Magnetic Property

Measurement System
MPMS MultiVu Application User’s Manual

Part Number 1014-110C

Quantum Design
6325 Lusk Blvd.
San Diego, CA 92121
USA
Technical support (858) 481-4400
(800) 289-6996
Fax (858) 481-7410

Third edition of manual completed November 2004.

Trademarks
All product and company names appearing in this manual are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

U.S. Patents
4,791,788 Method for Obtaining Improved Temperature Regulation When Using Liquid Helium Cooling
4,848,093 Apparatus and Method for Regulating Temperature in a Cryogenic Test Chamber
5,053,834 High Symmetry DC Squid System
5,110, 034Superconducting Bonds for Thin Film Devices
5,139,192 Superconducting Bonds for Thin Film Devices
5,311,125 Magnetic Property Characterization System Employing a Single Sensing Coil Arrangement to Measure AC
Susceptibility and DC Moment of a Sample (patent licensed from Lakeshore)
5,319,307 Geometrically and Electrically Balanced DC Squid System Having a Pair of Intersecting Slits
5,647,228 Apparatus and Method for Regulating Temperature in Cryogenic Test Chamber

Foreign Patents
U.K. 9713380.5 Apparatus and Method for Regulating Temperature in Cryogenic Test Chamber
Canada 2,089,181 High Symmetry DC Squid System
Japan 2,533,428 High Symmetry DC Squid System
Japan 2,533,428 High Symmetry DC Squid System
C O N T E N T S

Table of Contents

PREFACE
Contents and Conventions ..............................................................................................................................xiii
P.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................xiii
P.2 Scope of the Manual.........................................................................................................................................xiii
P.3 Contents of the Manual ....................................................................................................................................xiii
P.4 Conventions in the Manual...............................................................................................................................xiv

CHAPTER 1
Introduction to MPMS MultiVu ................................................................................................................. 1-1
1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Overview of the MPMS MultiVu Application ................................................................................................ 1-1
1.2.1 Immediate Mode and Sequence Mode Operation..................................................................................... 1-1
1.2.2 Data Viewing............................................................................................................................................ 1-2
1.2.3 Comparison with the MPMSR2 DOS Software ....................................................................................... 1-2
1.3 Starting Up MPMS MultiVu ........................................................................................................................... 1-3

CHAPTER 2
MPMS MultiVu Interface .............................................................................................................................. 2-1
2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 Function of the MPMS MultiVu Interface ...................................................................................................... 2-1
2.2.1 MDI Application Interface ....................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.3 Features of the MPMS MultiVu Interface ....................................................................................................... 2-2
2.3.1 Menu Bar .................................................................................................................................................. 2-3
2.3.2 Pop-up Menus........................................................................................................................................... 2-3
2.3.3 Tool Bar.................................................................................................................................................... 2-4
2.3.4 Control Center .......................................................................................................................................... 2-6
2.3.5 Status Bar.................................................................................................................................................. 2-7
2.3.5.1 Sequence Status Panels...................................................................................................................... 2-7
2.3.5.2 Field Status Panels............................................................................................................................. 2-8
2.3.5.3 Temperature Status Panels................................................................................................................. 2-8
2.3.5.4 Chamber Status Panels ...................................................................................................................... 2-9
2.3.6 Data File Windows ................................................................................................................................... 2-9
2.3.7 Sequence Windows .................................................................................................................................. 2-9

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CHAPTER 3
Sample Measurement....................................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2 Overview of Sample Measurements................................................................................................................ 3-1
3.3 Measuring the Sample ..................................................................................................................................... 3-2
3.3.1 Attach the Sample..................................................................................................................................... 3-2
3.3.2 Insert the Sample ...................................................................................................................................... 3-3
3.3.3 Define the Sample Parameters.................................................................................................................. 3-5
3.3.4 Center the Sample..................................................................................................................................... 3-6
3.3.4.1 Initialize the Sample Transport.......................................................................................................... 3-7
3.3.4.2 Define the Parameters........................................................................................................................ 3-8
3.3.4.3 Run the Centering Measurement ....................................................................................................... 3-9
3.3.4.4 Adjust the Sample Position.............................................................................................................. 3-11
3.3.5 Measure the Sample................................................................................................................................ 3-12
3.3.5.1 Define the Parameters...................................................................................................................... 3-12
3.3.5.2 Select the Data Files ........................................................................................................................ 3-13
3.3.5.3 Run the Measurement ...................................................................................................................... 3-14
3.3.5.4 View the Data Files ......................................................................................................................... 3-14
3.4 Measurement Algorithms .............................................................................................................................. 3-15
3.4.1 Iterative Regression Algorithm............................................................................................................... 3-15
3.4.2 Linear Regression Algorithm ................................................................................................................. 3-16
3.4.3 Full Scan Algorithm ............................................................................................................................... 3-16
3.5 Measurement Considerations ........................................................................................................................ 3-17
3.6 Multiple Measure Sequence Command......................................................................................................... 3-17
3.6.1 Compatibility .......................................................................................................................................... 3-17
3.6.2 Accessing and Using Multiple-Measure Command ............................................................................... 3-18
3.6.3 Checking the Status of a Multiple-Measure Command.......................................................................... 3-20
3.6.4 Reading the Statistical Data (.ndat) File ................................................................................................. 3-21

CHAPTER 4
Data Files .............................................................................................................................................................. 4-1
4.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.2 Overview of Data Files.................................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.2.1 File Format ............................................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.2.2 Naming Conventions ................................................................................................................................ 4-2
4.2.2.1 Example: Naming Data Files That Save Sequence Measurement Data ............................................ 4-3
4.2.2.2 Example: Naming Data Files That Save Immediate Measurement Data........................................... 4-3
4.2.3 Active Data Files ...................................................................................................................................... 4-4
4.2.4 Template Files .......................................................................................................................................... 4-4
4.3 Types of Data Files.......................................................................................................................................... 4-5
4.3.1 Sample Measurement Data Files .............................................................................................................. 4-5
4.3.1.1 Measurement Data Files .................................................................................................................... 4-6
4.3.1.2 Scan Data Files .................................................................................................................................. 4-6
4.3.1.3 Raw Data Files................................................................................................................................... 4-7
4.3.1.4 Diagnostic Data Files......................................................................................................................... 4-7
4.3.2 Helium Data File ...................................................................................................................................... 4-7
4.3.3 Environment Log Files ............................................................................................................................. 4-7
4.3.4 Field Profile Scan Files............................................................................................................................. 4-8
4.3.5 EDC Data Files......................................................................................................................................... 4-8
4.4 Data File Management..................................................................................................................................... 4-9
4.4.1 Creating a Measurement Data File ........................................................................................................... 4-9
4.4.1.1 Creating a Measurement Data File to Save Immediate Measurement Data ...................................... 4-9

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4.4.1.2 Creating a Measurement Data File to Save Sequence Measurement Data ...................................... 4-10
4.4.1.3 Creating a Measurement Data File within a Sequence .................................................................... 4-10
4.4.2 Creating an Environment Log File ......................................................................................................... 4-11
4.4.3 Changing the Sequence Base Data File Name........................................................................................ 4-12
4.4.4 Creating a Graph Template File ............................................................................................................. 4-13
4.4.5 Applying a Graph Template File ............................................................................................................ 4-13
4.4.6 Printing a Graph ..................................................................................................................................... 4-13
4.5 Data-Viewing Formats .................................................................................................................................. 4-14
4.5.1 Graph View ............................................................................................................................................ 4-14
4.5.2 Record View........................................................................................................................................... 4-15
4.5.3 Table View ............................................................................................................................................. 4-16
4.5.4 Raw Data View....................................................................................................................................... 4-16
4.6 Graph Formats ............................................................................................................................................... 4-17
4.6.1 Selecting Gridlines and Data Indicators ................................................................................................. 4-17
4.6.2 Plotting Parameters................................................................................................................................. 4-18
4.6.3 Magnifying a Graph ............................................................................................................................... 4-19
4.6.4 Restoring the Current Graph Configuration File .................................................................................... 4-19
4.6.5 Restoring the Default Graph Format ...................................................................................................... 4-19

CHAPTER 5
Sequence Files ..................................................................................................................................................... 5-1
5.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 5-1
5.2 Overview of Sequence Files ............................................................................................................................ 5-1
5.2.1 Sequence Commands................................................................................................................................ 5-1
5.2.2 Sequence Command Bar........................................................................................................................... 5-2
5.2.3 Sequence Editor........................................................................................................................................ 5-2
5.2.4 Naming Conventions ................................................................................................................................ 5-3
5.2.5 Selected Sequence and Active Sequence.................................................................................................. 5-3
5.3 Sequence File Management............................................................................................................................. 5-4
5.3.1 Creating a Sequence ................................................................................................................................. 5-4
5.3.2 Editing a Sequence ................................................................................................................................... 5-4
5.3.3 Modifying Command Parameters within a Sequence............................................................................... 5-5
5.3.4 Printing a Sequence .................................................................................................................................. 5-5
5.3.5 Locking Sequence Status.......................................................................................................................... 5-6
5.3.6 Unlocking Sequence Status ...................................................................................................................... 5-6
5.4 Running a Sequence: An Example .................................................................................................................. 5-7
5.4.1 Prepare for the Measurement.................................................................................................................... 5-8
5.4.2 Create the Sequence.................................................................................................................................. 5-8
5.4.3 Select the Data File................................................................................................................................... 5-9
5.4.4 Run the Sequence ................................................................................................................................... 5-10
5.4.4.1 Pausing, Resuming, or Aborting a Sequence Run ........................................................................... 5-10
5.4.4.2 Viewing Data Files .......................................................................................................................... 5-10
5.5 Running a Partial Sequence........................................................................................................................... 5-11
5.6 Editing a Paused Sequence Run .................................................................................................................... 5-11

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CHAPTER 6
Sequence Commands ....................................................................................................................................... 6-1
6.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 6-1
6.2 Overview of Sequence Commands.................................................................................................................. 6-1
6.2.1 End Sequence Command.......................................................................................................................... 6-2
6.2.2 Similarities between Sequence Commands and Menu Options................................................................ 6-2
6.2.3 Guide to Location of Commands in Chapter ............................................................................................ 6-3
6.2.3.1 System Commands ............................................................................................................................ 6-3
6.2.3.2 Center Commands ............................................................................................................................. 6-3
6.2.3.3 Measure Commands .......................................................................................................................... 6-3
6.2.3.4 Bridge Channel Diagnostic Commands............................................................................................. 6-3
6.2.3.5 Calibration Factor Diagnostic Commands......................................................................................... 6-4
6.2.3.6 Chamber Diagnostic Commands ....................................................................................................... 6-4
6.2.3.7 Driver Channel Diagnostic Commands ............................................................................................. 6-4
6.2.3.8 Magnet Diagnostic Commands.......................................................................................................... 6-5
6.2.3.9 SQUID Diagnostic Commands.......................................................................................................... 6-5
6.2.3.10 Data Logging Commands ................................................................................................................ 6-5
6.2.3.11 Transport Diagnostic Commands .................................................................................................... 6-5
6.2.3.12 Voltmeter Diagnostic Commands.................................................................................................... 6-6
6.3 Scan Commands .............................................................................................................................................. 6-7
6.3.1 Operation of Control Loop ....................................................................................................................... 6-7
6.3.2 End Scan Command ................................................................................................................................. 6-8
6.4 System Commands .......................................................................................................................................... 6-9
6.4.1 Move Sample............................................................................................................................................ 6-9
6.4.1.1 Movement Modes ............................................................................................................................ 6-10
6.4.2 Remark ................................................................................................................................................... 6-10
6.4.3 Run Sequence ......................................................................................................................................... 6-10
6.4.4 Scan Field ............................................................................................................................................... 6-10
6.4.4.1 Spacing Modes ................................................................................................................................ 6-11
6.4.4.2 Steps Modes..................................................................................................................................... 6-12
6.4.4.3 Approach Modes ............................................................................................................................. 6-12
6.4.4.4 Resolution Modes ............................................................................................................................ 6-12
6.4.5 Scan Rotation.......................................................................................................................................... 6-13
6.4.5.1 Spacing Modes ................................................................................................................................ 6-13
6.4.5.2 Steps Modes..................................................................................................................................... 6-14
6.4.6 Scan Temperature ................................................................................................................................... 6-14
6.4.6.1 Spacing Modes ................................................................................................................................ 6-15
6.4.6.2 Steps Modes..................................................................................................................................... 6-15
6.4.6.3 Approach Modes ............................................................................................................................. 6-15
6.4.7 Set Field.................................................................................................................................................. 6-16
6.4.8 Set Temperature Undercool.................................................................................................................... 6-16
6.4.9 Set Temperature...................................................................................................................................... 6-16
6.4.10 Wait For................................................................................................................................................ 6-17
6.5 Center Commands ......................................................................................................................................... 6-18
6.5.1 Adjust Position ....................................................................................................................................... 6-18
6.5.2 DC Center............................................................................................................................................... 6-18
6.5.3 DC Parameters........................................................................................................................................ 6-18
6.5.3.1 EMU Modes .................................................................................................................................... 6-19
6.5.4 Full DC Scan .......................................................................................................................................... 6-19
6.5.5 Initialize Transport ................................................................................................................................. 6-19
6.6 Measure Commands ...................................................................................................................................... 6-20
6.6.1 Measure DC............................................................................................................................................ 6-20
6.6.2 Set Datafile ............................................................................................................................................. 6-21
6.7 Diagnostic Commands................................................................................................................................... 6-21

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6.7.1 Bridge Channels Commands .................................................................................................................. 6-21

6.7.1.1 Autorange ........................................................................................................................................ 6-21
6.7.1.2 Autoscan .......................................................................................................................................... 6-22
6.7.1.3 Max Excitation ................................................................................................................................ 6-22
6.7.1.4 User Mode ....................................................................................................................................... 6-22
6.7.2 Calibration Factor Commands ................................................................................................................ 6-22
6.7.2.1 Magnet............................................................................................................................................. 6-22
6.7.2.2 SQUID............................................................................................................................................. 6-23
6.7.2.3 Field Penetration.............................................................................................................................. 6-23
6.7.2.4 SQUID Extended Range.................................................................................................................. 6-23
6.7.2.5 SQUID Regression .......................................................................................................................... 6-23
6.7.2.6 Minimum Data Points...................................................................................................................... 6-23
6.7.2.7 Transverse Rotator Steps/Degree .................................................................................................... 6-23
6.7.2.8 SQUID Settle Time ......................................................................................................................... 6-23
6.7.2.9 Temperature Tolerance.................................................................................................................... 6-24
6.7.2.10 Low Temperature .......................................................................................................................... 6-24
6.7.2.11 Fill Temperature ............................................................................................................................ 6-24
6.7.2.12 Fill Time ........................................................................................................................................ 6-24
6.7.2.13 Fill Power ...................................................................................................................................... 6-24
6.7.2.14 Oven Factor ................................................................................................................................... 6-24
6.7.2.15 Maximum Temperature ................................................................................................................. 6-24
6.7.2.16 Minimum Warming Rate ............................................................................................................... 6-25
6.7.2.17 Maximum Rate on Pot ................................................................................................................... 6-25
6.7.2.18 Low-Temperature Heater Factor ................................................................................................... 6-25
6.7.2.19 Reservoir Fill ................................................................................................................................. 6-25
6.7.2.20 Thermometer Consistency Tolerance ............................................................................................ 6-25
6.7.2.21 Inductance...................................................................................................................................... 6-26
6.7.2.22 Charge Rate ................................................................................................................................... 6-26
6.7.2.23 Quench Time ................................................................................................................................. 6-26
6.7.2.24 Cool Time ...................................................................................................................................... 6-26
6.7.3 Chamber Commands .............................................................................................................................. 6-26
6.7.3.1 Cooling Valve.................................................................................................................................. 6-26
6.7.3.2 Flush Valve...................................................................................................................................... 6-26
6.7.3.3 Impedance Heater ............................................................................................................................ 6-27
6.7.3.4 Level Meter...................................................................................................................................... 6-27
6.7.3.5 Start Valve Sequence....................................................................................................................... 6-27
6.7.3.6 Valve Sequencing ............................................................................................................................ 6-28
6.7.3.7 Valve/Heater Select ......................................................................................................................... 6-28
6.7.3.8 Vent Valve....................................................................................................................................... 6-28
6.7.4 Driver Channels Commands................................................................................................................... 6-28
6.7.4.1 Assigned Input................................................................................................................................. 6-28
6.7.4.2 Balance Point................................................................................................................................... 6-29
6.7.4.3 Feedback Mode ............................................................................................................................... 6-29
6.7.4.4 Maximum Power ............................................................................................................................. 6-29
6.7.4.5 Minimum Power .............................................................................................................................. 6-29
6.7.4.6 Output Range................................................................................................................................... 6-30
6.7.4.7 Output Power................................................................................................................................... 6-30
6.7.4.8 PID Differentiator............................................................................................................................ 6-30
6.7.4.9 PID Gain.......................................................................................................................................... 6-30
6.7.4.10 PID Integrator................................................................................................................................ 6-31
6.7.4.11 PID Preset...................................................................................................................................... 6-31
6.7.4.12 Updates .......................................................................................................................................... 6-31

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6.7.5 Magnet Commands................................................................................................................................. 6-31

6.7.5.1 Charging Mode ................................................................................................................................ 6-31
6.7.5.2 High-Resolution Mode .................................................................................................................... 6-32
6.7.5.3 High-Resolution Relay .................................................................................................................... 6-32
6.7.5.4 Magnet Current................................................................................................................................ 6-32
6.7.5.5 Magnet Power.................................................................................................................................. 6-32
6.7.5.6 Magnet Relay................................................................................................................................... 6-33
6.7.5.7 Magnet Reset ................................................................................................................................... 6-33
6.7.5.8 Switch Heater .................................................................................................................................. 6-33
6.7.5.9 Update Magnetic Field .................................................................................................................... 6-33
6.7.6 SQUID Commands................................................................................................................................. 6-33
6.7.6.1 Auto Reset ....................................................................................................................................... 6-33
6.7.6.2 Group Reset ..................................................................................................................................... 6-33
6.7.6.3 Select Mode ..................................................................................................................................... 6-34
6.7.6.4 Select Power .................................................................................................................................... 6-34
6.7.6.5 Select Tune ...................................................................................................................................... 6-34
6.7.6.6 SQUID Filter ................................................................................................................................... 6-34
6.7.6.7 SQUID Gain .................................................................................................................................... 6-34
6.7.6.8 SQUID Heater ................................................................................................................................. 6-34
6.7.6.9 SQUID Quench ............................................................................................................................... 6-34
6.7.6.10 SQUID Range................................................................................................................................ 6-35
6.7.6.11 SQUID Reset ................................................................................................................................. 6-35
6.7.7 Data Logging Commands ....................................................................................................................... 6-35
6.7.7.1 Start Data Logging........................................................................................................................... 6-35
6.7.7.2 Stop Data Logging........................................................................................................................... 6-35
6.7.8 Transport Commands ............................................................................................................................. 6-35
6.7.8.1 Auto Tracking.................................................................................................................................. 6-36
6.7.8.2 Calibrate Long ................................................................................................................................. 6-36
6.7.8.3 Calibrate Rotator.............................................................................................................................. 6-36
6.7.8.4 Define Long..................................................................................................................................... 6-36
6.7.8.5 Move Long ...................................................................................................................................... 6-36
6.7.8.6 Move Rotator................................................................................................................................... 6-37
6.7.8.7 Rotate to Zero .................................................................................................................................. 6-37
6.7.8.8 Set Long Acceleration ..................................................................................................................... 6-37
6.7.8.9 Set Long Initial Rate........................................................................................................................ 6-37
6.7.8.10 Set Long Power ............................................................................................................................. 6-37
6.7.8.11 Set Long Slew................................................................................................................................ 6-37
6.7.8.12 Stop Rotator................................................................................................................................... 6-38
6.7.9 Voltmeter Commands............................................................................................................................. 6-38
6.7.9.1 Readings to Average........................................................................................................................ 6-38
6.7.9.2 Sampling Rate.................................................................................................................................. 6-38
6.7.9.3 Set Gain ........................................................................................................................................... 6-38

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CHAPTER 7
System Operations ............................................................................................................................................ 7-1
7.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 7-1
7.2 Setting the Temperature................................................................................................................................... 7-1
7.3 Setting the Magnetic Field............................................................................................................................... 7-2
7.4 Controlling the Chamber Atmosphere............................................................................................................. 7-3
7.5 Tuning the SQUID .......................................................................................................................................... 7-3
7.6 Monitoring Helium Transfers.......................................................................................................................... 7-5
7.7 Entering Standby Mode ................................................................................................................................... 7-5
7.8 Advanced System Operations.......................................................................................................................... 7-6
7.8.1 Correcting the Field-Intensity Data .......................................................................................................... 7-6
7.8.2 Resetting the Magnet ................................................................................................................................ 7-6
7.8.3 Logging Data Parameters ......................................................................................................................... 7-6
7.8.4 Reviewing Calibration Factors ................................................................................................................. 7-7
7.8.5 Configuring the Message Display .......................................................................................................... 7-10
7.8.6 Logging Events....................................................................................................................................... 7-11
7.8.7 Installing and Activating Options........................................................................................................... 7-12
7.8.8 Converting MPMSR2 DOS Files ........................................................................................................... 7-12

CHAPTER 8
Diagnostics............................................................................................................................................................ 8-1
8.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 8-1
8.2 Overview of Diagnostics ................................................................................................................................. 8-1
8.3 Bridge Channel Diagnostics ............................................................................................................................ 8-2
8.4 Chamber Diagnostics....................................................................................................................................... 8-3
8.5 Driver Channel Diagnostics............................................................................................................................. 8-5
8.6 GPIB Diagnostics ............................................................................................................................................ 8-7
8.6.1 Viewing GPIB Activity ............................................................................................................................ 8-7
8.6.2 Sending GPIB Commands........................................................................................................................ 8-7
8.7 Magnet Diagnostics ......................................................................................................................................... 8-8
8.8 Serial Port Diagnostics .................................................................................................................................... 8-9
8.9 SQUID Diagnostics ....................................................................................................................................... 8-10
8.10 Transport Diagnostics.................................................................................................................................. 8-11
8.11 Voltmeter Diagnostics ................................................................................................................................. 8-14
8.12 Temperature Control.................................................................................................................................... 8-15

