑑𝑦
29 2 + 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 + 2 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑
𝑦 𝑑𝑥
1 5 𝑑𝑦
30 𝑦 = (3𝑥 − 1)3 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 3
5 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑦
31 𝑦 = , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 1
𝑒 3𝑥−1 𝑑𝑥

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Mixed Exercise 3.4
2 𝐼𝑓 𝑦 = √𝑥 + 𝑦 , 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑦 ′′ (2𝑦 − 1)3 = −2
𝑑𝑦
3 √𝑥 + √𝑦 = 5. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 4
𝑑𝑥

June-2012

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June – 2013

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June 2014

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June 2015
Find the equation of the normal line to the curve 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1 at (2, 1).
2 2
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(4.5 marks)[June 2015]
𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = − cos 𝑦
𝑑𝑦 sin3 𝑦 𝑑 2 𝑦
16 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡: sin 𝑦 . + . =0
𝑑𝑥 cos 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 2
(3.5 marks) [June 2015]
17 The gradient of the curve 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 = 1 at the point (1,2) is:
Consider the curve 2 − 𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 . Find the value of c if the gradient of the
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normal to the curve equals 1 at the point (0, c).

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