Scribd
Upload
4 views

Introduction

Uploaded by

johnaudreycataylo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views

Introduction

Uploaded by

johnaudreycataylo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 42

INTRODUCTION

The Concepts of Politics


and Governance
Aristotle

“Man, by nature, is a
political animal.”
POLITICS
• The Greeks formulated the word
th
politics during the 4 and 5 th

century.
• Politics was inseparable from the
life in the polis, a “city-state”
during that period.
• Polis- city-state
• Polites- citizens
• Politikos- government officials
• (Zaide, 1983)
• Therefore, this concept of politics may
be as old as the first organization
created by man.
• According to Aristotle and Plato,
humans are not self-sufficing so they
find the need to come together as a
community.
• In the ancient Greek sense of the
word, politics centers around freedom
which is characterized by a state of
not being ruled as well as a space
created by men wherein they interact
along with peers or equals (Arendt,
2007, p.117).
•Politics is the exercise of
power, the science of
government, the making of
collective decisions, the
allocation of scarce
resources and the practice
of management and
leadership.
POLITICS
“Who gets what, when, and how.”
-Harold Laswell
Definition of Politics
from Different
Philosophers and
Authors
According to
Heywood (2019)
1. Politics, “in its broadest sense, is
the activity through which people 05 May, 2030

make make, preserve, and amend the


general rules under which they live.”
02 May, 2030
04 May, 2030

•Politics is when a group of people


03 May, 2030

demand changes from the


government.
2.We can describe the politics as an art of government
which includes studying governing institutions, joining
the government, and exercising control and authority
05 May, 2030
through enforcing collective decisions.
Politics also goes beyond the government institution and
concerns itself with public affairs or those government
02 May, 2030
and non-government institutions04that operate in public
May, 2030

and can be accessed by the public.


03 May, 2030
3. Politics can also be contextualized in decision-
making as a compromise and consensus or a means of
conflict resolution.
5. Politics is about power which we
will briefly defines as the ability to
do something and achieve desired 05 May, 2030

outcome.
•By this definition, we can actually
02 May, 2030
04 May, 2030

see politics everywhere from the


03 May, 2030

government, public institutions, and


even in several private experiences.
According to Thomas Hobes,
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and
th
John Locke (17 and 18 th

century in Europe)
• Stressed the hypothetical state of nature that
was devoid of any kind of government.
• This state of nature is often violent and
05 May, 2030
chaotic; therefore, people enter themselves
into a social contract or a written or unwritten
binding agreement among
02 May, 2030
the
04 May, people that
2030

bids for the03creation


May, 2030 of a government and the
consequent use of politics for the
achievement of peace and order (Baradat,
1997).
According to
Niccolơ
Machiavelli
•Father of Modern Political
Science 05 May, 2030

•In his books, The Prince and


02 May, 2030
04 May, 2030
Discourses, he discussed the
03 May, 2030

impressive political strategies


on maintaining power.
Political Science
• It deals with the study of power in
society, politics, and government.
• It is the academic discipline that deals
with the key issues and concepts in
politics.
According to Plato
and Aristotle
The Central Concept in Politics
• The Concept of Justice
what and who is morally and politically upright
• The Concept of Power 05 May, 2030
the source of Authority
• The Concept of the Right Type of Constitutions and
Governments
02 May, 2030
04 May, 2030
different types of government and states
• The Concept of Political Structures
03 May, 2030

different ideologies in a state


• The Concept of Right and Virtuous Leadership
who should lead in a certain political system
The Key Fields in Politics
•Power relations in society 05 May, 2030

•Forms of government
•Political behavior
02 May, 2030
04 May, 2030

•Political culture
03 May, 2030

•Civil society’s role in


government
5 Reasons to Study Politics
1. Politics will help you know your rights.
2. Politics clarifies what you yourself 05 May, 2030
believes.
3. 02 May,
Politics
2030 is a living, breathing subject.
04 May, 2030
4. Politics helps you
03 May, 2030
to understand our
nation’s parties.
5. Politics prepares you for adult life.
GOVERNANCE
Definition of
Governance from
Different Sources
According to
Worldwide Governance
Indicators (2019
•Considered governance in
terms of the existing traditions,
institutions, and systems by
which authority is implemented
in a certain country.
According to
World Bank
•They reflected a similar idea with
WGI in 1993 but mentioned that the
authority or power is utilized for
managements of various resources
toward development (International
Centre for Parliamentary Studies,
2018).
•Directly related to politics since politics
is the art of governance
•Exercise of power or authority by
political leaders for the well-being of
the citizens
•Therefore, governance is
about governing, regulating,
managing, and ordering a
group of people or the whole
state (Harrison et al., 2015).
Characteristics of
Good Governance
1. Participation- everyone can directly or
indirectly partake in governmental
process
2. Rule of Law- there’s impartiality of the
legal framework and full protection of
human rights and dignities.
3. Transparency- information is freely
accessible
4. Responsiveness- service to all
stakeholders with a reasonable timeframe.
5. Consensus-oriented- there’s a general
agreement or unanimity of views or
opinions and in facts.
6. Effectiveness and Efficiency- result-
oriented and best performance within the
available resources.
7.Equitable and Inclusive- “fair
and for all”
8.Accountability- “Do you take
full responsibility of your
actions?”
Do we have such
characteristics?
GOVERNMENT
•On the other hand, the government is
just one of the actors of governance.
•Harrison et al., (2015) simply defines
government as “a general term used to
describe a body or bodies of authority
but also the process by which
decisions are made” by this body.
• The group of people with
the authority to govern a
country or a state
• The people is the
government.
•It was in ancient Greece that the
forms of government that we
know today were first articulated,
such as democracy (the rule of
the people or the many),
oligarchy (the rule of the
privileged few), and tyranny (the
rule of one individual).
• The Philippines is a republic with a presidential form of
government wherein power is equally divided among its
three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.
• The government seeks to act in the best interests of its
citizens through this system of check and balance.

• The Philippines is a democratic and republican State.


Sovereignty resides in the people and all government
authority emanated from them.
-ARTICLE II. SECTION I OF THE 1987 CONSTITUTION

You might also like