APPENDIX A
Installation Instructions ................................................................................................................................. A-1
A.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... A-1
A.2 Overview of Installation ................................................................................................................................ A-1
A.2.1 Configuration Files and the Machine State............................................................................................. A-1
A.3 Installing MPMS MultiVu............................................................................................................................. A-2
A.3.1 Install the GPIB Software....................................................................................................................... A-2
A.3.2 Install the GPIB Board............................................................................................................................ A-2
A.3.3 Install MPMS MultiVu ........................................................................................................................... A-2
A.3.4 Change the EPROMs.............................................................................................................................. A-3
A.3.5 Update the Calibration Files ................................................................................................................... A-3
A.3.6 Set the SQUID Drive and Tune Levels .................................................................................................. A-3

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APPENDIX B
Data File Format ................................................................................................................................................B-1
B.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................B-1
B.2 Overview of Data File Format ........................................................................................................................B-1
B.3 Data File Header .............................................................................................................................................B-2
B.4 Data Section....................................................................................................................................................B-3
B.4.1 Data Section Field Names in Each Type of Data File..............................................................................B-3
B.5 Data Types ......................................................................................................................................................B-5
B.5.1 Numerical Data ........................................................................................................................................B-5
B.5.2 Strings ......................................................................................................................................................B-5
B.5.3 Boolean ....................................................................................................................................................B-5
B.5.4 Additional Information ............................................................................................................................B-5

References ..............................................................................................................................................References-1

Index ................................................................................................................................................................ Index-1

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Figures

Figure 1-1. System Startup Dialog Box...................................................................................................................1-3

Figure 2-1. MPMS MultiVu Interface.....................................................................................................................2-2

Figure 2-2. Control Center ......................................................................................................................................2-6
Figure 2-3. Status Bar Maximized...........................................................................................................................2-7

Figure 3-1. Correctly Positioned Sample.................................................................................................................3-2

Figure 3-2. Sample Transport and Electronic Control Assembly............................................................................3-3
Figure 3-3. O-Rings on Socket Block Assembly.....................................................................................................3-4
Figure 3-4. Sample Description Dialog Box ...........................................................................................................3-5
Figure 3-5. DC Centering Dialog Box.....................................................................................................................3-7
Figure 3-6. DC Center Parameters Dialog Box .......................................................................................................3-8
Figure 3-7. DC Centering Measurement and Measured SQUID Voltage Response.............................................3-10
Figure 3-8. Adjust Sample Position Dialog Box ...................................................................................................3-11
Figure 3-9. Measure DC Dialog Box.....................................................................................................................3-12
Figure 3-10. MPMS MultiVu Window, Sequence Commands Panel and New Sequence File ...........................3-18
Figure 3-11. Multiple Measurement Dialog Box Set Up to Perform RSO Measurements....................................3-18
Figure 3-12. Measure RSO Dialog Box for Setting Measurement Parameteres ...................................................3-19
Figure 3-13. Multiple Measurement Command Dialog Box After the Advanced Button has been selected ........3-19
Figure 3-14. MPMS MultiVu Window Showing Control Center Panel,
Sequence Commands, and Sequence File06 Chapter 3.doc ..............................................................3-21
Figure 3-15. Contents of the Statistical Data File for Record #10 of QuartzVR1.rso...........................................3-22

Figure 4-1. General Tab in Log Data Dialog Box .................................................................................................4-11

Figure 4-2. Standard Items Tab in Log Data Dialog Box......................................................................................4-12
Figure 4-3. Graph View.........................................................................................................................................4-14
Figure 4-4. Record View .......................................................................................................................................4-15
Figure 4-5. Table View..........................................................................................................................................4-16
Figure 4-6. Plot Appearance Dialog Box ..............................................................................................................4-17
Figure 4-7. Data Selection Dialog Box .................................................................................................................4-18

Figure 5-1. Sequence Command Bar.......................................................................................................................5-2

Figure 5-2. Sequence Editor ....................................................................................................................................5-3
Figure 5-3. Lock Sequence Dialog Box ..................................................................................................................5-6
Figure 5-4. Status Information Appearing in Control Center While Sequence Runs..............................................5-7
Figure 5-5. Example Sequence File.........................................................................................................................5-9
Figure 5-6. Run Sequence Pop-up Dialog Box .....................................................................................................5-11
Figure 5-7. Sequence Status Dialog Box Shown While Running Sequence Is Paused.........................................5-11
Figure 5-8. Sequence Editor Showing Example of Command List Sequence File ...............................................5-12

Figure 6-1. Illustration of Control Loop in Sequence Editor...................................................................................6-7

Figure 6-2. Move Transport Dialog Box .................................................................................................................6-9
Figure 6-3. Scan Field Dialog Box........................................................................................................................6-11
Figure 6-4. Scan Rotation Dialog Box ..................................................................................................................6-13
Figure 6-5. Scan Temperature Dialog Box............................................................................................................6-14
Figure 6-6. Wait For Dialog Box ..........................................................................................................................6-17
Figure 6-7. DC Center Parameters Dialog Box .....................................................................................................6-18
Figure 6-8. Measure DC Dialog Box for Sequence Measurement ........................................................................6-20

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Figure 7-1. Temperature Parameters Dialog Box 7-1

Figure 7-2. Magnetic Field Dialog Box...................................................................................................................7-2
Figure 7-3. Chamber Dialog Box ............................................................................................................................7-3
Figure 7-4. SQUID Tuning Dialog Box Showing Longitudinal Tab ......................................................................7-3
Figure 7-5. Helium Fill Status Screen .....................................................................................................................7-5
Figure 7-6. General Tab in Log Data Dialog Box ...................................................................................................7-6
Figure 7-7. Standard Items Tab in Log Data Dialog Box........................................................................................7-7
Figure 7-8. Configure Error Handling Dialog Box ...............................................................................................7-10
Figure 7-9. Event Log ...........................................................................................................................................7-11
Figure 7-10. Configure Logging Dialog Box ........................................................................................................7-11

Figure 8-1. Bridge Channel Diagnostics Dialog Box..............................................................................................8-2

Figure 8-2. Chamber/Gas Control Diagnostics Dialog Box ....................................................................................8-3
Figure 8-3. Bridge Driver Diagnostics Dialog Box.................................................................................................8-5
Figure 8-4. GPIB Status Dialog Box .......................................................................................................................8-7
Figure 8-5. Send GPIB Commands Dialog Box......................................................................................................8-7
Figure 8-6. Magnet Diagnostics Dialog Box...........................................................................................................8-8
Figure 8-7. Monitor Communication Port Dialog Box ...........................................................................................8-9
Figure 8-8. Longitudinal Tab in SQUID Diagnostics Dialog Box........................................................................8-10
Figure 8-9. Sample Transport Tab in Transport Diagnostics Dialog Box.............................................................8-12
Figure 8-10. Motor Configuration Dialog Box .....................................................................................................8-13
Figure 8-11. Voltmeter Diagnostics Dialog Box...................................................................................................8-14
Figure 8-12. Temperature Control Dialog Box .....................................................................................................8-15

x MPMS MultiVu Application User’s Manual Quantum Design

 Contents
Table of Tables

Tables

Table 1-1. New Features in MPMS MultiVu ..........................................................................................................1-2

Table 2-1. MPMS MultiVu Menus..........................................................................................................................2-3

Table 2-2. MPMS MultiVu Tool Bar Buttons.........................................................................................................2-4
Table 2-3. Equivalent Tool Bar Button and Menu Commands ...............................................................................2-5
Table 2-4. Data in Sequence Status Panels..............................................................................................................2-7
Table 2-5. Data in Field Status Panels.....................................................................................................................2-8
Table 2-6. Data in Temperature Status Panels.........................................................................................................2-8
Table 2-7. Data in Chamber Status Panels ..............................................................................................................2-9

Table 3-1. Sample Parameters .................................................................................................................................3-5

Table 3-2. Scan Parameters .....................................................................................................................................3-6
Table 3-3. SQUID Parameters.................................................................................................................................3-6
Table 3-4. Summary of Functions of Measurement Algorithms ...........................................................................3-15

Table 4-1. Components of Data File Names ...........................................................................................................4-2

Table 4-2. File Extensions .......................................................................................................................................4-2
Table 4-3. Name and Function of Data File Types .................................................................................................4-5

Table 6-1. Suggested Use of Field Approach Modes ............................................................................................6-12

Table 6-2. Suggested Use of Temperature Approach Modes................................................................................6-15
Table 6-3. System Conditions Affected by Wait For Command...........................................................................6-17
Table 6-4. Operating Modes for Impedance Heater ..............................................................................................6-27
Table 6-5. Maximum Output Range......................................................................................................................6-30
Table 6-6. Magnet Polarity Modes ........................................................................................................................6-32
Table 6-7. Reset Modes for SQUID ......................................................................................................................6-35

Table 7-1. Suggested Use of Field Approach Modes ..............................................................................................7-2

Table 7-2. Standard MPMS Calibration Factors .....................................................................................................7-8
Table 7-3. Default Values for Standard MPMS Calibration Factors.......................................................................7-9
Table 7-4. System Messages .................................................................................................................................7-10

Table 8-1. Physical Channel Control Parameters ....................................................................................................8-3

Table 8-2. Settings for Gas System .........................................................................................................................8-4
Table 8-3. Driver Control Settings ..........................................................................................................................8-6
Table 8-4. Control Parameters Settings ...................................................................................................................8-6
Table 8-5. Magnet Control Parameters....................................................................................................................8-8
Table 8-6. SQUID Control Commands .................................................................................................................8-10
Table 8-7. Movement Control Commands ............................................................................................................8-12
Table 8-8. Motor Configuration Parameters..........................................................................................................8-13
Table 8-9. Voltmeter Diagnostic Parameters.........................................................................................................8-14

Quantum Design MPMS MultiVu Application User’s Manual xi

P R E F A C E

Contents and Conventions

P.1 Introduction
This preface contains the following information:

• Section P.2 discusses the overall scope of • Section P.4 illustrates and describes
the manual. conventions that appear in the manual.
• Section P.3 briefly summarizes the
contents of the manual.

P.2 Scope of the Manual

This manual discusses the MPMS MultiVu application, which is the software running the Magnetic
Property Measurement System (MPMS) and the MPMS options. This manual describes how you
install and how you use MPMS MultiVu.
The MPMS MultiVu application must run on Windows 95. This manual assumes you are familiar
with Windows 95.
For information about the MPMS hardware, refer to the MPMS Hardware Reference Manual. For
specific information about any of the MPMS options, refer to the appropriate option manual.

P.3 Contents of the Manual

• Chapter 1 introduces the MPMS MultiVu • Chapter 4 discusses MPMS MultiVu
application. data files.
• Chapter 2 discusses the MPMS MultiVu • Chapter 5 discusses MPMS MultiVu
interface. sequence files and sequence operation.
• Chapter 3 explains how to use MPMS • Chapter 6 discusses MPMS MultiVu
MultiVu to take a sample measurement. sequence commands.

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Section P.4 Preface
Conventions in the Manual Contents and Conventions

• Chapter 7 explains how to use MPMS • Appendix A explains how to install

MultiVu to perform basic system MPMS MultiVu.
operations.
• Chapter 8 explains how to use MPMS • Appendix B explains the format of
MultiVu to perform diagnostic functions. MPMS MultiVu data files.

P.4 Conventions in the Manual

File menu Bold text distinguishes the names of menus, options, buttons, and panels appearing
on the PC monitor.
FilehOpen The h symbol indicates that you select multiple, nested software options.
.dat The Courier font distinguishes code and the names of files and directories.
<Enter> Angle brackets distinguish the names of keys located on the PC keyboard.
<Alt+Enter> A plus sign connecting the names of two or more keys distinguishes keys you press
simultaneously.
A pointing hand introduces a supplementary note.

An exclamation point inside an inverted triangle introduces a cautionary

note.

A lightning bolt inside an inverted triangle introduces a warning.

xiv MPMS MultiVu Application User’s Manual Quantum Design

C H A P T E R 1

Introduction to MPMS MultiVu

1.1 Introduction
This chapter contains the following information:

• Section 1.2 presents an overview of the • Section 1.3 explains how to start up
MPMS MultiVu application. MPMS MultiVu.

1.2 Overview of the MPMS MultiVu Application

MPMS MultiVu is a 32-bit, Windows 95−based application that controls and monitors the operation
of the MPMS hardware and the operation of installed MPMS options. MPMS MultiVu integrates all
system operations into one versatile and easy-to-use Windows 95 interface (see figure 2-1). System
operation is simplified; multiple commands that open files, run measurements, or set parameters are
always enabled. The control center and status bar in the MPMS MultiVu interface always display
status information.
MPMS MultiVu functions like any Windows 95 application and uses all Windows 95 conventions.
Windows 95 utilities may be used to control and manage MPMS MultiVu file folders without exiting
MPMS MultiVu. MPMS MultiVu may run simultaneously with other applications.

This manual generally describes one method of performing a specific task in

MPMS MultiVu. However, different MPMS MultiVu commands can often
NOTE be used to perform the identical task. As you work with MPMS MultiVu,
you will discover multiple ways of performing identical tasks.

1.2.1 Immediate Mode and Sequence Mode Operation

MPMS MultiVu supports manual, or immediate, tasks and automated, or sequence, tasks. Menu
options and control center commands execute immediately. Sequence commands execute only
when the sequence file in which the commands are included runs, but while the sequence runs, the
commands are executed automatically. If you select a measurement command in the MPMS MultiVu

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Section 1.2 Chapter 1
Overview of the MPMS MultiVu Application Introduction to MPMS MultiVu

Measure menu, you are taking a measurement in immediate mode. If you add a measurement
sequence command to a sequence file and then run the sequence, you are taking a measurement
in sequence mode.

1.2.2 Data Viewing

MPMS MultiVu offers tremendous flexibility in data-viewing options. When you open a data file, you
see a plot of the actual data stored in the file. You can modify the appearance of the graph view of the
file and select which types of data are plotted in the graph. You can also use tables or a text editor to
examine the data, and you can import the data file into another graphics application. MPMS MultiVu
automatically saves all system-generated data to data files.

1.2.3 Comparison with the MPMSR2 DOS Software

MPMS MultiVu simplifies many of the tasks performed in the MPMSR2 DOS software and includes
new features that make it easier to work with the MPMS.

Table 1-1. New Features in MPMS MultiVu

MANUAL
TASK WHAT MPMS MULTIVU DOES REFERENCE

Storing Data Stores data in data files and prevents data files Section 4.2
from being overwritten. Allows data files to be Section 4.3
opened at any time.
Viewing Data Allows graph of data file to be modified and data Section 4.5
to be examined in different viewing formats. Section 4.6
Automating Operation Edits, executes, and controls sequence files. Section 5.2
Section 5.4
Recording Events Includes event log that records error, information, Section 7.8.6
and sequence events.
Recording System Data Includes environment log file that can store system Section 4.3.3
data indefinitely.
Tuning SQUID Allows SQUID coils to be tuned automatically. Section 7.5
Running Control Loop Includes scan sequence commands that create Section 6.3
execution loops.
Performing Diagnostics Includes Diagnostics dialogs that list all diagnostic Chapter 8
parameters and allow parameters to be modified.

MPMS MultiVu allows you to convert MPMSR2 DOS sequence files and data files to the MPMS
MultiVu format.

• Select the UtilitieshConvert Sequence menu option to convert an MPMSR2 DOS sequence.
• Select the UtilitieshConvert Data File menu option to convert an MPMSR2 DOS data file.

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Chapter 1 Section 1.3
Introduction to MPMS MultiVu Starting Up MPMS MultiVu

1.3 Starting Up MPMS MultiVu

1. Do one of the following: (a) select the MPMS MultiVu icon that is on the desktop or (b) open
the Windows 95 Start menu and then locate and select the MPMS MultiVu option. The MPMS
MultiVu option may be located in the ProgramshQuantum Design folder.
2. Wait for MPMS MultiVu to start up. The MPMS MultiVu interface opens, and in the center of
the interface, the System Startup dialog box appears. The System Startup dialog box identifies
each task the system performs as part of start-up. The dialog box disappears as soon as start-up
is complete.

Figure 1-1. System Startup Dialog Box

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C H A P T E R 2

MPMS MultiVu Interface

2.1 Introduction
This chapter contains the following information:

• Section 2.2 summarizes the function • Section 2.3 discusses the main features
of the MPMS MultiVu interface. of the MPMS MultiVu interface.

2.2 Function of the MPMS MultiVu Interface

Menu options and command buttons in the MPMS MultiVu interface perform all manual and
automated MPMS tasks. Immediate instrument status feedback information displayed in the interface
indicates the current system status. The interface allows immediate control of the MPMS for
performing a wide variety of standard tasks, such as changing the temperature or magnetic field,
running measurements, or logging system data. The interface also allows most functions of the
MPMS and the MPMS options to be automated by using a series of simple commands, called a
sequence. MPMS MultiVu provides the sequence editor and the commands that initiate and control
the running sequence.
The MPMS MultiVu interface simplifies data collection and data viewing. Data can be viewed in a
graphic, tabular, or raw data format. Data can be viewed in real time during automated operation, or it
can be viewed after it has been collected.

2.2.1 MDI Application Interface

MPMS MultiVu is a multiple document interface (MDI) Windows application. In MPMS MultiVu,
multiple documents may be open for viewing and editing at any one time, and a single document can
be viewed in multiple ways. For example, a data file can be viewed in a graph, table, record, or raw
data window. Each different view presents the same information in a unique manner. The name of
the active document appears in the title bar of the main MPMS MultiVu window. To activate a
document, you simply click anywhere within its window.

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Section 2.3 Chapter 2
Features of the MPMS MultiVu Interface MPMS MultiVu Interface

2.3 Features of the MPMS MultiVu Interface

The MPMS MultiVu menu options and command buttons provide multiple ways of performing many
basic tasks, such as opening files and running sequences. The menu options and command buttons that
are available depend on the active file and the task being performed and also on the installed hardware
options. Figure 2-1 illustrates the basic elements of the MPMS MultiVu interface. Other windows
may be visible, depending on the task being performed.

Tool Bar

Graph
View of
Control Data File
Center

Sequence
Editor

Status Bar

Figure 2-1. MPMS MultiVu Interface

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Chapter 2 Section 2.3
MPMS MultiVu Interface Features of the MPMS MultiVu Interface

2.3.1 Menu Bar

All MPMS MultiVu functions are accessible through the menus in the menu bar. The available
menus and menu options vary, based on the current task, active file, and installed MPMS options.
Some options add items to the menus.

Table 2-1. MPMS MultiVu Menus

MENU FUNCTION

File Contains standard Windows commands that create, open, or close files.
Edit Contains standard Windows editing commands that edit sequence files.
Menu is available only when sequence file is active.
View Options show or hide parts of interface or select data-viewing formats.
Sample Options summarize sample parameter and sample installation data.
Sequence Options control sequence operation.
Center Options control centering operation.
Measure Options control measurement operation.
Graph Options open and modify graph configuration files and create and apply
graph template files.
Instrument Options control basic operation of MPMS hardware.
Utilities Options are tools that help operate MPMS or are diagnostics that directly
control MPMS hardware.
Window Contains standard Windows organization commands that arrange icons or
windows. Menu is available only when sequence or data file is active.
Help Standard Windows Help menu.

2.3.2 Pop-up Menus

In addition to the menus in the menu bar, MPMS MultiVu includes a Graph pop-up menu and an Edit
pop-up menu, which provide shortcuts to data-viewing commands and editing commands, respectively.
The Graph pop-up menu is available only when the graph view of a data file is active. The Edit pop-
up menu is available only when a sequence file is active.
You open the Graph pop-up menu by right-clicking the mouse inside a graph window. If you right-
click anywhere inside the graph window except immediately above or below the graph, then all menu
options, including X Axis Auto Scale and Y Axis Auto Scale, are available.
Graph pop-up menu options and Graph menu options are nearly identical. Options in both menus
modify graph configuration files and create and apply graph template files. However, Graph pop-
up menu options emphasize modifying the graph format and selecting data-viewing formats. Graph
menu options emphasize opening and saving files.
You open the Edit pop-up menu by right-clicking the mouse inside a sequence editor window. Edit
pop-up menu options and Edit menu options are identical. Both menus contain standard Windows
editing commands that you apply to sequence files.

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Section 2.3 Chapter 2
Features of the MPMS MultiVu Interface MPMS MultiVu Interface

2.3.3 Tool Bar

The tool bar buttons provide shortcuts that let you initiate many of the more frequently performed
MPMS MultiVu functions without having to select multiple, nested menu options. The buttons are
grouped according to function. The active file and the current state of sequence operation determine
which buttons are enabled.
You may move, resize, dock, hide, or display the tool bar. The ViewhTool Bar toggle option hides
or displays the tool bar.
If the mouse pointer pauses over a tool bar button, a ToolTip pops up to display the name of the button.

Table 2-2. MPMS MultiVu Tool Bar Buttons

BUTTON FUNCTION

Creates and opens new sequence file by opening sequence

New Sequence File
editor window for file.
Opens sequence file by opening sequence editor window
Open Sequence File
for file.
Saves active sequence file. Button is enabled only when
Save Sequence File
sequence file is active.
Opens data file whose graph format is defined by selected
Open Graph File
graph configuration file.

Open Data File Opens data file.

Removes command or commands selected in sequence

Cut
file. Button is enabled only when sequence file is active.
Copies command or commands selected in sequence file.
Copy
Button is enabled only when sequence file is active.
Pastes last cut or copied command or commands into
Paste sequence file. Button is enabled only when sequence file
is active.

Print Prints active sequence file or graph view of active data file.

About Identifies which version of MPMS MultiVu is running.

Runs selected sequence. Button is enabled only when

Run Sequence
sequence status is unlocked and no sequence is running.
Pause Sequence Pauses or resumes unlocked sequence run. Button is
Resume Sequence enabled only when unlocked sequence runs.
Aborts unlocked sequence run. Button is enabled only
Abort Sequence
when unlocked sequence runs.
Lock\Unlock
Locks or unlocks current sequence status.
Sequence

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Chapter 2 Section 2.3
MPMS MultiVu Interface Features of the MPMS MultiVu Interface

Table 2-3. Equivalent Tool Bar Button and Menu Commands

TOOL BAR EQUIVALENT

BUTTON MENU COMMAND

New Sequence File FilehNew Sequence

Open Sequence File FilehOpenhSequence
Save Sequence File FilehSave
Open Graph File FilehOpenhGraph
Open Data File FilehOpenhDataFile
Cut EdithCut
Copy EdithCopy
Paste EdithPaste
Print FilehPrint
About HelphAbout
Run Sequence SequencehControlhRun
Pause Sequence SequencehControlhPause
Resume Sequence SequencehControlhResume
Abort Sequence SequencehControlhAbort
Lock Sequence SequencehControlhOptionshLock
Unlock Sequence SequencehControlhOptionshUnlock

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Section 2.3 Chapter 2
Features of the MPMS MultiVu Interface MPMS MultiVu Interface

2.3.4 Control Center

The control center summarizes sequence status information and allows
you to control sequence operation without having to select menu options.
The status panels and command buttons in the control center are grouped
according to function and are arranged, from top to bottom, in the order
you normally review or select them.
The Sample panel at the top of the control center displays the name
of the sample. You select the Sample Change button to review or
redefine the sample parameters.
The Selected Sequence panel displays the name of the selected
sequence, which is the sequence file that runs the next time an MPMS
MultiVu Run command is issued. The Edit button opens the selected
sequence, and the Selected Sequence Change button lets you choose
another sequence to run.
The Sequence Base Data File Name panel displays the base name
of the data files that will store the sequence measurement data. The
View button opens the graph view of one of these files. The Sequence
Base Data File Name Change button lets you select another data file
to store the measurement data.
The Sequence Status panel indicates the status of the selected
sequence⎯Idle, Running, or Paused⎯and when the sequence runs, Figure 2-2. Control
displays (1) the command line number, as indicated in the sequence Center
editor, and name of the sequence command being executed; (2) the
name of the running sequence; and (3) the base name of the active
data files. Clicking once in the Sequence Status panel opens the
Sequence Status dialog box.
Run and Abort buttons as well as Pause or Resume and Lock or Unlock toggle buttons are at the
bottom of the control center.
The ViewhControl Center toggle option hides or displays the control center. Clicking once on any
sequence status panel in the MPMS MultiVu status bar (see section 2.3.5.1) also displays the control
center. You may move or dock the control center.

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MPMS MultiVu Interface Features of the MPMS MultiVu Interface

2.3.5 Status Bar

The status bar displays the sequence status and the status of the magnetic field, system temperature,
and MPMS sample chamber. Panels displaying the same type of information are grouped together.
You may minimize, maximize, hide, display, or move the status bar. By default, the status bar is
maximized to show the maximum amount of status information. The ViewhStatus BarhMinimum
option minimizes the status bar so that it shows a minimal amount of information. ViewhStatus
BarhNone hides the status bar. ViewhStatus BarhMaximum displays the entire status bar.
Each field, temperature, and chamber status panel in the status bar is also a command button that opens
the Magnetic Field, Temperature Parameters, or Chamber dialog box, respectively. These dialog
boxes display status information and let you change the system state.

Sequence Status Field Status Temperature Status Chamber Status

Panels Panels Panels Panels

Figure 2-3. Status Bar Maximized

2.3.5.1 SEQUENCE STATUS PANELS

The sequence status panels indicate whether a sequence is running. The top or first panel always
indicates the sequence status: Idle, Running, or Paused. During the run, the sequence status panels
display the name of the running sequence and the base name of the active data files. If another
sequence is selected for editing while a sequence is running, the sequence status panels continue to
show the name of the running sequence and the base name of the data files storing the measurement
data from the current sequence run.
Clicking once on any sequence status panel displays the control center.

Table 2-4. Data in Sequence Status Panels

DISPLAYED DATA

PANEL STATUS BAR MAXIMIZED STATUS BAR MINIMIZED

• Sequence name and status during

Top or • Sequence status: “Idle,” “Running,” or sequence run
Left “Paused” • “none” and “Idle” if sequence is idle
Middle • Sequence name during sequence run • Data file name if sequence is running
or Right • “none” if sequence is idle • “none” if sequence is idle
• Data file name if sequence is running
Bottom
• “none” if sequence is idle

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Section 2.3 Chapter 2
Features of the MPMS MultiVu Interface MPMS MultiVu Interface

2.3.5.2 FIELD STATUS PANELS

The field status panels display the current magnetic field and indicate the state of field control.
Clicking once on any field status panel opens the Magnetic Field dialog box.

Table 2-5. Data in Field Status Panels

DISPLAYED DATA

PANEL STATUS BAR MAXIMIZED STATUS BAR MINIMIZED

Top Field set point Current field and state of field control
Middle Current field
Bottom State of field control

2.3.5.3 TEMPERATURE STATUS PANELS

The temperature status panels display the current system temperature and indicate the state of
temperature control.
Clicking once on any temperature status panel opens the Temperature Parameters dialog box.

Table 2-6. Data in Temperature Status Panels

DISPLAYED DATA

PANEL STATUS BAR MAXIMIZED STATUS BAR MINIMIZED

Top Current system temperature Current system temperature and state of

temperature control
Middle Temperature set point and sweep rate
Bottom State of temperature control

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Chapter 2 Section 2.3
MPMS MultiVu Interface Features of the MPMS MultiVu Interface

2.3.5.4 CHAMBER STATUS PANELS

The chamber status panels display the state of the sample chamber status and indicate the level of
helium in the dewar.
Clicking once on any chamber status panel opens the Chamber dialog box.

Table 2-7. Data in Chamber Status Panels

DISPLAYED DATA

PANEL STATUS BAR MAXIMIZED STATUS BAR MINIMIZED

Top Helium level in dewar Helium level in dewar

Middle State of sample chamber
Bottom Status of impedance heater, driver, and
cooling valve

When the EverCool option is active, the MPMS MultiVu status bar can display EverCool system status
data instead of sample chamber status data. Refer to the Magnetic Property Measurement System:
EverCool Dewar Option User’s Manual.

2.3.6 Data File Windows

MPMS MultiVu documents include data files. You may examine data files in graph, table, record, or
raw data windows. You may move, minimize, and maximize these windows. Any number of these
windows may be open at one time.
Chapter 4 discusses data files and data-viewing formats in detail.

2.3.7 Sequence Windows

MPMS MultiVu documents include sequence files. A sequence editor window displays the sequence
commands and command parameters comprising one sequence file. The sequence command bar
displays all available sequence commands. Any number of sequence editor windows may be open
at one time. You may move, minimize, or maximize the sequence editor window. You may edit a
sequence within the sequence editor window. You may move, dock, hide, or display the sequence
command bar.
Chapter 5 discusses sequence files and sequence operation in detail.

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C H A P T E R 3

Sample Measurement

3.1 Introduction
This chapter contains the following information:

• Section 3.2 presents an overview of the • Section 3.4 describes the measurement
sample measurement process. algorithms.
• Section 3.3 explains how to take a DC • Section 3.5 discusses factors to consider
sample measurement in immediate mode. when performing a measurement.

3.2 Overview of Sample Measurements

MPMS MultiVu measures the magnetic moment of a sample by reading the output of the SQUID
detector while the sample moves upward, from the initialization position, through the SQUID pickup
coils. This upward movement through the SQUID pickup coils completes one vertical scan. Voltage
readings that are taken as a function of the sample’s position in the coils comprise the raw measure-
ment data. At each position in the coils, MPMS MultiVu typically reads the SQUID output voltage
several times, and MPMS MultiVu can average together multiple scans in order to improve the
measurement resolution. MPMS MultiVu saves the raw measurement data to the active raw data, or
.raw, file. After collecting the raw voltages, MPMS MultiVu computes the magnetic moment of the
sample and saves the magnetic moment to the active measurement data, or .dat, file.
The magnetic moment calibration for the MPMS is determined by measuring a palladium standard
over a range of magnetic fields and by then adjusting the system calibration factors to obtain the
correct moment for the standard. The standard is a right circular cylinder approximately 3 mm in
diameter × 3 mm in height. Due to the geometry of the SQUID pickup coils, samples of this size or
smaller are effectively point sources to an accuracy of approximately 0.1%.

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Section 3.3 Chapter 3
Measuring the Sample Sample Measurement

3.3 Measuring the Sample

The procedures in this section explain how you use the standard sample transport to perform a manual,
or immediate, DC sample measurement. Section 5.4 explains how you automate DC measurements
by running a sequence. The Magnetic Property Measurement System: AC Option User’s Manual
explains how you perform an AC sample measurement. The Magnetic Property Measurement System:
Reciprocating Sample Option User’s Manual explains how you perform an RSO sample measurement
and how you use the RSO sample transport.

3.3.1 Attach the Sample

The type, size, and geometry of a sample determine the method you use to attach it to the sample
rod. This section explains how you use a clear plastic drinking straw to attach a sample. The straw
has minimal magnetic susceptibility and is thus a useful means of attaching a sample. The MPMS
Hardware Reference Manual describes other techniques you can use to attach samples.
Complete the following steps to attach the sample to the sample rod:
1. Cut off a small section of a clear plastic drinking straw. The section must be small enough to fit
lengthwise inside the straw.
2. Weigh and measure the sample. After you insert the sample into the sample chamber, you can
use the SamplehDescription option to define the sample’s mass, in milligrams, and its diameter
and length, in millimeters.
3. Use phenolic tweezers to place the sample inside the small straw segment.
4. Hold the straw segment so that its two
open ends are vertical.
5. Place the straw segment inside the drink-
ing straw, and move the segment until it
is in approximately the middle of the
length of the straw. Verify that the walls
of the straw obstruct the open ends of the
segment. Refer to figure 3-1.
6. Wrap a sufficient amount of tape around
the brass-colored end of the sample rod so
that the drinking straw will fit snugly over
the rod. Quantum Design recommends Figure 3-1. Correctly Positioned Sample
using Kapton tape.
7. Place the end of the drinking straw over the tape on the sample rod, and then use additional tape
to securely attach the straw to the rod.
8. Place a small piece of tape over the exposed end of the drinking straw. This extra piece of tape
prevents a loose sample from falling into the sample chamber.
9. Move the slide seal plug up and down part of the sample rod to verify that the rod is well
lubricated. If the plug does not move easily, apply a small amount of Apiezon H Grease to the
rod. Run your fingers along the length of the rod to ensure a light, even coating of grease.

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Chapter 3 Section 3.3
Sample Measurement Measuring the Sample

3.3.2 Insert the Sample

1. Turn the airlock lever on the electronic control assembly counterclockwise so that it is horizontal
and in the “Closed” position (see figure 3-2). The MPMS vents the airlock space, which is the
portion of the sample chamber located above the airlock valve.
When the airlock lever is closed, it closes the airlock value that is near the top of the sample
chamber, thus protecting the lower portion of the chamber from air flowing into the top of
the chamber.

Figure 3-2. Sample Transport and Electronic Control Assembly

2. Wait for the MPMS to vent the airlock space. The yellow “Venting” LED (figure 3-2) flashes
on and off while the system vents the space and remains off when the space is vented. The green
“Ready” LED does not turn on.
3. Push the two slide seal clamps on the socket block assembly (see figures 3-2 and 3-3) so that the
handles of the clamps face the front of the MPMS. When the clamp handles face the front of the
MPMS, the airlock plug is unlocked and may be removed from the opening of the airlock space.
4. Remove the airlock plug, which has an anodized, blue coating. Store the plug in a safe place.

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Measuring the Sample Sample Measurement

5. Verify that three O-rings are on top of the socket block assembly (see figure 3-3). If necessary,
stand on a stool or small ladder so that you can examine the top of the socket block. Reinsert any
missing O-rings.
The large O-ring at the mouth of the airlock space occasionally sticks to the sample rod when the
rod is removed from the sample chamber.

Never insert the sample rod into the sample chamber if the O-rings on the
top of the socket block assembly are missing. The O-rings prevent air from
pumping into the chamber. Air pumped into the chamber can damage the
vacuum pump and freeze the sample.
WARNING

Figure 3-3. O-Rings on Socket Block Assembly

6. Move the slide seal plug down the sample rod until the plug rests just above the sample holder.
7. Lower the sample rod into the airlock space.
8. Move the slide seal plug down the sample rod until the plug rests on top of the socket block
assembly. If necessary, adjust the position of the slide seal clamps to correctly seat the plug.
9. Turn the slide seal plug until the white dot on the plug faces the front of the MPMS. When the
white dot faces the front of the MPMS, the proper amount of gas flows through the slide seal.
10. Push the two slide seal clamps completely outward or inward. When the handles of the clamps
do not face the front of the MPMS, the clamps lock the slide seal plug in position by forcing it
downward against the three O-rings.
11. Press the “Purge Airlock” button on the electronic control assembly (see figure 3-2). The
MPMS purges the airlock space and cycles through the purge sequence four times. The yellow
“Venting” LED turns on during the purge.
12. Wait for the MPMS to purge the airlock space. The green “Ready” LED turns on when the purge
sequence is complete.
If the “Ready” LED does not turn on, the airlock space may have a leak. Missing or improperly
seated O-rings may cause the leak. Perform the following steps to check for a leak: (a) Select
InstrumenthChamberhVent Sample Space to vent the sample chamber; (b) remove the
sample rod when the “Venting” LED turns off; and (c) verify that the O-rings are properly seated
and lubricated. If necessary, correctly seat and lubricate the O-rings.

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Sample Measurement Measuring the Sample

13. Turn the airlock lever clockwise so that it is vertical and in the “Open” position. When the lever
is in the “Open” position, it opens the airlock value.
14. Lower the sample rod gently and slowly until the black slide clamp on the rod engages the
actuator shoe on top of the sample transport. Figure 3-2 illustrates the actuator shoe. When the
slide clamp engages the actuator shoe, the rod is fully inserted into the sample chamber.
The knurled nut must be near the top of the sample rod or you will be unable to fully insert the
rod into the sample chamber. If necessary, loosen the nut, and then move it until it is 1 to 2
inches from the top of the rod.
15. Loosen the two clip screws on top of the actuator shoe until the screw threads are visible.
Do not remove the screws.
16. Rotate the slide clamp so that its two curved slots hook around the clip screws. If necessary,
continue to loosen the clip screws until the slide clamp is properly seated.
17. Tighten the clip screws. The clip screws secure the sample rod to the actuator shoe, so the
sample transport can move the rod vertically.

3.3.3 Define the Sample Parameters

Defining the sample parameters is optional; Table 3-1. Sample Parameters
MPMS MultiVu does not read the parameters
during the measurement. However, if you ACCEPTED DEFAULT
want to save the parameters to a measurement PARAMETER VALUES VALUE
data file, you must define them before specify-
Mass 0−10,000 mg 1 mg
ing the base name of the data file and before
running the measurement. MPMS MultiVu Diameter 0−9 mm 1mm
saves sample parameter data to a data file
header only while creating the data file. Length 0−100 mm 1 mm

Complete the following steps to define the sample parameters:

1. Select SamplehDescription. The Sample Description dialog box opens.

2. Verify that the Sample Installed check box is

selected. If necessary, click once on the check
box.
3. Enter a descriptive name for the sample.
Unknown is the default name until a name is
specified. The name you enter is the name under
which MPMS MultiVu stores all information
about the sample and the measurement.
4. Enter the mass, in milligrams, of the sample.
5. Enter the diameter, in millimeters, of the sample.
6. Enter the length, in millimeters, of the sample.
7. Define the shape of the sample.
Figure 3-4. Sample Description 8. Enter a comment if you want to include a com-
Dialog Box ment in the data file header. A comment may
have up to 63 characters.
9. Select OK.

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Measuring the Sample Sample Measurement

3.3.4 Center the Sample

The sample must be centered in the SQUID pickup coils to ensure that all four coils sense the magnetic
moment of the sample. If the sample is not centered, the coils read only part of the magnetic moment.
The MPMS can run a full DC centering measurement or a partial DC centering measurement. System
operation during a full centering measurement is factory defined; the MPMS scans the entire length of
the sample transport’s vertical travel path, and MPMS MultiVu reads the maximum number of data
points. System operation during a partial centering measurement is defined by the values you set for
the scan and SQUID parameters. During a partial centering measurement, the MPMS scans only the
distance you specify, and MPMS MultiVu reads only the number of data points you specify.
The parameter values set for a partial centering measurement are set for any subsequent sample mea-
surements. A partial centering measurement therefore indicates whether the sample will be centered
during the sample measurement. Before you measure the sample, you should run a partial centering
measurement.

Table 3-2. Scan Parameters

ACCEPTED VALUES

PARAMETER CENTERING SCAN FULL SCAN DEFINITION

Scan Length 0.1−12 cm 12 cm Length of sample transport’s

vertical travel path that is scanned.
Sample is centered when it is in
middle of scan length.
Data Points 2−64 64 Individual voltage readings plot-
ting response curve in centering
scan data file.
Autotracking Enabled Enabled Automatic tracking and adjustment
Disabled Disabled of sample position to keep sample
centered in SQUID coils. Auto-
tracking compensates for thermal
expansion and contraction in
sample rod.

Table 3-3. SQUID Parameters

ACCEPTED VALUES

PARAMETER CENTERING SCAN FULL SCAN DEFINITION

Measurement Longitudinal Longitudinal SQUID axis from which measure-

Axis Transverse ments are taken.
EMU Range Autoranging Autoranging Autoranging allows EMU range to
Normal Normal be changed as necessary so that it
Extended Extended is appropriate for SQUID output.
EMU range is sensitivity value
indicating maximum magnetic
moment MPMS can measure with-
out saturating SQUID detector.

Sections 3.3.4.1 through 3.3.4.4 explain how you center the sample.

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Sample Measurement Measuring the Sample

3.3.4.1 INITIALIZE THE SAMPLE TRANSPORT

1. Select CenterhDC. The DC Centering dialog box opens. The Status panel at the top of the
dialog box indicates the status of an on-going centering measurement and the result of the last
centering measurement. The Control panel contains the centering command buttons. The
function of each button is summarized to the right of the button.

Figure 3-5. DC Centering Dialog Box

2. Select Initialize Transport. The MPMS initializes, or calibrates, the sample transport by first
lowering it to the lower-travel-limit switch, which is defined as zero, and then raising it until it is
in a known position that is just above the lower-travel-limit switch. When the transport is in this
known position, it is correctly located to begin centering the sample. The initialization position
places the sample far enough below the pickup coils that the SQUID does not detect the sample
moment.
If autotracking is enabled when you initialize the transport, the MPMS initializes the transport
by moving it to a position far enough above the lower-travel-limit switch in order to allow adjust-
ments for any shrinkage that occurs in the sample rod. This position corresponds to a 0.5-cm
offset when the sample chamber is at room temperature. To enable autotracking, select Centerh
DChParametershAutotracking. Refer to section 3.3.4.2 below.

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Measuring the Sample Sample Measurement

3.3.4.2 DEFINE THE PARAMETERS

1. Select Parameters in the DC Centering dialog box. The DC Center Parameters dialog box
opens and displays the value of each scan and SQUID parameter MPMS MultiVu uses during a
partial centering measurement.

Figure 3-6. DC Center Parameters Dialog Box

2. Enter the length, in centimeters, of the scan. The default length of a partial centering measure-
ment is 6 cm. During a full centering measurement, the MPMS scans the complete travel path,
which is 12 cm.
3. Enter the number of data points that MPMS MultiVu reads during the scan. The default number
of data points read during a partial centering measurement is 32. During a full centering mea-
surement, MPMS MultiVu reads the maximum number of data points, which is 64.
4. Verify that autotracking is enabled. If necessary, click once on the Autotracking check box.

Disable autotracking only if you are working with a sample that is very
sensitive to centering or if you are using a custom-built sample rod.
NOTE Quantum Design used a normal sample rod and a quartz sample holder
to develop the sample-tracking algorithms. Sample holders and rods that
respond to temperature differently than brass, steel, or quartz exhibit
greater variations in the position of the sample.

5. Select the SQUID axis from which MPMS MultiVu takes measurements. The Transverse axis
option is enabled only if the Transverse SQUID is installed. During a full centering measure-
ment, MPMS MultiVu uses the longitudinal SQUID axis.
6. Verify that autoranging is enabled. If necessary, click once on the Use Autoranging check box.

Disable autoranging only if you know the sample’s approximate EMU value
and you want to define the normal or extended EMU range most closely
NOTE matching that value. The Extended EMU range option is enabled only if the
Extended Range (EDR) option is installed.

7. Select OK. The DC Center Parameters dialog box closes, and the DC Centering dialog box
appears again.

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Sample Measurement Measuring the Sample

3.3.4.3 RUN THE CENTERING MEASUREMENT

1. Select Full DC Scan or Center in the DC Centering dialog box.
• Full DC Scan runs a full centering measurement, which covers the complete length of the
sample transport’s travel path. A full centering measurement always locates the sample.
• Center runs a partial centering measurement. A partial centering measurement locates the
sample only if the sample is within the section of the travel path that is scanned.
As soon as you initiate the centering measurement, the sample transport moves upward, carrying
the sample through the pickup coils. While the sample moves through the coils, MPMS MultiVu
measures the SQUID’s response to the magnetic moment of the sample and saves all data from
the centering measurement to the centering scan data, or center.dc.lastscan, file. Status
messages appearing at the top of the DC Centering dialog box identify the specific task MPMS
MultiVu is performing. Figure 3-7 on the following page illustrates the progress of a centering
measurement.
During a partial centering measurement, MPMS MultiVu uses the iterative regression algorithm
to calculate the magnetic moment of the sample. During a full centering measurement, MPMS
MultiVu uses the full scan algorithm. If the iterative regression algorithm cannot center the
signal, MPMS MultiVu substitutes the linear regression algorithm. The centering measurement
continues uninterrupted. Section 3.4 discusses the measurement algorithms in detail.
When the centering measurement is complete, the Moment box in the DC Centering dialog
box displays the new sample moment, and the Center Position box indicates the sample’s new
position. The center.dc.lastscan file opens as a graph that plots the SQUID’s voltage
response and the regression fit to that response against the length of the scan.
2. Examine the plot of the center.dc.lastscan file to determine whether the sample is
centered in the SQUID pickup coils. Refer to figure 3-7. The sample is centered when the peak
of the large, middle curve is within 0.05 cm of the half-way point of the scan length. In a 6-cm
scan, for example, the sample is centered when the peak of the middle curve is within 0.05 cm
of the 3-cm point.
The shape of the plot is a function of the geometry of the pickup coils. The coils are wound in
a second-derivative configuration in which the single-turn, positively charged upper and lower
coils are counterwound with respect to the two-turn, negatively charged center coil. In the plot,
the large, middle curve is the reading from the two center coils. The smaller first and third
curves are the readings from the first and fourth coils, respectively.
The second-derivative configuration strongly rejects interference from nearby magnetic sources
and lets the MPMS function without a superconducting shield around the pickup coils.
3. Select Full DC Scan if the MPMS just ran a partial centering measurement but did not locate
the sample. After the full centering measurement runs, examine the plot of the center.dc
.lastscan file. Refer to step 2.
4. Select Center if the MPMS just ran a full centering measurement or has not yet run a partial
centering measurement. After the partial centering measurement runs, examine the plot of the
center.dc.lastscan file. Refer to step 2.
You may abort a centering measurement at any time. Simply select the Abort button located at the
bottom of the DC Centering dialog box. After the measurement aborts, Measurement aborted
appears in the Status panel at the top of the dialog box.

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Measuring the Sample Sample Measurement

Figure 3-7. DC Centering Measurement and Measured SQUID Voltage Response

Figure 3-7a illustrates the sample moving upward through the SQUID pickup coils. Figure 3-7b
illustrates MPMS MultiVu measuring the SQUID response while the sample moves through the coils.
Figure 3-7c plots the SQUID response against the scan length; the output in figure 3-7c indicates that
the sample is too high and must be lowered. Figure 3-7d illustrates a centered sample. In figure 3-7d,
the scan begins one-half scan length below the center coils.

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Sample Measurement Measuring the Sample

3.3.4.4 ADJUST THE SAMPLE POSITION

1. Select Adjust Position in the DC Centering dialog box if the sample is not centered in the
SQUID pickup coils. Adjust Position opens the Adjust Sample Position dialog box.

Figure 3-8. Adjust Sample Position Dialog Box

2. Enter, in centimeters, the correct position of the sample if the computed position displayed in the
Sample Location text box is incorrect.
3. Verify that the Perform scan after adjustment check box is selected. If necessary, click once
on the check box.
4. Select Adjust Automatically. The MPMS adjusts the position of the sample so that the center
peak of the SQUID’s voltage response is within 0.1 cm of half the length of the scan. The
MPMS then runs a partial centering measurement. A plot of the center.dc.lastscan file
opens when the centering measurement is complete.
If automatic adjustment is outside the limits of the transport mechanism and the RSO option is
not installed, a pop-up message tells you to adjust the position manually. Select Adjust
Manually in the Adjust Sample Position dialog box and then follow the on-screen instructions.
• Lower the sample if the peak of the large, middle curve in the center.dc.lastscan
file is to the left of the half-way point of the scan length.
• Raise the sample if the peak is to the right of the half-way point of the scan length.
5. Select Close, and then select Close again to close the DC Centering dialog box.

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Measuring the Sample Sample Measurement

3.3.5 Measure the Sample

When you initiate an immediate-mode measurement, MPMS MultiVu measures the sample at the
current system conditions without waiting for any conditions to stabilize. If you want to ensure that
system conditions are stable when the measurement begins, run the measurement in a sequence and
use appropriate sequence commands to stabilize system conditions. Refer to section 5.4.
Sections 3.3.5.1 through 3.3.5.3 explain how you run a measurement in immediate mode. Before
running a measurement, you may want to refer to section 3.5, “Measurement Considerations.”

3.3.5.1 DEFINE THE PARAMETERS

1. Select MeasurehDC. The Measure DC dialog box opens. The Status panel at the top of the
dialog box indicates the status of an on-going measurement and the result of the last measure-
ment. The Control panel lists the scan and SQUID parameters MPMS MultiVu uses during a
measurement and identifies which data files will store the measurement data.
Table 3-2 defines the scan parameters. Table 3-3 defines the SQUID parameters.

Avoid radically modifying the scan and SQUID parameters before you run
the sample measurement. By using identical parameter values for the partial
centering measurement and the sample measurement, you help ensure that the
sample remains centered and that the partial centering measurement
CAUTION accurately reflects the conditions of the sample measurement.

Figure 3-9. Measure DC Dialog Box

2. Enter the length, in centimeters, of the scan if the specified scan length is inappropriate for the
measurement.
3. Enter the number of scans that MPMS MultiVu runs and averages together. The MPMS can run
from 1 to 50 scans. Specify a large number if the sample is data sensitive or has an extremely
small signal. Specify a small number if the sample or experiment is time sensitive. A large
number of scans, by including changes that occur in the data, produces more reliable data.
When two or more scans run as part of one measurement, MPMS MultiVu computes the average
sample moment and standard deviation of each scan and then averages the values of the scans.

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Sample Measurement Measuring the Sample

4. Enter the number of data points that MPMS MultiVu reads during the scan if the specified
number is inappropriate for the measurement. The data points plot the response curve appearing
in the active measurement data, or .dat, file.
5. Verify that autotracking is enabled. If necessary, click once on the Autotracking check box.

Disable autotracking only if you are working with a sample that is very
sensitive to centering or if you are using a custom-built sample rod.
NOTE Quantum Design used a normal sample rod and a quartz sample holder
to develop the sample-tracking algorithms. Sample holders and rods that
respond to temperature differently than brass, steel, or quartz exhibit
greater variations in the position of the sample.

6. Select the SQUID axis from which MPMS MultiVu takes measurements. The Transverse axis
option is enabled only if the Transverse SQUID option is installed.
7. Select the measurement algorithm MPMS MultiVu uses to calculate the magnetic moment of
the sample. Section 3.4 discusses the measurement algorithms in detail.
8. Verify that autoranging is enabled. If necessary, click once on the Use Autoranging check box.

Disable autoranging only if you know the sample’s approximate EMU value
and you want to define the normal or extended EMU range most closely
NOTE matching that value. The Extended EMU range option is enabled only if the
Extended Range (EDR) option is installed.

3.3.5.2 SELECT THE DATA FILES

1. Select Change if you want to save measurement data to a file other than the measurement data,
or .dat, file currently selected to store immediate-mode measurement data. The name of the
selected .dat file appears in the Data File panel, which is to the left of the Change button.
Change opens the Select or Enter a New DC Data File dialog box. The dialog box lists the
names of all .dat files. You can select a file and then select Open, or you can enter the base
name of a file in the File name text box, and then select Open. The full name of the .dat file
you select or create appears in the Data File panel.
You must create a new .dat file if you want to save the sample parameter data you entered
in section 3.3.3 to a .dat file. MPMS MultiVu saves sample parameter data to a data file
header only while creating the .dat file. Consequently, there may not be an existing data file
containing sample parameter data identifying your sample. If you want to append data to an
existing .dat file, try to select a file whose header information identifies your sample.
2. Verify that the Include Diagnostics Data check box is selected if you want to save diagnostic
measurement data to a diagnostic data, or .diag, file. If necessary, click once on the check
box.
3. Verify that the Include Raw Data check box is selected if you want to save raw measurement
data to a raw data, or .raw, file. If necessary, click once on the check box.

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Measuring the Sample Sample Measurement

3.3.5.3 RUN THE MEASUREMENT

To run a measurement, select Measure in the Measure DC dialog box. The measurement begins.
The sample transport moves upward, carrying the sample through the pickup coils. While the sample
moves through the coils, MPMS MultiVu measures the SQUID’s response to the magnetic moment of
the sample. If autoranging is disabled, the MPMS repeats each measurement until it locates the EMU
range that accommodates the SQUID’s sensitivity. MPMS MultiVu saves all data from the measure-
ment to the active data files. Status messages appearing at the top of the Measure DC dialog box
identify the specific task MPMS MultiVu is performing.
If the iterative regression algorithm is selected but iterative regression cannot center the signal, MPMS
MultiVu substitutes the linear regression algorithm. The measurement continues uninterrupted.
When the measurement is complete, the Moment box in the Measure DC dialog box displays
the new sample moment, and the Standard Deviation box displays the new standard deviation.
You may abort a measurement at any time. Simply select the Abort button located at the bottom of
the Measure DC dialog box. The measurement aborts as quickly as possible, although it does not
abort in the middle of a scan, but waits until the scan is complete. MPMS MultiVu collects all
available data from the aborted measurement and stores the data in the active data files. After the
measurement aborts, Measurement aborted appears in the Status panel at the top of the Measure DC
dialog box.

3.3.5.4 VIEW THE DATA FILES

Selecting the View button in the Measure DC dialog box can open any data file that is selected to
store the immediate-mode measurement data. View opens the Select a Data File dialog box. By
default, the dialog box lists the names of only the files that are either actively storing measurement
data or that will store data the next time a measurement runs. The files share the identical base name.
When you select a data file, and then select the Open button, the graph view of the data file opens.
You may open a new data file you have selected to store immediate-mode measurement data even
before you run a measurement. If you specify a new base file name and then select the View button,
MPMS MultiVu creates the .dat file and the file’s associated .lastscan file. MPMS MultiVu
also creates the .diag and .raw files if you have selected the Include Diagnostics Data and
Include Raw Data options. All the new files are blank; they contain only the header information,
which defines the default graph format. Once you open a new file, you can modify the default graph
format. New files remain blank until you run a measurement.

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Sample Measurement Measurement Algorithms

3.4 Measurement Algorithms

After MPMS MultiVu collects the raw measurement data, it uses a measurement algorithm to compute
the sample’s magnetic moment. Three measurement algorithms are available: iterative regression,
linear regression, and full scan. The algorithms should work effectively if MPMS MultiVu collects 24
data points during the scan, although MPMS MultiVu can collect up to 64 data points.
Table 3-4 summarizes the operation of the measurement algorithms and indicates when you should use
each algorithm. The following sections discuss the algorithms in more detail.

Table 3-4. Summary of Functions of Measurement Algorithms

ALGORITHM DEFINITION WHEN TO USE

Iterative Regression Calculates magnetic moment by • To perform short, high-precision

mathematically fitting analytical curve scans with few data points.
to measurement response data.
Default measurement algorithm • To perform fast measurements
during partial centering measurement. that are relatively insensitive to
noise and drift.
• To measure very small, noisy, or
off-center signals.
Linear Regression Calculates magnetic moment by • To perform short, high-precision
mathematically fitting analytical curve scans with few data points.
to measurement response data and by
assuming sample is properly centered. • To measure very small, noisy, or
Used during partial centering off-center signals.
measurement if iterative regression
cannot center signal.
Full Scan Calculates magnetic moment by • To perform full centering
building response curve as sample measurement.
moves through full length of pickup
coils and by then computing weighted • To locate sample within pickup
summation of all points in scan. coils.
Default measurement algorithm
during full centering measurement.

3.4.1 Iterative Regression Algorithm

The iterative regression algorithm calculates the magnetic moment of the sample by mathematically
fitting an analytical curve to the measurement response data. By fitting the curve to the data, the
iterative regression algorithm can accommodate variations in the sample’s position that are caused
by the thermal expansion of the sample rod. The use of an analytical curve also allows short, high-
precision scans that have relatively few data points. The iterative regression algorithm thus permits
fast measurements that are less sensitive to noise and drift than measurements performed with the
full scan algorithm.

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Measurement Algorithms Sample Measurement

The iterative regression algorithm is the default measurement algorithm during a partial centering
measurement. MPMS MultiVu substitutes the linear regression algorithm only if the iterative
regression algorithm cannot center the signal. Iterative regression cannot locate the signal if the
signal is beyond a certain tolerance.
During a measurement, you select the iterative regression algorithm if you require short, high-precision
scans with few data points, or if you require fast measurements that are relatively insensitive to noise
and drift. You also select the iterative regression algorithm if you are measuring very small, noisy,
or off-center signals. You should avoid selecting the iterative regression algorithm if the scan length
includes most of the sample transport’s travel path. Iterative regression⎯because it tries to fit data
to an ideal curve⎯has difficulty calculating the sample moment when the scan length is large.

3.4.2 Linear Regression Algorithm

The linear regression algorithm calculates the magnetic moment of the sample by mathematically
fitting an analytical curve to the measurement response data and by assuming the sample is properly
centered. The use of an analytical curve allows short, high-precision scans that have relatively few
data points. Regression calculations eliminate noise effectively. The linear regression algorithm thus
permits fast measurements that are less sensitive to noise and drift than measurements performed with
the full scan algorithm. MPMS MultiVu substitutes the linear regression algorithm if the iterative
regression algorithm cannot center the signal.
During a measurement, you select the linear regression algorithm if you require short, high-precision
scans with few data points, or if you are measuring very small, noisy, or off-center signals.

3.4.3 Full Scan Algorithm

The full scan algorithm calculates the magnetic moment of the sample by building a response curve
as the sample moves through the full length of the SQUID pickup coils and by then computing a
weighted summation of all points in the scan. The sample moment is computed as the square root of
the sum of the squares, normalized for the number of data points and the system calibration factors.
This analysis works well when the signal is larger than the noise in the system. However, when the
response of the sample is comparable to the system noise, the full scan algorithm, because of its
squaring process, effectively sums the system noise as well as the sample response instead of trying
to average the noise to zero.
The full scan algorithm is the default measurement algorithm during a full centering measurement.
The MPMS always locates the sample during a full scan, so MPMS MultiVu never substitutes another
algorithm while a full scan is in progress.
During a measurement, you select the full scan algorithm if the MPMS will perform a full scan of
the sample transport’s travel path, or if the MPMS has not located the sample within the pickup coils.
You select the iterative regression algorithm or linear regression algorithm instead of the full scan
algorithm if you are measuring very small, noisy, or off-center signals. The full scan algorithm
does not analyze very small signals as effectively as the iterative regression and linear regression
algorithms.

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Sample Measurement Multiple Measure Sequence Command

3.5 Measurement Considerations

If a single scan takes too long, low-frequency drifts, which degrade the data, occur in the SQUID
detector. Consequently, you should average together several short scans rather than try to collect a
large number of data points during a single, lengthy scan. Quantum Design recommends that you
average at least 10 to 12 readings at each point. You want to take as much data as possible during a
single scan without unduly extending the time required to complete the scan. An individual reading
of the SQUID output takes approximately 5 milliseconds, and it takes approximately 1 second to move
the sample and allow the filter in the SQUID electronics to settle. The time required to move the
sample can be reduced somewhat, but this reduction does not decrease the filter settling time for the
SQUID electronics. The scan length and the number of data points collected determine the spacing
between each pair of data points.
Collecting a number of data points that is an integral power of 2 may be advantageous if you anticipate
that more unusual data processing may be performed on the raw data at a later date. Using an integral
power of 2 for the number of data points may be required when you use Fast Fourier Transform
routines. Otherwise, the MPMS has no specific requirement on the number of data points collected.
The values defining the measurement parameters significantly affect the accuracy of a measurement
when you measure samples producing signals that are either slightly larger or slightly smaller than the
instrument noise. The values defining the measurement parameters affect the accuracy of a measure-
ment less significantly when you measure samples producing large signals.

3.6 Multiple Measure Sequence Command

A new feature—the Multiple Measure sequence command—has been implemented in revision 1.52
of the MPMS MultiVu software. The Multiple Measure sequence command performs a user-
specified number of measurements (of type DC or RSO) and reports the average moment, standard
error, and other statistical figures for the population of those measurements. With this command, the
user can collect time-dependent statistical measurement data from the MPMS instrument. In addition,
the user can set the command to reject measurements that deviate from the average of the overall data
set. Thus, the feature allows the user to reject spurious measurements (noise or artifacts) from the data
population. Such problem measurements may arise from magnet-flux jumps, external vibrations, and
so on, which are most commonly observed when running magnetization versus field loops (see MPMS
Application Note #1014-820) while detecting low-moment samples (see MPMS Application Note
#1014-822).

3.6.1 Compatibility
The Multiple Measure command does not alter the way that the MPMS system performs the actual
measurement. It only coordinates the running and collection of the measurement data and the
calculation of the statistics for that collection. The statistical data is recorded in a file that is separate
from the measurement file. The new data file has the same base name as the measurement data file but
the file extension is .ndat (e.g., mydata.dc.ndat). One line item is written to the .ndat file for
every Multiple Measure command that is completed.

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Section 3.6 Chapter 3
Multiple Measure Sequence Command Sample Measurement

The Multiple Measure command is compatible with the Automated Background Subtraction
feature of the MPMS system. However, there are difficulties in using the In Order search method
when applying a background data file, because the Multiple Measure command can reject a deviant
measurement and collect another as a substitute. Such substitute measurements may not track with the
correct data in the background data file. Therefore, it is recommended that the In Order search
method not be used with the Multiple Measure command. All other search methods will work
properly.

3.6.2 Accessing and Using Multiple Measure Command

The Multiple Measure command is a sequence command. Hence, it is located in the Measure
Commands section of the Sequence Command bar, which is shown in Figure 3-10. The following
section explains how to access and use the Multiple Measure command.

1. In the main MultiVu window,

select File >> New Sequence
(or Sequence >> New).
2. When the Sequence
Command panel opens, click
on the plus (+) sign next to
the Measure Commands
section.
3. When the list of commands
appears, double click on the
Multiple Measure command.
The Multiple Measurement
Command dialog box will
open (see Figure 3-11).

Figure 3-10. MPMS MultiVu Window, Sequence Commands panel,

and new sequence file

The Multiple Measurement Command dialog box is used to specify the Type of measurement to
perform and the Number of measurements to be collected.

Figure 3-11. Multiple Measuremeant dialog box set up to perform RSO

measurements.

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Sample Measurement Multiple Measure Sequence Command

In Figure 3-11, the dialog box is set to perform 10 RSO measurements. Additional specifications can
be made by using the Parameters and Advanced buttons on the right side of the dialog box.
Clicking on the Parameters button opens the standard dialog box for the type of measurement you
chose. Here you can specify details about the measurements that you want taken.
For example, because the Multiple Measurement Command dialog box in Figure 3-11 is set up for
RSO measurements, clicking on the Parameters button produces the Measure RSO dialog box, as
shown in Figure 3-12. In this example, a typical RSO measurement will consist of a 4 cm center scan
at 1 Hz with 5 cycles per scan and 3 scans per measurement. For every measurement, the usual
information will be recorded in the .dat, .raw, and .diag files.

Figure 3-12. Measure RSO dialog box for setting measurement parameters

The Advanced button acts differently. If you click on the Advanced button, the Multiple
Measurement Command dialog box (Figure 3-11) expands to show a Measurement Rejection
Criteria panel (see Figure 3-13). In this panel you can specify the criteria that will be used to reject
individual measurements from the data that is collected. You can set two rejection criteria:

• the maximum number of measurements that are to be rejected

• the number of standard deviations that is permitted before a measurement moment is a

candidate for rejection

Figure 3-13. Multiple Measurement Command dialog box after the Advanced button has been selected.
Note the Measurement Rejection Criteria panel in the lower half of the window.

For your reference, the Multiple Measurement Command dialog box also shows an estimate (Est.
maximum time to complete) of the time that it will take to perform the number of measurements you

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Section 3.6 Chapter 3
Multiple Measure Sequence Command Sample Measurement

specified. This estimate includes the time that will be needed to take any necessary extra
measurements.
As depicted in Figure 3-13, the Multiple Measurement Command is set to perform 10 RSO type
measurements. The Multiple Measurement Command also is set to reject a maximum of two deviant
measurements and to reject measurement values that are more than two standard deviations from the
mean.
After the measurements have been completed, the program computes the average (Mbar) and standard
deviation (SDM) from the collection of moment values. Next, the program determines the moment
value that deviates most from the average. If the value deviates by more than the maximum limit that
the user set, that moment value is removed from the array of data. Then the program initiates another
RSO measurement, which is added to the collection, and Mbar and SDM are recomputed.
As long as the user-specified number of rejections has not been reached, the program will again
determine the most deviant moment value. If the deviant value exceeds the average by more than the
specified number of standard deviations, it is rejected, another measurement is made, and Mbar and
SDM are recomputed. If necessary, this process continues until the maximum number of data
rejections has been reached. The final Mbar and SDM are recorded in the .ndat file.
For the data collected with the settings in Figure 3-13, a maximum of two measurements could be
removed, and a measurement would have to be more than two standard deviations larger or smaller
than the mean value before it would be rejected.

3.6.3 Checking the Status of a Multiple-Measure Command

When a Multiple Measure sequence command is executed, the command continues until the specified
number of measurements has been completed.
To see the status of the current sequence command, open the Control Center (View >> Control
Center), which appears at the left of the MultiVu window. The Control Center shows whether a
command is running or complete; the type of measurement being taken; the sequential number of that
measurement; and if extra measurements were taken.
As illustrated in Figure 3-14, the Sample is Unnamed, and the name of the Selected Sequence,
Sequence1.seq, is that of the open sequence file.
The Sequence Base Data File Name is TestData1. As each of the 10+ measurements is completed, it
is stored in a standard data file named TestData1.rso.dat.

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Sample Measurement Multiple Measure Sequence Command

Figure 3-14. MPMS MultiVu window showing Control Center panel (left side), Sequence Commands, and
sequence file

When the Multiple Measurement Command has performed the specified number of measurements
and ended, the statistical data will be stored in a data file named TestData1.rso.ndat.
The Sequence Status section of the Control Center shows that the command is "Running"; that RSO
measurements are being made; and that the measurement is number 1 of 10 (e.g., MeasRSO 1/10). If
one extra (substitute) measurement had been taken, the MeasRSO status reading would be 11/10 (i.e.,
MeasRSO 11/10).
If a measurement meets the rejection criteria and is removed from the array of data that was used to
compute Mbar and SDM, an entry is made in the Event Log:
00:45:13 06/08/01 INFO Rejectable measurement found at position: 1,
timestamp: 991986148.703000
00:45:13 06/08/01 INFO Measurement rejected.

The position of the rejected measurement is relative to its order in the data. The timestamp
corresponds to the time that is recorded in the measurement .dat file for that measurement.

3.6.4 Reading the Statistical Data (.ndat) File

Recall that the Multiple Measure command records the results of a statistical analysis of the
population of measurement results into a file that has the base name of the individual measurement
data file (.dat), but the statistical data file ends with the .ndat extension.
One data line (or record) is written to the .ndat file for each completed Multiple Measure
command. To see the statistical data for the measurements, open the .ndat file and select View >>
Record. Figure 3-15 illustrates a data record and its layout. The data fields are defined as follows:

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Section 3.6 Chapter 3
Multiple Measure Sequence Command Sample Measurement

Time: The time stamp corresponding to

the completion of the first measurement
in the collection
Comment: The measurements, if any,
that were deviant and rejected. In the
example, the 6th value was rejected,
then the 10th value was rejected.
Field: The magnetic field present when
the Multiple Measure command
started.
Avg. Temperature: The average of all
the temperatures for the individual
measurements in the collection.
Avg. Moment: The average of all the
moment values for the individual
measurements in the collection.

Figure 3-15. Contents of the statistical data file for

record #10 of quartzVR1.rso. Note the .ndat
ending for the file name

Avg. Scan Std. Dev.: The average of all the scan standard deviation values for the individual
measurements in the collection
Standard Error: The standard deviation of the individual measurements in the collection from the
mean of the population moment (m) values, computed using the following equation:

n n

`S.E. =
1
n −1 [∑ 2
mi − (∑ mi ) 2 ]
1
n
i =1 i =1
Note: This value is not to be confused with the average of the scan standard deviations.
Number of Measurements: The number of measurements (as specified in the Multiple Measurement
Command dialog box)
Maximum Num. Meas. to Reject: The maximum number of measurements that could be rejected (as
specified in the Multiple Measurement Command dialog box)
Num. Std. Dev. for Reject: The rejection criterion (the allowable number of standard deviations before
a measurement is rejected, as specified in the Multiple Measurement Command dialog box). If an
individual moment value deviates from the average moment of the collection by more than this value,
it will be removed from the collection if the Maximum Num. Meas. to Reject value has not already
been reached.
Number Meas. Rejected: The number of individual moment values that were rejected and removed
from the collection, causing additional measurements to be taken. This number cannot exceed
Maximum Num. Meas. to Reject.

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Sample Measurement Multiple Measure Sequence Command

Deviate Meas. Exists: The presence of at least one moment value within the collection that still meets
the rejection criterion (exceeds the specified maximum number of standard deviations from the
average moment) after the maximum number of moment values has been rejected. Note, the position
of this deviant measurement will be listed last in the Comment filed.
RSO Position (Data field 15)—Scans per Measurement (Data field 19): Measurement-specific (DC or
RSO) parameters
Delta Temp (K): The difference between the largest and smallest temperatures reported for all the
measurements in the collection
Error: The presence of a measurement error for at least one measurement in the collection. If an error
is reported for a measurement in the collection, the measurement will be rejected (just as a deviant
measurement moment value would be) and the program will perform an additional measurement,
unless the Maximum Num. Meas. to Reject has been reached. Errant measurements are rejected from
the list before deviant measurement values.
Using ABS: The use of Automated Background Subtraction for the population of measurements.

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C H A P T E R 4

Data Files

4.1 Introduction
This chapter contains the following information:

• Section 4.2 presents an overview • Section 4.5 discusses the data-viewing

of data files. formats.
• Section 4.3 discusses the various • Section 4.6 discusses how to change
types of data files. graph formats.
• Section 4.4 discusses data file
management.

4.2 Overview of Data Files

Multiple types of data files store all measurable data generated by sample measurements, system
parameters, and helium fills. Each type of data file stores a specific type of data. Stored data may be
examined in several different data-viewing formats, and the plot of the data may be modified. Every
data file opens as a graph. A template automatically saves the graph view of a data file.
Data generated by the measurement options is stored in up to four different data files. This multiple-
file storage system is in direct contrast to the single-file storage system used in the MPMSR2 DOS
software. By separating the measurement data into several files, MPMS MultiVu allows you to easily
import the files into other graphics applications.
Data files storing measurement data cannot be overwritten, and no data file can be deleted from within
MPMS MultiVu. To delete a data file, you must open the Windows directory that stores the file, and
then delete the file from within that directory.

4.2.1 File Format

Every data file consists of two main sections: the header and the data section. The data file header
defines the type of data file and the type of data stored in the file as well as the file’s default graph
format. Data file headers contain the identical type of information. The data section lists the actual
data stored in the file. Data sections list data that is specific to the measurement option that generated
the data and to the type of data the file stores.

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Section 4.2 Chapter 4
Overview of Data Files Data Files

The format of the data files is designed such that the files may be easily imported by other graphic
applications, such as Microsoft Excel. The data file format is comma delimited. Appendix B
discusses the data file format in more detail.

4.2.2 Naming Conventions

You specify the base name of any data file you want to create. When MPMS MultiVu creates the file,
it adds file extensions to the base name. One file extension always identifies which type of data the
file stores. When appropriate, a second file extension identifies which type of measurement option
generated the data. The generic format of a data file name is thus
BaseName.DataType or
BaseName.MeasurementType.DataType.
The addition of the file extensions means that multiple data files may share a base name. When you
specify a base name for a new measurement data, or .dat, file, MPMS MultiVu uses that name to
create the base names of the other data files that also store data while the new .dat file is active.
If the base name of a new .dat file is testdata, MPMS MultiVu saves DC sample measurement
data to the testdata.dc.dat file and DC centering scan data to the testdata.dc.lastscan
file. The file extensions identify and organize the related files. The file extensions also protect the
function of each data file, ensuring that the file stores only the appropriate type of data.

Table 4-1. Components of Data File Names

COMPONENT SIGNIFICANCE

Base Name Defines base data file name and can be shared by multiple
data files storing different types of data. Base name is user
specified and can be any valid Windows 95 file name.
Measurement Type Indicates type of measurement option generating data.
Measurement type is system specified.
Data Type Indicates type of data stored in file. Data type is system
specified.

Table 4-2. File Extensions

FILE EXTENSION VALID ENTRIES WHAT ENTRY INDICATES

Measurement Type .dc DC measurement

.rso RSO measurement
.ac AC measurement
.pfl Field-profiling measurement
Data Type .dat Measurement data
.lastscan Last scan data
.diag Summary data from scans
.raw Raw SQUID voltages from scans
.env System parameter data

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Data Files Overview of Data Files

4.2.2.1 EXAMPLE: NAMING DATA FILES THAT SAVE SEQUENCE

MEASUREMENT DATA
If you specify a new base data file name called PbtoAu_Test1 and then run a sequence that includes
DC measurement commands but no other type of measurement command, MPMS MultiVu creates the
following two data files when it finishes taking the first measurement in the sequence run:
PbtoAu_Test1.dc.dat
PbtoAu_Test1.dc.lastscan
MPMS MultiVu adds the file extensions to the base file name. By default, the data files reside in the
C:\QdMpms\Data directory.

If you specify a new base data file name called PbtoAu_Test2, then modify the DC measurement
commands in the selected sequence so that MPMS MultiVu saves diagnostic and raw data, and then
run the sequence, MPMS MultiVu creates the following four data files when it finishes taking the first
measurement in the sequence run:
PbtoAu_Test2.dc.dat
PbtoAu_Test2.dc.diag
PbtoAu_Test2.dc.raw
PbtoAu_Test2.dc.lastscan

If you specify a new base data file name called PbtoAu_Test3, then modify the selected sequence
so that it includes RSO measurement commands, and then run the sequence, MPMS MultiVu creates
the following six data files when it finishes taking the first measurement in the sequence run:
PbtoAu_Test3.dc.dat
PbtoAu_Test3.dc.diag
PbtoAu_Test3.dc.raw
PbtoAu_Test3.dc.lastscan
PbtoAu_Test3.rso.dat
PbtoAu_Test3.rso.lastscan

4.2.2.2 EXAMPLE: NAMING DATA FILES THAT SAVE IMMEDIATE

MEASUREMENT DATA
If you specify, in the Measure DC dialog box, a new base data file name called CuMagProperties
and then run an immediate DC sample measurement, MPMS MultiVu creates the following two data
files when it finishes taking the measurement:
CuMagProperties.dc.dat
CuMagProperties.dc.lastscan
When you specify the base file name, MPMS MultiVu adds the file extensions to the name immedi-
ately because it knows which type of measurement option will generate the data.
By default, the data files reside in the C:\QdMpms\Data directory.

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Section 4.2 Chapter 4
Overview of Data Files Data Files

4.2.3 Active Data Files

The active data files are the files actively storing the measurement data as the data is generated. A data
file that is selected to store measurement data does not become “active” until a sequence or immediate
measurement begins to run. An active file remains active until the sequence or immediate measure-
ment is aborted or completes or until MPMS MultiVu reads a Set Datafile sequence command.
MPMS MultiVu identifies the data files that either are active or that will be active. The sequence
status panels in the status bar and the Sequence Status panel in the control center display the base
name of the files storing sequence measurement data. The Sequence Base Data File Name panel in
the control center displays the base name of the files storing sequence measurement data or that will
store data the next time a sequence runs. The Data File panel in the Measure dialog box displays the
full name of the .dat file storing immediate-mode measurement data or that will store data the next
time a measurement runs. Figure 5-4 illustrates the control center. Figure 3-9 illustrates the Measure
DC dialog box.
The Set Datafile sequence command instructs MPMS MultiVu to make new data files the active data
files. The base name of the new files appears in the Sequence Status panel and the sequence status
panels, but does not appear in the Sequence Base Data File Name panel.

4.2.4 Template Files

Two types of template files save the defined graph format of data files. A graph configuration,
or .gph, file is the template saving the most recently defined graph format of a data file. A graph
template, or .tpl, file is a template you create to save the defined graph format of a data file.
The graph format is the physical appearance of the graph; that is, the data parameters the graph
plots and the gridlines and data indicators the graph uses to plot the data points.
A .gph file is associated with each data file you have opened and then closed. MPMS MultiVu
creates the .gph file the first time you close the file. MPMS MultiVu uses the base name of the data
file to create the base name of the .gph file. The first time you close the testdata.dc.dat file,
MPMS MultiVu creates the testdata.dc.dat.gph file. Every time you reopen and close a data
file, MPMS MultiVu updates the associated .gph file. The .gph file ensures that any changes you
make to the graph format are saved and reappear when you reopen the data file.
You create .tpl files. You can create a .tpl file of the defined graph format of any data file and
then apply that .tpl file to any data file, including the file from which you created the .tpl file.
If you apply a .tpl file created from a data file storing one type of measurement data to a file storing
a different type of measurement data, MPMS MultiVu may not copy the full format of the template to
the other file, because the other file may be unable to use all format items defined in the template.
Section 4.4.4 explains how you create .tpl files. Section 4.4.5 explains how you apply .tpl files.

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Data Files Types of Data Files

4.3 Types of Data Files

Each type of MPMS MultiVu data file performs a unique function by storing a specific type of mea-
surement data. A file extension, which MPMS MultiVu adds to the base file name at the time the file
is created, identifies the type of data file and protects the function of the file, ensuring that it saves only
the type of measurement data it was created to save.

Table 4-3. Name and Function of Data File Types

DATA FILE FILE EXTENSION FUNCTION

Measurement Data .dat Stores pertinent data from measurement.

Scan Data .lastscan Stores raw SQUID voltages from data points read
during last scan.
Raw Data .raw Stores raw SQUID voltages from data points read
during any number of scans.
Diagnostic Data .diag Stores summary data from any number of scans.
1
Helium Data .dat Records level of helium in dewar.
Environment Log .env Stores specified system parameters.
2
Field Profile Scan .pfl.dat Stores pertinent data from field profile scan.
EDC Data .edc Generated by EDC program.
1
MPMS MultiVu has one helium data file. The base name of the file is heliumgr.
2
The field profile scan data file is available only if the Low Field Profiling option or Ultra Low Field option is
installed.

4.3.1 Sample Measurement Data Files

For any sample measurement, MPMS MultiVu may save measurement data in up to four different
data files, called the sample measurement data files. The measurement data, scan data, raw data, and
diagnostic data files are the sample measurement data files. MPMS MultiVu automatically saves
sample measurement data to a measurement data file and data from the last scan to a scan data file.
MPMS MultiVu creates the raw data and diagnostic data files and then saves data to those files only
if you instruct it to do so.
Each sample measurement data file saves data from only one type of measurement. The name of the
file indicates which measurement option generated the data stored in the file. The abbreviation of
the measurement option⎯dc, rso, or ac⎯appears immediately after the base name of the file. For
example, the testdata.dc.dat file stores data from a DC sample measurement. The testdata
.rso.dat file stores data from an RSO sample measurement. MPMS MultiVu adds file extensions
to the base name of the file when it creates the file.

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Types of Data Files Data Files

4.3.1.1 MEASUREMENT DATA FILES

A measurement data, or .dat, file stores all pertinent data generated by any number of sample
measurements taken by one type of measurement option. The first type of measurement option to
save data to a .dat file determines the type of measurement option data the file stores.

A .dat file stores measurement data only when it is active, and only one .dat file is active at a time.
MPMS MultiVu uses the base name of the active .dat file to create the base names of the other files
that are active while the .dat file is active. The Sequence Base Data File Name panel in the control
center displays the base name of the .dat file that is active during a sequence run or that will be
active when a sequence runs. The Data File panel in the Measure dialog box displays the full name
of the .dat file that is active during an immediate measurement or that will be active when an
immediate measurement runs.
A .dat file contains one line of data for every identical type of measurement taken while the .dat
file is active. If a sequence run includes five DC measurement commands, the active .dat file has
five new lines of data. MPMS MultiVu appends data to a .dat file and never overwrites a .dat file.

MPMS MultiVu includes a default .dat file, called data0000. You may create any number of
additional .dat files. Section 4.4.1 explains how you create .dat files.

4.3.1.2 SCAN DATA FILES

A scan data, or .lastscan, file stores the raw SQUID voltages from the individual data points read
during only the last scan taken as part of a measurement. When the same measurement option runs
another measurement, MPMS MultiVu updates the .lastscan file, overwriting the file with the data
from the last scan.
One .lastscan file is associated with each .dat file, and the files share the identical base name.
MPMS MultiVu creates the .lastscan file the first time a measurement runs while the .dat file is
active. MPMS MultiVu overwrites the .lastscan file whenever another measurement runs while
the same .dat file is active.

One centering scan data, or center.lastscan, file is associated with each measurement option.
MPMS MultiVu creates and names the center.lastscan file the first time the measurement
option runs a centering measurement. MPMS MultiVu overwrites the center.lastscan file
whenever the same option runs another centering measurement.
A .lastscan file contains one line of data for every data point read during the last scan taken as part
of a measurement. The lines summarizing data include the average voltage and the average detrended
and demeaned voltage as well as the average regression, detrended, and demeaned fit of all data points
in the file. If a .lastscan file includes data from a scan that has 32 data points, the file has 32 lines
of data.
The .lastscan file performs the same function as the SQUID response graph that was generated by
the MPMSR2 DOS software.

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Data Files Types of Data Files

4.3.1.3 RAW DATA FILES

The raw data, or .raw, file stores the raw SQUID voltages from the individual data points read during
any number of scans taken by one type of measurement option. MPMS MultiVu creates a .raw file
only if you instruct it to do so. Each .raw file you create is associated with one .dat file, and the
files share the identical base name. MPMS MultiVu saves data to the .raw file only while the file’s
associated .dat file is active.

A .raw file contains one line of data for every data point read during every scan run while the file is
active. The lines summarizing data from the last scan that was run include the average voltage and fit
of all data points in the .raw file. If a .raw file includes data from two scans and each scan has 10
data points, the file has 20 lines of data, and lines 11 through 20 include the average voltage and the
average detrended and demeaned voltage as well as the average regression, detrended, and demeaned
fit of all data points in the file. MPMS MultiVu always appends data to a .raw file and never
overwrites a .raw file.

4.3.1.4 DIAGNOSTIC DATA FILES

The diagnostic data, or .diag, file stores summary data from any number of scans taken by one type
of measurement option. MPMS MultiVu creates a .diag file only if you instruct it to do so. Each
.diag file you create is associated with one .dat file, and the files share the identical base name.
MPMS MultiVu saves data to the .diag file only while the file’s associated .dat file is active.

The .diag file contains one line of data for every scan performed while the file is active. If a .diag
file includes data from 10 scans, the file has 10 lines of data. MPMS MultiVu always appends data to
a .diag file and never overwrites a .diag file.

4.3.2 Helium Data File

The helium data, or heliumgr.dat, file stores the helium-level data from the last helium fill. The
file plots the level of helium in the dewar against the length of time of the helium-filling operation.
The UtilitieshHelium Fill option opens the graph view of the heliumgr.dat file. MPMS MultiVu
has one heliumgr.dat file that it overwrites whenever you run another helium fill.

The heliumgr.dat file has one line of data for every helium level recorded during the last helium
fill. Each line has two data entries: the timestamp and the helium level. The MPMS system defines
the time interval at which the heliumgr.dat file stores data.

4.3.3 Environment Log Files

The environment log, or .env, file stores time-based system data parameters. Once a .env file
begins to store data, it stores data until it is instructed to stop.
You create all .env files (see section 4.4.2). You specify which system data parameters MPMS
MultiVu saves to the .env file, and you specify the time interval at which MPMS MultiVu saves
the data. Only one .env file stores data at a time.

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Section 4.3 Chapter 4
Types of Data Files Data Files

The .env file has one line of data for each data reading. The number of data readings is determined
by the specified time interval. The content of each line of data is determined by the specified data
parameters. By default, MPMS MultiVu appends data to a .env file. You can instruct MPMS
MultiVu to overwrite a .env file.

The .env file is also referred to as the log MPMS file.

4.3.4 Field Profile Scan Files

The field profile scan, or .pfl, file stores all pertinent data from a field profile scan. MPMS MultiVu
creates a .pfl file during a field profile scan. The .pfl files are available only if the Low Field
Profiling option or the Ultra Low Field option is installed.
The .pfl file contains one line of data for every field recorded during the field profile scan. By
default, MPMS MultiVu appends data to a .pfl file. You can instruct MPMS MultiVu to overwrite
the file.

4.3.5 EDC Data Files

Data files created in an EDC program by using the EDC data file commands use the same format and
naming conventions as all other MPMS MultiVu measurement data files, but add the .edc extension
to the data file name. The Magnetic Property Measurement System: External Device Control
Language User’s Manual discusses the EDC data files in detail.

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Chapter 4 Section 4.4
Data Files Data File Management

4.4 Data File Management

4.4.1 Creating a Measurement Data File

If you specify the base name of a new .dat file before you run a measurement, you can save data
from that measurement to the new file.
The following procedures explain how you create a .dat file to store DC measurement data. The
procedures you use to create a .dat file to store RSO measurement data or AC measurement data
are nearly identical.

4.4.1.1 CREATING A MEASUREMENT DATA FILE TO SAVE IMMEDIATE

MEASUREMENT DATA
1. Select MeasurehDC. The Measure DC dialog box opens (see figure 3-9).
2. Select Change. The Select or Enter a New DC Data File dialog box opens. By default, the
dialog box lists all .dat files.
3. Select the directory in which the data files will reside, if necessary. The default directory is
C:\QdMpms\Data. If you select a directory, all new data files will reside in that directory.
4. Enter only the base name of the new .dat file, and then select Open. The Select or Enter a
New DC Data File dialog box closes, and the Measure DC dialog box appears again. The full
name of the .dat file, including the file extensions, appears in the Data File panel in the
Measure DC dialog box.
5. Select the Include Diagnostics Data and Include Raw Data check boxes if you want MPMS
MultiVu to create the .diag and .raw files.
6. Do the following if you want to modify the default graph format of any data file that will store
the immediate measurement data: (a) select View, (b) select the file, (c) select Open, and then
(d) modify the graph format as necessary. Refer to section 4.6.
Selecting View prompts MPMS MultiVu to create the .dat and .lastscan files and⎯if the
Include Diagnostics Data and Include Raw Data check boxes are selected⎯the .diag and
.raw files. The new files contain only header information, which defines the default graph
format.
7. Select Measure to run the measurement. If you did not select View, MPMS MultiVu creates the
data files when it completes the first measurement. If you run multiple measurements while the
same data files are active, MPMS MultiVu appends data to the files.

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Data File Management Data Files

4.4.1.2 CREATING A MEASUREMENT DATA FILE TO SAVE SEQUENCE

MEASUREMENT DATA
1. Select the Sequence Base Data File Name Change button in the control center. The Select a
Data File dialog box opens. By default, the dialog box lists all .dat files.
2. Select the directory in which the data files will reside, if necessary. If you select a directory,
all new data files will reside in that directory.
3. Enter only the base name of the new .dat file, and then select Open. The Select a Data File
dialog box closes. The base name of the .dat file appears in the Sequence Base Data File
Name panel in the control center. MPMS MultiVu has deleted any file extensions you added
to the base file name.
4. Open the selected sequence file if you want to modify the DC measurement commands. In the
command dialog box, select the Include Diagnostic Data and Include Raw Data check boxes
if you want MPMS MultiVu to create the .diag and .raw files. Section 5.3.2 explains how
you edit a sequence.
5. Save the selected sequence file if you have edited it.
6. Select the Run button in the control center in order to run the sequence.
MPMS MultiVu creates the .dat and .lastscan files when it completes the first measure-
ment in the sequence. MPMS MultiVu also creates the .diag and .raw files if you instructed
it to do so. MPMS MultiVu creates the files and adds the file extensions to the base file names
when it knows which type of measurement data the files will store.
Once a measurement is complete, you may open any of the active data files. Do the following:
(a) select the Sequence Base Data File Name View button in the control center, (b) select a data
file in the Select a Data File dialog box, and then (c) select Open.
If you run multiple sequences while the same data files are active, MPMS MultiVu appends data
to those files.

4.4.1.3 CREATING A MEASUREMENT DATA FILE WITHIN A SEQUENCE

1. Select the Selected Sequence Edit button in the control center. A sequence editor opens and
lists all commands in the selected sequence. The sequence command bar also opens unless it is
hidden or already open.
2. Double-click on the Set Datafile command, which is in the Measure command group in the
sequence command bar. Set Datafile opens a dialog box that lists all .dat files.
3. Select the directory in which the data files will reside, if necessary. If you select a directory,
all new data files will reside in that directory.
4. Enter only the base name of the new .dat file, and then select Open. The Select a Data File
dialog box closes. The base name and file location of the .dat file appear on a single command
line in the sequence editor. MPMS MultiVu has deleted any file extensions you added to the
base file name.
5. Edit the sequence file in order to correctly position Set Datafile, if necessary. Set Datafile must
precede a measurement command if you want to save the data generated by that command to the
new files. Section 5.3.2 explains how you edit a sequence.
6. Modify the DC measurement commands, if necessary. In the command dialog box, select the
Include Diagnostic Data and Include Raw Data check boxes if you want MPMS MultiVu to
create the .diag and .raw files.
7. Save the sequence.

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8. Select the Run button in the control center in order to run the sequence.
MPMS MultiVu creates the .dat and .lastscan files when it completes the first measure-
ment after it reads Set Datafile. MPMS MultiVu also creates the .diag and .raw files if you
instructed it to do so. The files created with Set Datafile remain active throughout the sequence
run unless MPMS MultiVu reads another Set Datafile command.
During the sequence run, the base name of the data files created with Set Datafile appears in the
Sequence Status panel and the sequence status panels, but does not appear in the Sequence Base
Data File Name panel.

4.4.2 Creating an Environment Log File

1. Select UtilitieshLog MPMS Data. The Log Data dialog box opens.
2. Select the General tab. You use the General tab to select an environment log file and to specify
how frequently MPMS MultiVu logs data to the file.

Figure 4-1. General Tab in Log Data Dialog Box

3. Select Browse. The Select an Environment Data File dialog opens and lists all .env files.
4. Select the directory in which the .env file will reside, if necessary. If you select a directory,
all new data files will reside in that directory.
5. Enter only the base name of the new .env file, then select Open. The full name of the .env
file appears at the top of the Data File pull-down menu in the General tab. MPMS MultiVu
has added the file extension to the base file name because it knows which type of data the file
will store.
Notice that you select the Overwrite check box if you want to overwrite an existing .env file.
By default, MPMS MultiVu appends data to .env files.
6. Enter the time interval, in seconds, defining how frequently MPMS MultiVu logs data to the
.env file. The time interval may be any length from 0.25 seconds to 99,999 seconds.

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Data File Management Data Files

7. Select the Standard Items tab. You use the Standard Items tab to select the system data
parameters that MPMS MultiVu logs to the .env file.

Figure 4-2. Standard Items Tab in Log Data Dialog Box

8. Select system parameters. Click on Select All to save all parameters. Click on Unselect All to
deselect all parameters. When you select a parameter, its value appears in the Standard Items
tab. If you select a large number of parameters, data logging occurs more slowly.
9. Select Start to begin logging the specified parameters. MPMS MultiVu creates the .env file
when it begins logging data.
At any time, you can specify different parameters for MPMS MultiVu to log. However, while
MPMS MultiVu logs the data, you cannot redefine the time interval at which the data is logged.
You cannot run multiple .env files.
10. Select View Data in the General tab in order to open the .env file.
11. Select Stop to stop logging data. MPMS MultiVu logs data until you instruct it to stop.

4.4.3 Changing the Sequence Base Data File Name

1. Select the Sequence Base Data File Name Change button in the control center. The Select a
Data File dialog box opens. By default, the dialog box lists all .dat files.
2. Select a .dat file, then select Open. The base name of the .dat file appears in the Sequence
Base Data File Name panel in the control center. The file does not open.

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4.4.4 Creating a Graph Template File

1. Select an open data file, and verify that the graph view is active.
2. Modify the graph format, if necessary. Refer to section 4.6.
3. Select GraphhSave Template As. The Save as a Graph Template File dialog box opens
and lists all .tpl files. The full name of the data file you are using to create the template is
displayed. However, MPMS MultiVu has replaced the original file extension with the .tpl
extension.
4. Select Open or specify a different file name and then select Open. MPMS MultiVu creates
the .tpl file.

4.4.5 Applying a Graph Template File

1. Select an open data file, and verify that the graph view is active.
2. Select GraphhApply Template. The Apply a Template to the Current Graph dialog box
opens and lists all .tpl files.
3. Select a .tpl file, then select Open. MPMS MultiVu applies the .tpl file to the graph format
of the data file, modifying the graph format so that it is defined by the template.
If you apply a .tpl file created from a data file storing one type of measurement data to a file
storing a different type of measurement data, MPMS MultiVu does not necessarily copy the full
format of the template to the data file; the data file may not be able to use all format items
defined in the .tpl file.

4.4.6 Printing a Graph

Before you print any graph view or sequence file, you can use the FilehPrint Preview option to see
what the graph or sequence file will look like when it is printed. The view window also includes a
Print button.
1. Select an open data file, and verify that the graph view is active.
2. Select FilehPrint. The Print Parameters dialog box opens. The dialog box defines the
appearance of the printed graph.
3. Specify what labels, such as the name and path of the data file, you want to print on the graph.
Also specify the printing options.
4. Select OK. The Print dialog box opens.
5. Select a printer and define the printer properties, specify the number of copies, and so on.
6. Select OK. The graph is printed.

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Section 4.5 Chapter 4
Data-Viewing Formats Data Files

4.5 Data-Viewing Formats

MPMS MultiVu includes four data-viewing formats⎯the graph view, record view, table view, and
raw data view⎯that give you four different ways of examining the information stored in a data file.
The graph view is the default viewing format. Every data file opens in the graph view. Once a data
file is open, you can select any of the other three viewing formats. Multiple views of a data file or
of several files may be open at one time.
Commands in the View menu and Graph pop-up menu open and select viewing formats. You open
the Graph pop-up menu by right-clicking the mouse inside any graph window.

4.5.1 Graph View

The graph view is a plot of data points that MPMS MultiVu has saved to a data file. The graph plots
only the specified data points and may not plot all data points saved to the file. MPMS MultiVu uses
the current graph configuration, or .gph, file to plot the points.

One Plot in Graph View Two Plots in Graph View

Figure 4-3. Graph View

In the graph view, one data point is highlighted, or selected. If you double-click close to the selected
data point, the record view opens and lists the values of all parameters for that data point. If you
double-click a part of the graph area that is not near the selected data point, the table view opens and
lists all parameters for all data points in the data file. To select a different data point, click on that data
point.
The graph view automatically opens when you open a data file. If a data file is open and selected, but
the graph view is not selected, you can open the graph view by selecting the ViewhGraph option.

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4.5.2 Record View

The record view is a table listing the value of all parameters for one data point that MPMS MultiVu
has saved to a data file. Each row in the table displays the name and value of one parameter. The
number in the left-hand column of every row helps separate the rows and identifies which column in
the table-view table displays the same parameter data. The number of rows in the record-view table
is determined by the number of parameters associated with the data point.

Figure 4-4. Record View

The header in the record window indicates which data point you are examining. The data point is
always the last data point selected in the graph view or table view. To select a different data point,
use the First, Prev, Next, and Last buttons that are at the bottom of the record window, or click on
a data point in the graph view or on a row in the table view.
You can open the record view whenever a data file is open and selected, but the record view is not
selected. To open the record view, you can select the ViewhRecord option. You can also open the
record view by double-clicking on any point in the graph view or by double-clicking on any row in
the table view.

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4.5.3 Table View

The table view is a table listing the value of all parameters for all data points that MPMS MultiVu has
saved to a data file. Each row in the table displays all parameter data for one data point. The number
in the left-hand column of a row identifies the order in which the data point was read in the sequence
of data points comprising the data file. The number of data points read determines the number of rows
in the table.

Figure 4-5. Table View

The highlighted, or selected, row in the table view identifies the last data point selected in the graph
view or record view. If you double-click on the selected row, the record listing the value of all param-
eters for that data point opens. To select a different data point, click on another row in the table view.
You can open the table view whenever a data file is open and selected, but the table view is not
selected. To open the table view, you can select the ViewhTable option.

4.5.4 Raw Data View

The raw data view is a text editor view of a data file. You can open the raw data view whenever a data
file is open and selected, but the raw data view is not selected. To open the raw data view, you can
select the ViewhRaw Data option.

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Data Files Graph Formats

4.6 Graph Formats

The graph format is the physical appearance and layout of the graph view of a data file. A graph’s
appearance refers to the gridlines and data indicators the graph uses to plot different types of data
stored in the file. The header section of a data file defines the default graph format of the file. You
cannot change the default graph format. However, when the graph view is active, you can modify its
appearance in multiple ways.
Commands in the Graph menu and Graph pop-up menu change the graph format. Graph menu and
Graph pop-up menu options are nearly identical. However, Graph menu options emphasize opening
and saving files; Graph pop-up menu options emphasize viewing data. The Graph pop-up menu is
available only when the graph view is active. You open the Graph pop-up menu by right-clicking the
mouse inside any graph window.

4.6.1 Selecting Gridlines and Data Indicators

1. Select an open data file, and verify that the graph view is active.
2. Select GraphhAppearance. The Appearance submenu opens. The submenu can contain up to
four numbered Plot options. One option is enabled for each plot in the graph view.
3. Select a Plot option. A pop-up dialog box opens and
identifies which gridline and data indicator options
define the format of the selected plot.
4. Select options in the Plot Appearance pop-up dialog
box. If the active graph view has multiple plots, you
can select Apply to All Plots to apply the format of the
selected plot to all plots in the graph view.
5. Select Apply to apply the changes and keep the pop-up
dialog box open or select OK to apply the changes and
close the dialog box.
Figure 4-6. Plot Appearance
The GraphhAuto Scale All Plots option or the Graph pop-up Dialog Box
menuhAuto Scale All Plots option adjusts the axis limits so
that the plotted data points are comfortably spaced and you can
see all of your data.
The Graph pop-up menuhX Axis Auto Scale toggle option or Y Axis Auto Scale toggle option
adjusts the x-axis gridlines or y-axis gridlines, respectively, so that the plotted data points are
comfortably spaced.

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Graph Formats Data Files

4.6.2 Plotting Parameters

1. Select an open data file, and verify that the graph view is active.
2. Select GraphhData Selection. The Data Selection dialog box opens and lists all available axes
and parameters that may appear in the graph.

Figure 4-7. Data Selection Dialog Box

3. Use the Axis pull-down menus to select the axes on which MPMS MultiVu plots data in the
graph. Each graph must have one x-axis and one y-axis. A graph may have up to four y-axes.
To remove an extra y-axis, select off in the corresponding pull-down menu.
4. Select the Log check box associated with each axis if you want to logarithmically scale the
parameter data on that axis. If Log is not selected, MPMS MultiVu scales the data linearly.
5. Use the Data pull-down menu associated with each axis to select the type of parameter data
plotted on the axis. If the graph includes multiple y-axes, you can select a different type of
parameter data for each y-axis. When multiple y-axes plot different types of data, MPMS
MultiVu creates a separate plot of each x-axis−and−y-axis combination within the graph
window.
An asterisk appearing to the left of any parameter name in a Data pull-down menu indicates
that MPMS MultiVu has not found data for that parameter.
The Data pull-down menus list only the types of parameter data that are in the specified data
group. You use the Data Group pull-down menu to specify the data group. Refer to step 7.
6. Select the Auto check box associated with each axis in order to automatically scale the axis.
If Auto is not selected, you can specify the minimum and maximum values for the axis. Enter
the minimum and maximum values in the Min and Max text boxes, respectively. The default
values appearing in the Min and Max text boxes represent the axis limits presently defined by
the autoscale function.
7. Use the Data Group pull-down menu to specify the data group. The data group is a subgroup
of similar data parameter types. Select Longitudinal to plot only parameters used by the
longitudinal SQUID. Select Transverse to plot only parameters used by the transverse SQUID.
Select All to plot all available parameters. MPMS MultiVu can plot only the data parameters
in the specified data group.
8. Select the time interval the x-axis uses to represent time.

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Data Files Graph Formats

9. Select the method of displaying time in the graph. Select Relative to start the time scale at zero.
Select Absolute to use the absolute timestamp value that is stored in the data file.
10. Select the graph’s display range. Select All Records to plot all data points. Select Last or From
to display only specified data points.
11. Select Apply to apply the changes and keep the Data Selection dialog box open or select OK to
apply the changes and close the dialog box.

4.6.3 Magnifying a Graph

1. Select an open data file, and verify that the graph view is active.
2. Click anywhere on the graph, drag the mouse through the graph so that you select the part of the
graph you want to magnify, and then release the mouse. The selected part of the graph is
magnified. You may repeat this procedure any number of times.
3. Select GraphhZoom Previous to return a magnified graph to its previous magnification. You
can select Zoom Previous any number of times until the graph returns to its original size.

4.6.4 Restoring the Current Graph Configuration File

Select GraphhRestore Graph to return the graph format of a data file to the format defined by the
current graph configuration, or .gph, file. The current .gph file is the file created the last time the
data file was closed. You may select Restore Graph at any time.

4.6.5 Restoring the Default Graph Format

Select GraphhDefault Graph to return the graph format of a data file to the default graph format
defined in the data file header. You may select Default Graph at any time.

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C H A P T E R 5

Sequence Files

5.1 Introduction
This chapter contains the following information:

• Section 5.2 presents an overview of • Section 5.5 explains how to run a partial
sequence files. sequence.
• Section 5.3 discusses sequence file • Section 5.6 explains how to edit a paused
management. sequence run.
• Section 5.4 explains how to run a
sequence.

5.2 Overview of Sequence Files

A sequence file automates MPMS operation by sequentially running multiple commands. A sequence
file is comprised of any number of individual sequence commands, and the commands may appear in
any order within the sequence. The sequence editor (see figure 5-2) lists all sequence commands and
command parameters comprising one sequence file. The sequence command bar (see figure 5-1) lists
all sequence commands. Many of the sequence command parameters are user definable.
MPMS MultiVu sequence files are saved to and executed only from disk. All MPMS MultiVu
sequences are programmed sequences.

5.2.1 Sequence Commands

MPMS MultiVu has system, center, measure, and diagnostic sequence commands. Commands are
grouped by type in the sequence command bar. Each MPMS option includes additional sequence
commands that affect only that option. A sequence command instructs the MPMS or an MPMS
option to perform one task. Chapter 6 discusses the sequence commands in detail.
When you select a sequence command, MPMS MultiVu prompts you to either review the command
parameters or verify that you want to include the command in the sequence file. As soon as you select
OK in the pop-up dialog box or pop-up message, the command and its parameters appear on a single
line immediately above the highlight bar in the sequence editor. You may edit any command that is in
the sequence editor.

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Section 5.2 Chapter 5
Overview of Sequence Files Sequence Files

5.2.2 Sequence Command Bar

The sequence command bar lists the names of all available sequence
commands. In the command bar, commands are grouped according
to type, and the command groups appear, from the top to the bottom
of the bar, in the order you normally select them. There are System,
Center, Measure, and Diagnostic command groups. A minus sign
appearing to the left of a command group indicates the group is
expanded. A plus sign indicates the group is collapsed.
The sequence command bar opens the first time you create or open a
sequence file after you start up MPMS MultiVu. The command bar
closes when you close the last open sequence editor window. While
a sequence editor window is open, you can use the ViewhSequence
Command Bar toggle option to hide or display the command bar.
The sequence command bar is movable and dockable. You may
move it to any location and you may dock it to the right or left side
of the MPMS MultiVu interface.
Scroll bars appear on the right side and at the bottom of the
sequence command bar if the area inside the command bar cannot
show the names of all available sequence commands.

Figure 5-1. Sequence

Command Bar

5.2.3 Sequence Editor

The sequence editor shows all sequence commands and associated command parameters comprising
one sequence file. When you open or create a sequence file, a sequence editor window showing all
commands and parameters in that sequence file opens. The name of the sequence appears in the title
bar of the sequence editor window. Multiple sequence editor windows⎯that is, multiple sequence
files⎯may be open at any one time.
In the sequence editor, each sequence command and its configurable parameters appear on a separate
line, called a command line. A highlight bar that is movable and expandable always highlights, or
selects, at least one command line. The highlight bar indicates which sequence command or com-
mands will be affected by the next editing command. The Line Number panel located immediately
below the title bar in the sequence editor window also indicates which command line is selected or,
if multiple lines are selected, which line was last selected. In figure 5-2 on the following page, the
highlight bar highlights the first command line, and the Line Number panel indicates that command
line “1” is selected.
You may move, resize, minimize, maximize, or duplicate the sequence editor. The WindowhNew
Window option opens another window that duplicates the active sequence editor.

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Sequence Files Overview of Sequence Files

Figure 5-2. Sequence Editor

5.2.4 Naming Conventions

Every sequence file has a .seq file extension. A sequence file with a base file name such as
Sequence1 or Sequence2 has a default name, which MPMS MultiVu assigned to the sequence
when the sequence was created. The number in the default base name identifies the chronological
order in which the sequence was created since MPMS MultiVu was last started up. For example,
a sequence with the default name Sequence5.seq is the fifth sequence created since MPMS
MultiVu was started up. You may rename sequence files at any time.
When you restart MPMS MultiVu, the application begins to renumber, starting with Sequence1,
the new sequence files you create. However, if the default name of a new file duplicates the name of
an existing file, MPMS MultiVu prompts you to rename the new file so that you do not overwrite the
existing file.

5.2.5 Selected Sequence and Active Sequence

The selected sequence file is the sequence that runs when you issue a Run command. The selected
sequence is always the last sequence file opened or selected. The Selected Sequence panel in the
control center displays the name of the selected sequence.
The active sequence file is the sequence actively running. The selected sequence becomes “active”
when you issue a Run command. The active sequence remains active until the sequence run is aborted
or completes. The Sequence Status panel in the control center and the sequence status panels in the
status bar display the name of the active sequence.
The selected sequence usually identifies the active sequence. However, if you open or select another
sequence after you begin a sequence run, the sequence you have just opened or selected becomes the
selected sequence. The name of the active sequence still appears in the Sequence Status panel and
the sequence status panels.

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Section 5.3 Chapter 5
Sequence File Management Sequence Files

5.3 Sequence File Management

5.3.1 Creating a Sequence

1. Select SequencehNew. The sequence editor for the new sequence file opens. The sequence
command bar also opens unless it is hidden or already open.
The End Sequence command is the only command in the sequence editor. MPMS MultiVu
automatically inserts End Sequence to mark the conclusion of the sequence.
2. Select ViewhSequence Command Bar if the sequence command bar is hidden.
3. Add commands to the sequence. Do the following: (a) select a command in the sequence
command bar, (b) review or modify the parameters as necessary, and then (c) select OK. Each
new command and its parameters appear on a single line immediately above the highlight bar.
Once you add a command to the sequence, an asterisk appears to the right of the sequence file
name in the editor’s title bar. The asterisk indicates that the sequence has been modified but that
the modifications have not been saved.
4. Edit the sequence as necessary. Refer to section 5.3.2.
5. Save the sequence. Do the following: (a) select FilehSave, (b) select the directory in which the
sequence files will reside, (c) specify the name of the file, and then (d) select the Save button.
The default sequence file directory is C:\QdMpms\Sequence. If you select a different
directory, all new sequence files will reside in that directory.
You must save any modifications you made to the sequence before you may run it. As soon as
you select Save, the asterisk next to the sequence file name disappears.
6. Select FilehClose to close the sequence.

5.3.2 Editing a Sequence

You may edit any sequence⎯including the running sequence⎯at any time, even when the sequence
status is locked. Edits you make to the active sequence, however, have no effect until you save and
then rerun the sequence.
Complete the following steps to edit a sequence:
1. Open a sequence file. Do one of the following: (a) select the Selected Sequence Edit button in
the control center to open the selected sequence or (b) select SequencehOpen to open any other
sequence.
2. Move the highlight bar so that it highlights the command or commands you want to edit or so
that it marks the location where commands are inserted into the sequence. Any commands you
add to the sequence are inserted immediately above the highlight bar.
• To select a command, click on it, or use the arrow keys on the PC keyboard to move the
highlight bar to the command. The up-arrow and left-arrow keys move the highlight bar
upward. The down-arrow and right-arrow keys move the highlight bar downward.
• To select a contiguous block of commands, click on a command and then drag the mouse
through other commands; or click on a command, press <Shift>, and then click on another
command or press the up-arrow or down-arrow key.

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Sequence Files Sequence File Management

• To select multiple, noncontiguous commands or to select both a contiguous block of

commands and multiple, noncontiguous commands, press <Ctrl>, and then click on
other commands.
The highlight bar can highlight the End Sequence command, but you cannot cut, copy, or delete
End Sequence.
3. Edit the sequence as necessary by using the editing commands in the tool bar or in the Edit
menu or Edit pop-up menu. Open the Edit pop-up menu by right-clicking the mouse inside the
sequence editor.
Once you edit the sequence, an asterisk appears to the right of the sequence file name in the
editor’s title bar. The asterisk indicates that the sequence has been modified but that the
modifications have not been saved.
4. Add commands to the sequence. Do the following: (a) select a command in the sequence
command bar, (b) review or modify the parameters as necessary, and then (c) select OK. Each
new command and its parameters appear on a single line immediately above the highlight bar.
You can use the <Tab> key on the PC keyboard to switch back and forth between the sequence
editor and the sequence command bar.
5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 as necessary.
6. Select FilehSave. The changes to the sequence must be saved before you may run the sequence.
7. Select FilehClose to close the sequence.

5.3.3 Modifying Command Parameters within a Sequence

1. Open a sequence file. Do one of the following: (a) select the Selected Sequence Edit button in
the control center to open the selected sequence or (b) select SequencehOpen to open any other
sequence.
2. Modify command parameters as necessary. Do the following: (a) double-click on a command in
the sequence editor, (b) modify the parameters, and then (c) select OK. The modified command
replaces the original command in the sequence editor.
Once you modify a command, an asterisk appears to the right of the sequence file name in
the editor’s title bar. The asterisk indicates that the sequence has been modified but that the
modifications have not been saved.
3. Edit the sequence as necessary. Refer to section 5.3.2.
4. Select FilehSave. The changes to the sequence must be saved before you may run the sequence.
5. Select FilehClose to close the sequence.

5.3.4 Printing a Sequence

Before you print any sequence file or graph, you can use the FilehPrint Preview option to see what
the sequence or graph will look like when it is printed. The view window also includes a Print button.
1. Select an open sequence file.
2. Select FilehPrint. The Print dialog box opens.
3. Select a printer and define the printer properties, specify the number of copies, and so on.
4. Select OK. The sequence file is printed.

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Sequence File Management Sequence Files

5.3.5 Locking Sequence Status

You may lock the status of a sequence file so that the file’s status may not be changed. If you lock a
sequence that is running, the sequence run may not be paused or aborted. If you lock a sequence that
is not running, the sequence may not run.
Complete the following steps to lock the sequence status:
1. Select the Lock button in the control center. Lock is enabled only if the sequence file is
unlocked. When you select Lock, the Lock Sequence dialog box opens.
2. Enter your name, in the Locked by text box,
to indicate you are the person locking the
sequence.
3. Enter an explanation, in the Other information
text box, of why you are locking the sequence.
4. Select Lock. The sequence is locked. If the
sequence is running, the Pause and Abort
options are disabled. If the sequence is not
running, the Run options are disabled. All
Lock options read Unlock.
Figure 5-3. Lock Sequence Dialog Box

5.3.6 Unlocking Sequence Status

1. Select the Unlock button in the control center. Unlock is enabled only if the sequence file is
locked. When you select Unlock, the Lock Sequence dialog box opens.
2. Select Unlock in the Lock Sequence dialog box. The sequence is unlocked. All sequence
control command options are enabled, and MPMS MultiVu deletes the information previously
entered in the Lock Sequence dialog box.

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Sequence Files Running a Sequence: An Example

5.4 Running a Sequence: An Example

The control center lets you quickly control all sequence operations and review sequence status
information. While the control center does not contain the only command buttons that let you work
with sequences, the control center lets you perform sequence-related tasks most conveniently. The
control center logically displays all sequence status information and commands controlling sequence
operation in one location. The control center’s status panels and command buttons are grouped
according to function and are arranged, from the top to the bottom of the control center, in the order
you normally review or select them. The control center is a main component of the MPMS MultiVu
window and may always be visible.

Name of installed sample

Sample Change button

Selected Sequence panel

Sequence Edit button Sequence Change button

Sequence Base Data File Name panel

Data File View button Data File Change button

Sequence status
Command being executed
Name of active sequence
Base name of active data files

Figure 5-4. Status Information Appearing in Control Center While Sequence Runs

The procedures in this section explain how you create and run a sequence in order to automate DC
measurement. Section 3.3 explains how you perform an immediate DC measurement.

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Section 5.4 Chapter 5
Running a Sequence: An Example Sequence Files

5.4.1 Prepare for the Measurement

Before you can run a sequence measurement, you must (1) attach the sample to a sample rod and
(2) insert the sample into the sample chamber. Sections 3.3.1 and 3.3.2, respectively, explain these
two operations.
Once you insert the sample into the sample chamber, you may also define the sample parameters.
Defining the sample parameters is optional. However, MPMS MultiVu saves the parameters to a new
measurement data file only if you define the parameters before you specify the base name of the data
file and run the measurement. Refer to section 3.3.3 to define the sample parameters.

5.4.2 Create the Sequence

1. Select SequencehNew.
2. Select ViewhSequence Command Bar if the sequence command bar is hidden.
3. Add the following DC centering commands to the sequence: (a) Initialize Transport, (b) DC
Parameters, (c) DC Center, and (d) Adjust Position. All centering commands are in the
Center group in the sequence commands bar. Refer to section 3.3.4 for a detailed discussion of
how you define a centering measurement.

Disable autotracking only if you are working with a sample that is very
sensitive to centering or if you are using a custom-built sample rod.
NOTE Quantum Design used a normal sample rod and a quartz sample holder
to develop the sample-tracking algorithms. Sample holders and rods that
respond to temperature differently than brass, steel, or quartz exhibit
greater variations in the position of the sample.

Disable autoranging only if you know the sample’s approximate EMU value
and you want to define the normal or extended EMU range most closely
NOTE matching that value. The Extended EMU range option is enabled only if the
Extended Range (EDR) option is installed.

4. Add the Measure DC command to the sequence. All measurement commands are in the
Measure group in the sequence commands bar. Refer to section 3.3.5 for a detailed discussion
of how you define a measurement.

Avoid radically modifying the scan and SQUID parameters before you run
the sample measurement. By using identical parameter values for the partial
centering measurement and the sample measurement, you help ensure that the
sample remains centered and that the partial centering measurement
CAUTION accurately reflects the conditions of the sample measurement.
5. Edit the sequence as necessary. Refer to section 5.3.2.
Commands that stabilize system conditions must precede Measure DC in order to stabilize
conditions before the measurement runs.
6. Save the sequence. Do the following: (a) select FilehSave, (b) select the directory in which the
sequence files will reside, (c) specify the name of the file, and then (d) select the Save button.
The default sequence file directory is C:\QdMpms\Sequence. If you select a different
directory, all new sequence files will reside in that directory.

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Sequence Files Running a Sequence: An Example

You must save any modifications you made to the sequence before you may run it. As soon as
you select Save, the asterisk next to the sequence file name disappears.

Figure 5-5. Example Sequence File

5.4.3 Select the Data File

1. Select the Sequence Base Data File Name Change button in the control center if you want
to save data to files other than the .dat files that are currently selected to store sequence
measurement data.
Sequence Base Data File Name Change opens the Select a Data File dialog box. By default,
the dialog box lists the names of all .dat files.
You must create a new .dat file if you want to save new sample parameter data to a .dat file.
MPMS MultiVu saves sample parameter data to a data file header only while creating the .dat
file. Consequently, no existing data file may contain sample parameter data that identifies your
sample. If you want to append data to an existing .dat file, try to select a file whose header
information identifies your sample.
2. Select the directory in which the data files will reside, if necessary. The default directory is
C:\QdMpms\Data. If you select a different directory, all new data files will reside in that
directory.
3. Select or create a file. You can select a file, and then select Open, or you can enter the base
name of a file in the File name text box, and then select Open. The base name of the .dat file
appears in the Sequence Base Data File Name panel. MPMS MultiVu will use the base name of
this file to create the base names of all the files that will store the sequence measurement data.

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Running a Sequence: An Example Sequence Files

5.4.4 Run the Sequence

1. Verify that the sequence you just created is still the selected sequence. If the name of the
sequence does not appear in the Selected Sequence panel, click on the Selected Sequence
Change button, select the sequence file, and then select Open. The sequence editor does not
need to be open for you to run a sequence.
2. Select the Run button in the control center. By default, MPMS MultiVu executes all commands
in the sequence. Refer to section 5.5 to run a partial sequence. The Sequence Status panel in the
control center and the sequence data panels in the status bar indicate that a sequence is running.
Clicking once in the Sequence Status panel opens the Sequence Status dialog box (figure 5-7),
which lists all commands in the active sequence and identifies the command MPMS MultiVu is
executing. The dialog box has control command buttons you can use to pause or abort a
sequence or to edit a paused sequence. Refer to section 5.6 to edit a paused sequence.
You may continue to work in MPMS MultiVu while the sequence runs.
3. Lock the sequence if you want to ensure that its status is not modified during the sequence run.
Refer to section 5.3.5.
4. Wait for the sequence run to finish. The commands in the sequence determine the length of time
the sequence runs. When the run is complete, all Run options are enabled, and Idle appears in
the Sequence Status panel and in the sequence data panels. If the Sequence Status dialog box
is open, all command information in the dialog box disappears as soon as the run is complete.

5.4.4.1 PAUSING, RESUMING, OR ABORTING A SEQUENCE RUN

You may pause and resume an unlocked sequence run or abort an unlocked sequence run at any time.
To pause a sequence, issue a Pause command. There are Pause buttons in the control center, tool bar,
and Sequence Status dialog box, and there is a Pause option in the Sequence menu. If you select
Pause in the Sequence Status dialog box, you can edit the paused sequence (see section 5.6).
Selecting Pause makes the toggle option read Resume. Select Resume to resume the sequence run.
To abort a sequence, you issue an Abort command. There are Abort buttons in the control center, tool
bar, and Sequence Status dialog box, and there is an Abort option in the Sequence menu. You may
abort a paused sequence.

5.4.4.2 VIEWING DATA FILES

Once a measurement is complete, you may open any of the data files that are storing the sequence
measurement data. To open a data file, select the Sequence Base Data File Name View button in the
control center. The button opens the Select a Data File dialog box, which by default lists the names of
only the files that are either actively storing sequence measurement data or that will store data the next
time a sequence runs. The files share the identical base name. You select a data file and then select
the Open button. The graph view of the data file opens.

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Sequence Files Editing a Paused Sequence Run

5.5 Running a Partial Sequence

1. Open a sequence file. Do one of the following: (a) select the Selected Sequence Edit button in
the control center to open the selected sequence or (b) select SequencehOpen to open any other
sequence.
2. Move the highlight bar so that it highlights the command or commands you want to run. To
select a contiguous block of commands, click on a command and then drag the mouse through
other commands; or click on a command, press <Shift>, and then click on another command or
press the up-arrow or down-arrow key on the PC keyboard. You can select but you cannot run
noncontiguous blocks of commands.
3. Select Run. The Run Sequence dialog box pops
up. The options enabled in the dialog box are
determined by the command or commands you
have selected in the sequence.
4. Select the appropriate option⎯either Run
selected block or Run from cursor to end of
sequence⎯and then select OK. MPMS
MultiVu runs only the selected commands.

Figure 5-6. Run Sequence Pop-up

Dialog Box

5.6 Editing a Paused Sequence Run

1. Click once in the Sequence Status panel while a sequence is running. The Sequence Status
dialog box opens and lists all commands in the active sequence. A highlight bar highlights the
command MPMS MultiVu is executing.
2. Select Pause in the Sequence Status dialog box. The Edit Remaining Cmds and Reload
Remaining Cmds buttons in the Sequence Status dialog box are enabled.
In the Sequence Status dialog box, the Executing Sequence File panel identifies the running
sequence. The Current Line panel displays the line number of the highlighted command.

Figure 5-7. Sequence Status Dialog Box Shown While Running Sequence Is Paused

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Section 5.6 Chapter 5
Editing a Paused Sequence Run Sequence Files

3. Select Edit Remaining Cmds. MPMS MultiVu copies all unexecuted commands to another
sequence file, called the command list, or CmdList.seq, file. If MPMS MultiVu was
executing a control loop when you selected Pause, MPMS MultiVu copies all commands in
the control loop⎯including the executed commands⎯to the CmdList.seq file.
Edit Remaining Cmds opens the sequence editor listing all commands in the CmdList.seq
file. The commands highlighted in the sequence editor and in the Sequence Status dialog box
are identical.
MPMS MultiVu has one CmdList.seq file that it creates the first time Edit Remaining Cmds
is selected. MPMS MultiVu overwrites CmdList.seq each subsequent time Edit Remaining
Cmds is selected. After MPMS MultiVu creates the CmdList.seq file, you may open it at
any time, and you may save it as another file.

Figure 5-8. Sequence Editor Showing Example of Command List Sequence File

4. Edit the CmdList.seq file. Refer to section 5.3.2. Notice that you are editing the
CmdList.seq file; the active sequence file you paused remains unmodified.
5. Select FilehSave to save the CmdList.seq file. You must save any modifications you made
to the file in order to run the modified version of the file. If you do not save the modified file,
MPMS MultiVu runs the original CmdList.seq file, which contains only the unexecuted
commands from the paused sequence.
6. Select Reload Remaining Cmds in the Sequence Status dialog box. MPMS MultiVu loads the
commands from the CmdList.seq file into the Sequence Status dialog box and removes all
commands that are part of the paused sequence.
7. Select Resume. MPMS MultiVu runs the CmdList.seq file, starting with the first command
in the file.
The command buttons in the Sequence Status dialog box are enabled only while a sequence runs. The
status information in the dialog box disappears when the sequence run completes or is aborted.
Selecting SequencehStatus also opens the Sequence Status dialog box.

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C H A P T E R 6

Sequence Commands

6.1 Introduction
This chapter contains the following information:

• Section 6.2 presents an overview of the • Section 6.1 describes the center sequence
sequence commands and includes a guide commands.
listing page numbers for the commands
in this chapter.
• Section 6.3 discusses the scan sequence • Section 6.6 describes the measure
commands and control loop operation. sequence commands.
• Section 6.4 describes the system sequence • Section 6.7 describes the diagnostic
commands. sequence commands.

6.2 Overview of Sequence Commands

A sequence command instructs the MPMS or an MPMS option to perform one task within a sequence
of automated tasks. Any number of sequence commands initiating different tasks may appear in any
order in a sequence file. Each sequence command works independently; a sequence command does
not know which tasks are performed when the other commands in the sequence are executed.
MPMS MultiVu has system, center, measure, and diagnostic sequence commands. The sequence
command bar (figure 5-1) lists the names of all sequence commands. In the command bar, commands
are grouped according to type, and the command groups appear, from the top to the bottom of the bar,
in the order you normally select them. Commands are alphabetized within each command group.
A minus sign appearing to the left of a command group indicates the group is expanded. A plus sign
indicates the group is collapsed.
When you select a sequence command, MPMS MultiVu prompts you to either review the command
parameters or verify that you want to include the command in the sequence file. As soon as you select
OK in the pop-up dialog box or pop-up message, the command and its parameters appear on a single
line immediately above the highlight bar in the sequence editor (figure 5-2). Generally, whenever you
select a sequence command in the sequence command bar, the parameters of that command duplicate
the last command of the same type included in a sequence. The first time you select a sequence
command, the command parameters are set to default values.
Section 5.3.2 explains how you edit a sequence. Section 5.3.3 explains how you modify the
parameters of a command that is already in a sequence.

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Overview of Sequence Commands Sequence Commands

6.2.1 End Sequence Command

Every sequence includes the End Sequence command. End Sequence is always the final command
in a sequence. When you create a sequence file, MPMS MultiVu inserts End Sequence into the
sequence in order to mark the conclusion of the sequence. The highlight bar in the sequence editor
may highlight, or select, End Sequence, but you cannot copy, remove, or insert End Sequence.

6.2.2 Similarities between Sequence Commands and Menu Options

Some sequence commands and MPMS MultiVu menu options perform identical tasks. For example,
the InstrumenthField menu option and the Set Field sequence command both set the magnetic field.
Menu option commands execute immediately. Sequence commands execute only when the sequence
in which the commands reside runs. You must manually select each menu option, but a sequence can
automate any number of sequence commands. Menu option dialog boxes often display relevant status
information. Sequence command dialog boxes do not display status information.

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Chapter 6 Section 6.2
Sequence Commands Overview of Sequence Commands

6.2.3 Guide to Location of Commands in Chapter

6.2.3.1 SYSTEM COMMANDS

COMMAND PAGE COMMAND PAGE

Move Sample 6-9 Scan Temperature 6-14

Remark 6-10 Set Field 6-16
Run Sequence 6-10 Set Temperature Undercool 6-16
Scan Field 6-10 Set Temperature 6-16
Scan Rotation 6-13 Wait For 6-17

6.2.3.2 CENTER COMMANDS

COMMAND PAGE COMMAND PAGE

Adjust Position 6-18 Full DC Scan 6-19

DC Center 6-18 Initialize Transport 6-19
DC Parameters 6-18

6.2.3.3 MEASURE COMMANDS

COMMAND PAGE COMMAND PAGE

Measure DC 6-20 Set Datafile 6-21

6.2.3.4 BRIDGE CHANNEL DIAGNOSTIC COMMANDS

COMMAND PAGE COMMAND PAGE

Autorange 6-21 Max Excitation 6-22

Autoscan 6-22 User Mode 6-22

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Overview of Sequence Commands Sequence Commands

6.2.3.5 CALIBRATION FACTOR DIAGNOSTIC COMMANDS

COMMAND PAGE COMMAND PAGE

Magnet 6-22 Fill Power 6-24

SQUID 6-23 Oven Factor 6-24
Field Penetration 6-23 Maximum Temperature 6-24
SQUID Extended Range 6-23 Minimum Warming Rate 6-25
SQUID Regression 6-23 Maximum Rate on Pot 6-25
Minimum Data Points 6-23 Low-Temp. Heater Factor 6-25
Trans. Rotator Steps/Degree 6-23 Reservoir Fill 6-25
SQUID Settle Time 6-23 Therm. Consistency Tol. 6-25
Temperature Tolerance 6-24 Inductance 6-26
Low Temperature 6-24 Charge Rate 6-26
Fill Temperature 6-24 Quench Time 6-26
Fill Time 6-24 Cool Time 6-26

6.2.3.6 CHAMBER DIAGNOSTIC COMMANDS

COMMAND PAGE COMMAND PAGE

Cooling Valve 6-27 Start Valve Sequence 6-28

Flush Valve 6-27 Valve Sequencing 6-28
Impedance Heater 6-27 Valve/Heater Select 6-28
Level Meter 6-28 Vent Valve 6-28

6.2.3.7 DRIVER CHANNEL DIAGNOSTIC COMMANDS

COMMAND PAGE COMMAND PAGE

Assigned Input 6-29 Output Power 6-30

Balance Point 6-29 PID Differentiator 6-31
Feedback Mode 6-29 PID Gain 6-31
Maximum Power 6-30 PID Integrator 6-31
Minimum Power 6-30 PID Preset 6-31
Output Range 6-30 Updates 6-31

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Sequence Commands Overview of Sequence Commands

6.2.3.8 MAGNET DIAGNOSTIC COMMANDS

COMMAND PAGE COMMAND PAGE

Charging Mode 6-32 Magnet Relay 6-33

High-Resolution Mode 6-32 Magnet Reset 6-33
High-Resolution Relay 6-32 Switch Heater 6-33
Magnet Current 6-32 Update Magnetic Field 6-33
Magnet Power 6-32

6.2.3.9 SQUID DIAGNOSTIC COMMANDS

COMMAND PAGE COMMAND PAGE

Auto Reset 6-34 SQUID Gain 6-35

Group Reset 6-34 SQUID Heater 6-35
Select Mode 6-34 SQUID Quench 6-35
Select Power 6-34 SQUID Range 6-35
Select Tune 6-34 SQUID Reset 6-35
SQUID Filter 6-34

6.2.3.10 DATA LOGGING COMMANDS

COMMAND PAGE COMMAND PAGE

Start Data Logging 6-36 Stop Data Logging 6-36

6.2.3.11 TRANSPORT DIAGNOSTIC COMMANDS

COMMAND PAGE COMMAND PAGE

Auto Tracking 6-36 Rotate to Zero 6-37

Calibrate Long 6-36 Set Long Acceleration 6-37
Calibrate Rotator 6-37 Set Long Initial Rate 6-38
Define Long 6-37 Set Long Power 6-38
Move Long 6-37 Set Long Slew 6-38
Move Rotator 6-37 Stop Rotator 6-38

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Overview of Sequence Commands Sequence Commands

6.2.3.12 VOLTMETER DIAGNOSTIC COMMANDS

COMMAND PAGE COMMAND PAGE

Readings to Average 6-39 Set Gain 6-39

Sampling Rate 6-39

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Sequence Commands Scan Commands

6.3 Scan Commands

Scan Field, Scan Rotation, and Scan Temperature are special sequence commands called scan
commands. Scan commands are in the System commands group. Scan commands, unlike other
sequence commands, can instruct the MPMS to perform multipart tasks, such as setting a range of
magnetic fields, within a control loop. The scan command automatically creates the control loop.
A control loop may include any number of other sequence commands, including other types of scan
commands. A Scan Temperature control loop, for example, may include Scan Field and Scan
Rotation commands, but it should not include another Scan Temperature command.

6.3.1 Operation of Control Loop

When MPMS MultiVu works in a control loop, it executes commands cyclically. Immediately after
performing one part of the multipart task, MPMS MultiVu sequentially executes all other commands
in the control loop. After reading the End Scan command, MPMS MultiVu returns to the beginning
of the loop and performs the next part of the multipart task and then sequentially executes the other
commands in the loop. MPMS MultiVu repeats this cycle until it performs all parts of the multipart
task defined by the scan command.
Each command line listing a command that is inside a control loop is slightly indented from the left
side of the sequence editor. The scan command beginning the loop and the End Scan command
concluding the loop are not indented. Figure 6-1 illustrates a Scan Temperature control loop nested
inside a Scan Field control loop.

Figure 6-1. Illustration of Control Loop in Sequence Editor

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Scan Commands Sequence Commands

6.3.2 End Scan Command

MPMS MultiVu adds the End Scan command to the end of every control loop to mark the conclusion
of the loop. When MPMS MultiVu reads End Scan, it returns to the beginning of the loop unless it
has completed the multipart task defined by the scan command. End Scan does not instruct the
MPMS to perform a task.
Any edits you apply to End Scan affect the entire control loop. If you copy End Scan, you copy all
commands in the control loop. If you try to cut or delete End Scan, a warning message pops up. The
message states that the edit will cut or delete the entire control loop.

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Sequence Commands Center Commands

6.4 System Commands

System commands control the basic operation of the MPMS hardware and perform advanced
sequence-editing functions. All system commands, except Scan Rotation, are standard on every
MPMS unit. Scan Rotation is available only if the Horizontal Rotator option or Vertical Rotator
option is active.
Several system commands pause a sequence run until the condition or conditions affected by the
command stabilize. Scan Field, Set Field, and Wait For automatically pause a sequence run. Scan
Temperature pauses a sequence run when the settle approach mode is active. Including any of these
commands in a sequence ensures that system conditions stabilize during the sequence run.

The three scan commands⎯Scan Field, Scan Temperature, and Scan Rotation⎯are system
commands. Section 6.3 discusses the operation of the scan commands in detail.

6.4.1 Move Sample

Move Sample moves the sample transport or redefines the location of the transport.
If a position to which the sample transport cannot move is specified, a warning message pops up when
MPMS MultiVu reads Move Sample.

Figure 6-2. Move Transport Dialog Box

PARAMETER DEFINITION VALUES

Position Position to which transport moves or position (Variable) cm

MPMS MultiVu redefines.
Movement Mode Task or tasks performed. • Move to position
• Move to limit and define
• Redefine present position

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System Commands Sequence Commands

6.4.1.1 MOVEMENT MODES

• Move to position. Move-to-position mode moves the sample transport to the specified position.
The transport moves in absolute coordinates.
• Move to limit and define. Move-to-limit-and-define mode moves the sample transport to the
lower-travel-limit switch. When the transport is at the switch, MPMS MultiVu defines the switch
as the specified position.
• Redefine present position. Redefine present position mode instructs MPMS MultiVu to redefine
the transport’s present position as the specified position.

6.4.2 Remark
Remark inserts a text string, called a remark, or a blank line into a sequence file. A remark, which
clarifies a sequence operation for other MPMS users, may have up to 1000 characters. A blank line
separates consecutive commands. Neither a remark nor a blank line is a command that instructs the
MPMS to perform a task.

6.4.3 Run Sequence

Run Sequence inserts a sequence file into another sequence file so that the added sequence file runs
as a single command when the parent sequence runs. You may insert a sequence file into itself.

6.4.4 Scan Field

Scan Field stabilizes a series of magnetic fields in a specified field range and pauses the sequence run
until each field set point is stable. The superconducting magnet limits the maximum possible field.
Scan Field is a scan command. Section 6.3 discusses the scan commands in detail.

Changing the field when the helium level is less than 30% may quench
and thus damage the magnet. Before changing the field, MPMS MultiVu
checks the level of helium in the dewar and generates a warning message
if the helium level is less than 30%.
CAUTION

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Sequence Commands Center Commands

Figure 6-3. Scan Field Dialog Box

PARAMETER DEFINITION VALUES

Initial Field First set point in field range. (Variable) Oe

Final Field Last set point in field range. (Variable) Oe
Spacing Mode of spacing set points. • Number of Steps
• Increments (Oe)
• Inverse Field
• Steps Number of set points. • Steps
• Increment • Increment (Oe)
Approach Mode of approaching set points. • Oscillate
• No Overshoot
• Hysteresis Mode
Mode Resolution mode for set points. • Hi Res Disabled
• Hi Res Enabled

6.4.4.1 SPACING MODES

The spacing mode and steps mode parameters are interdependent. The selected spacing mode
determines which steps mode parameter option is available.

• Number of steps. In number-of-steps mode, MPMS MultiVu uses the number of set points in the
field range to determine the incremental spacing between the set points. MPMS MultiVu
calculates an increment that evenly spaces the set points and that ensures the last field set equals
the final field specified.
• Increments. In increments spacing mode, MPMS MultiVu uses the incremental change of the
field intensity to determine the spacing between the set points. MPMS MultiVu calculates the
number of set points that are evenly spaced by the increment and that ensures the last field set
equals the final field specified. MPMS MultiVu may modify the increment value to ensure that
the last field set and the final field specified are identical.
• Inverse field. In inverse-field spacing mode, MPMS MultiVu uses the inverse of each set point in
the field range to determine the incremental spacing between the set points. MPMS MultiVu
calculates the increment that spaces the inverse of the set points and that ensures the last field set
equals the final field specified. The set points are not evenly spaced; spacing decreases as the field
approaches zero.

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System Commands Sequence Commands

6.4.4.2 STEPS MODES

• Steps. Steps mode indicates the number of set points in the field range. Only integers greater
than zero may represent the number of set points. Steps is the available option only if Number of
Steps or Inverse Field is the selected spacing mode.
• Increment. Increment mode indicates the incremental change between the field set points. Any
positive, nonzero integer or decimal value may represent the incremental change. Increment is
the available option only if Increments is the selected spacing mode.

6.4.4.3 APPROACH MODES

• Oscillate. In oscillate mode, the field oscillates, in decreasing amplitude oscillations, around
the set point until the field is within 80 G of the set point, and then the MPMS sets the field. Once
the field is set, the Model 1822 MPMS Controller turns off the magnet power supply,
so the magnet is superconducting again.
• No overshoot. In no-overshoot mode, the field charges to 70% of the difference between the
set point and the present field, and then slowly approaches the set point, from one direction, in
continuous 70% increments. The field slowly approaches the set point until it is close enough
to the set point to drive directly to it. Once the field is set, the Model 1822 turns off the magnet
power supply, so the magnet is superconducting again.
• Hysteresis mode. In hysteresis mode, the field charges directly to the set point. The control
PC keeps the magnet power supply turned on, so current constantly flows to the magnet, and
the persistence switch heater remains warm. Hysteresis mode sets fields more rapidly but less
accurately than oscillate mode or no-overshoot mode.

Table 6-1. Suggested Use of Field Approach Modes

MODE WHEN TO USE

Oscillate • To set fields accurately.

• To eliminate magnetic relaxation effects in superconducting magnets.
• To allow MPMS to immediately work at high sensitivities following large
changes in fields.
• To avoid excessive helium boil-off.
No Overshoot • To prevent field from oscillating between positive and negative fields.
• To prevent field from exceeding set point.
• To avoid excessive helium boil-off.
Hysteresis • To set fields rapidly.

6.4.4.4 RESOLUTION MODES

• Hi res disabled. When high resolution is disabled, MPMS MultiVu sets each set point within
1 G of the value of the set point.

• Hi res enabled. When high resolution is enabled, MPMS MultiVu sets each set point within 0.10
G of the value of the set point when the MPMS operates at fields of 5000 G or less.

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6.4.5 Scan Rotation

Scan Rotation moves the rotator motor to a series of positions that are within a specified range
of angular movement. All positions set with Scan Rotation are equally spaced. Scan Rotation is
available only if the Horizontal Rotator or the Vertical Rotator option is active.
Scan Rotation is a scan command. Section 6.3 discusses the scan commands in detail.

Figure 6-4. Scan Rotation Dialog Box

PARAMETER DEFINITION VALUES

Initial Position First set point in range. 0−360°

Final Position Last set point in range. 0−360°
Spacing Mode of spacing set points. • Steps
• Increment (deg)
• Steps Number of set points. • Steps
• Increment • Increment (deg)

6.4.5.1 SPACING MODES

The spacing mode and steps mode parameters are interdependent. The selected spacing mode
determines which steps mode parameter option is available.

• Steps. In steps spacing mode, MPMS MultiVu uses the number of set points in the range of
angular movement to determine the incremental spacing between the set points. MPMS MultiVu
calculates an increment that evenly spaces the set points and that ensures the last position set
equals the final position specified.
• Increment. In increment spacing mode, MPMS MultiVu uses the incremental change of the set
points to determine the spacing between the set points. MPMS MultiVu calculates the number of
set points that are evenly spaced by the increment and that ensures the last position set equals the
final position specified.

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6.4.5.2 STEPS MODES

• Steps. Steps mode indicates the number of set points in the range of angular movement. Only
integers greater than zero may represent the number of set points. Steps is the available option
only if Steps is the selected spacing mode.
• Increment. Increment mode indicates the incremental change between the set points. Any
positive, nonzero integer or decimal value may represent the incremental change. Increment is
the available option only if Increments is the selected spacing mode.

6.4.6 Scan Temperature

Scan Temperature sets a series of temperatures in a specified temperature range. When the settle
approach mode is active, Scan Temperature pauses the sequence run until each temperature set point
is stable. The state of the MPMS and the maximum system temperature limit the maximum possible
temperature.
Scan Temperature is a scan command. Section 6.3 discusses the scan commands in detail.

Figure 6-5. Scan Temperature Dialog Box

PARAMETER DEFINITION VALUES

Initial Temp First set point in range. 1.7−400 K

Final Temp Last set point in range. 1.7−400 K
Spacing Mode of spacing set points. • Number of Steps
• Increments (K)
• Inverse Temp
• Steps Number of set points. • Steps
• Increment • Increment
Rate Rate of approaching set points. 0.001−10 K/min.
Approach Mode Mode of approaching set points. • Settle
• Sweep

If the MPMS Oven is installed, the temperature range varies from the range displayed above.

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6.4.6.1 SPACING MODES

The spacing mode and steps mode parameters are interdependent. The selected spacing mode
determines which steps mode parameter option is available.

• Number of steps. In number-of-steps mode, MPMS MultiVu uses the number of set points
in the temperature range to determine the incremental spacing between the set points. MPMS
MultiVu calculates an increment that evenly spaces the set points and that ensures the last
temperature set equals the final temperature specified.
• Increments. In increments mode, MPMS MultiVu uses the incremental change of the set points
to determine the spacing between the set points. MPMS MultiVu calculates the number of set
points that are evenly spaced by the increment and that ensures the last temperature set equals the
final temperature specified. MPMS MultiVu may modify the increment value to ensure that the
last temperature set and the final temperature specified are identical.
• Inverse temperature. In inverse-temperature mode, MPMS MultiVu uses the inverse of each set
point in the temperature range to determine the incremental spacing between the set points.
MPMS MultiVu calculates the increment that spaces the inverse of the set points and that ensures
the last temperature set equals the final temperature specified. The set points are not evenly
spaced; spacing decreases as the temperature approaches zero.

6.4.6.2 STEPS MODES

• Steps. Steps mode indicates the number of set points in the temperature range. Only integers
greater than zero may represent the number of set points. Steps is the available option only if
Number of Steps or Inverse Temp is the selected spacing mode.
• Increment. Increment mode indicates the incremental change between the set points. Any
positive, nonzero integer or decimal value may represent the incremental change. Increment is
the enabled option only if Increments is the selected spacing mode.

6.4.6.3 APPROACH MODES

• Settle. In settle mode, the temperature stabilizes at each set point before MPMS MultiVu executes
the other commands in the control loop.
• Sweep. In the sweep mode, the temperature sweeps through all set points without stabilizing at
any temperature. The temperature continues to sweep while MPMS MultiVu executes the other
commands in the control loop.

Table 6-2. Suggested Use of Temperature Approach Modes

MODE WHEN TO USE

Settle • To set temperatures accurately.

• To stabilize temperature at each set point.
• To measure samples that are highly
sensitive to temperature.
Sweep • To quickly sweep through all set points.

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6.4.7 Set Field

Set Field sets the magnetic field and pauses the sequence run until the field set point is stable. The
superconducting magnet limits the maximum possible field.

PARAMETER DEFINITION VALUES

Field Set point. (Variable) Oe

Approach Mode of approaching set point. • Oscillate
• No Overshoot
• Hysteresis Mode
Mode Resolution mode for set point. • Hi Res Disabled
• Hi Res Enabled

Section 6.4.4.3 discusses the approach modes. Section 6.4.4.4 discusses the resolution modes.

6.4.8 Set Temperature Undercool

Set Temperature Undercool turns on undercool mode for non-ETC (Enhanced Temperature Control)
systems. When Set Temperature Undercool is enabled, the target temperature is reached more
quickly by cooling past it and then oscillating back towards it.

6.4.9 Set Temperature

Set Temperature sets the system temperature. The state of the MPMS and the maximum system
temperature limit the maximum possible temperature.

PARAMETER DEFINITION VALUES

Temperature Set point. 1.7−400 K

Rate Rate of approaching set point. 0.001−10 K/min.

If the MPMS Oven is installed, the temperature range varies from the range displayed above.

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6.4.10 Wait For

Wait For pauses a sequence run for a specified length of time after all selected system conditions
stabilize. If no system condition is selected, Wait For pauses the sequence run the specified length
of time. Wait For can pause a sequence run up to 1 hour.

Figure 6-6. Wait For Dialog Box

Table 6-3. System Conditions Affected by Wait For Command

CONDITION DEFINITION

Temp Stable System waits for temperature to stabilize.

Temperature System waits for temperature to be reached but does not wait for
temperature to stabilize unless temperature is target temperature.
Field System waits for field to stabilize.
Position System waits for transport to stop moving.

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6.5 Center Commands

Center commands perform all system operations related to centering a sample in the SQUID pickup
coils. Center commands prepare the MPMS to perform a sample measurement. In a sequence, center
commands generally precede a measure command.
DC centering commands are standard on all MPMS units. AC centering commands are available only
when the AC option is installed. RSO centering commands are available only when the RSO option is
installed. Refer to the Magnetic Property Measurement System: AC Option User’s Manual for specific
information about AC centering commands. Refer to the Magnetic Property Measurement System:
Reciprocating Sample Option User’s Manual for specific information about RSO centering commands.

6.5.1 Adjust Position

Adjust Position automatically adjusts the position of a sample that was not fully centered when a
centering measurement was run. Adjust Position typically follows a DC Center command.

6.5.2 DC Center
DC Center runs a DC centering measurement in accordance with the specified DC centering
parameters. DC Center follows the DC Parameters command and precedes the Adjust Position
command.

6.5.3 DC Parameters
DC Parameters defines the scan and SQUID parameters MPMS MultiVu uses during a partial DC
centering measurement. DC Parameters precedes the DC Center command.

Figure 6-7. DC Center Parameters Dialog Box

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PARAMETER DEFINITION VALUES

Scan Length Length of transport’s travel path that is scanned. 0.1−12 cm

Data Points Individual voltage readings taken during scan. 2−64
Autotracking Automatic adjustment of sample’s position to keep • Enabled
sample centered. • Disabled
Measurement Axis SQUID axis from which measurements are taken. • Longitudinal
• Transverse1
EMU Range Maximum magnetic moment system can measure • Autoranging
without saturating SQUID detector. • Normal
• Extended2
1
The Transverse option is enabled only if the Transverse SQUID is installed.
2
The Extended option is enabled only if the EDR option is installed.

6.5.3.1 EMU MODES

• Autoranging. When autoranging is enabled, MPMS MultiVu changes the EMU range as
necessary so that it is appropriate for the SQUID output. By default, autoranging is enabled.
Disable autoranging only if you know the sample’s approximate EMU value.
• Normal. In normal mode, MPMS MultiVu uses whatever normal EMU range is selected.
You select the range that is appropriate for the sample. Normal is enabled only when auto-ranging
is disabled.
• Extended. In extended mode, MPMS MultiVu uses whatever extended EMU range is selected.
You select the range that is appropriate for the sample. Selecting an extended range is mandatory
if the sample has a very high magnetic moment. Extended is enabled only when autoranging is
disabled and the Extended Range (EDR) option is installed.

6.5.4 Full DC Scan

Full DC Scan runs a full DC centering measurement.

6.5.5 Initialize Transport

Initialize Transport initializes, or calibrates, the sample transport by first lowering the transport to the
lower-travel-limit switch, which is defined as zero, and then raising the transport until it is in a known
position that is just above the lower-travel-limit switch.

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6.6 Measure Commands

Measure commands control all system operations related to measuring the SQUID’s response to
the magnetic moment of the sample.
The Measure DC command and Set Datafile command are standard on all MPMS units. Other mea-
surement commands are available when MPMS measurement options are installed. For information
about any of the measurement option sequence commands, refer to the appropriate option manual.

6.6.1 Measure DC
Measure DC measures the SQUID’s response to the magnetic moment of the sample and defines the
scan and SQUID parameters MPMS MultiVu uses during a DC sample measurement.

Figure 6-8. Measure DC Dialog Box for Sequence Measurement

PARAMETER DEFINITION VALUES

Scan Length Length of transport’s travel path that is scanned. 0.1−12 cm

Scans to Average Number of scans run for one measurement. 1−50
Data Points Individual voltage readings taken during scan. 2−64
Autotracking Automatic adjustment of sample’s position to • Enabled
keep sample centered. • Disabled
Measurement Axis SQUID axis from which measurements are • Longitudinal
taken. • Transverse1
Algorithm Measurement algorithm used to calculate sample • Iterative Regression
moment. • Full Scan
• Linear Regression
EMU Range Maximum magnetic moment system can • Autoranging
measure without saturating SQUID detector. • Normal
• Extended2
1
The Transverse option is enabled only if the Transverse SQUID is installed.
2
The Extended option is enabled only if the EDR option is installed.

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6.6.2 Set Datafile

Set Datafile makes different or new data files the active files that store data generated during
a sequence run. Set Datafile must precede a measurement command in order to instruct MPMS
MultiVu to save the data generated by that measurement to the new files.

6.7 Diagnostic Commands

Diagnostic commands are low-level commands that directly control the hardware in the MPMS sample
chamber. Diagnostic commands are grouped according to type. The subgroups are alphabetized, and
the commands are alphabetized within each subgroup. Bridge channels, chamber, driver channels,
magnet, SQUID, transport, voltmeter, and some calibration factor commands are always available.
Additional commands are available only when measurement options are installed. For information
about any of the measurement option sequence commands, refer to the appropriate option manual.
When a diagnostic parameter is changed, the system temperature control may also be changed. The
MPMS resets the system temperature if a parameter value that creates an unacceptable temperature
is specified.

Use diagnostic commands only if you are thoroughly familiar with the
MPMS and its operation. Misuse of the diagnostic commands can damage
the system hardware.
CAUTION

6.7.1 Bridge Channels Commands

The bridge channels commands change the sensor parameters of the four physical channels on the
Model 1802 Digital R/G Bridge.

6.7.1.1 AUTORANGE
Autorange enables or disables autoranging on the specified bridge channel. Autoranging instructs
the Model 1802 to change the channel’s gain and excitation values as necessary so that the channel
produces a nonsaturated reading. If autoranging is enabled, the Model 1802 sets the maximum
excitation current for the specified channel.

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6.7.1.2 AUTOSCAN
Autoscan enables or disables autoscanning on the specified bridge channel. Autoscanning instructs
the Model 1802 to read the bridge channel once during a control loop. If autoscanning is disabled, the
Model 1802 reads the channel only when specifically requested to do so. Disabling autoscanning on
noncontrolling bridge channels accelerates the control loop. Autoscanning must be enabled if the
bridge channel will be the input sensor for a driver channel.

6.7.1.3 MAX EXCITATION

Max Excitation sets the maximum excitation current for the specified bridge channel. The maximum
excitation current may be 0.05, 0.5, 5.0, or 50.0 µA.
If autoranging is enabled on the specified bridge channel, the MPMS automatically sets the maximum
excitation current for that channel.

6.7.1.4 USER MODE

User Mode determines whether the data read by the specified bridge channel is expressed as
conductance or resistance⎯that is, as ohms or millimhos, respectively.
If the specified bridge channel is the input sensor for a driver channel, the bridge channel’s user
mode determines whether the driver control parameters are expressed as conductance or resistance.

6.7.2 Calibration Factor Commands

The calibration factor commands change the calibration factors of the MPMS and of any installed
MPMS options. For information about any of the measurement option sequence commands, refer to
the appropriate option manual.

Calibration factors may be changed only if a later calibration test has been
performed on the MPMS or if the MPMS must complete nonstandard tasks.
Only personnel who are thoroughly familiar with the MPMS and its operation
should change calibration factors. The default calibration factors are set so
CAUTION that the system calibration reflects the unique attributes of the individual
MPMS unit.

6.7.2.1 MAGNET
Magnet sets the magnet calibration factor, which is the field-to-current, or B/I, ratio. Each MPMS
has a unique default B/I ratio.

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6.7.2.2 SQUID
SQUID sets the SQUID calibration factor for a SQUID axis. Each MPMS has a unique default
SQUID calibration factor.

6.7.2.3 FIELD PENETRATION

Field Penetration sets the field-penetration calibration factor, which adjusts the SQUID calibration
factor for the current magnetic field.

6.7.2.4 SQUID EXTENDED RANGE

SQUID Extended Range sets the extended range for a SQUID axis. Each SQUID axis has a unique
default extended range.

6.7.2.5 SQUID REGRESSION

SQUID Regression sets the regression factor for a SQUID axis.

6.7.2.6 MINIMUM DATA POINTS

Minimum Data Points sets the minimum number of data points MPMS MultiVu reads during a scan.

6.7.2.7 TRANSVERSE ROTATOR STEPS/DEGREE

Transverse Rotator Steps/Degree sets the number of steps per degree that the transverse sample
rotator moves. Each transverse sample rotator has a unique default number of steps per degree.

6.7.2.8 SQUID SETTLE TIME

SQUID Settle Time sets the settle time for a SQUID filter. The settle time is the delay the SQUID
electronics require in order to provide accurate readings.

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6.7.2.9 TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE

Temperature Tolerance sets the temperature tolerance. The temperature is stable when it remains
within the temperature tolerance for 1 minute. A temperature tolerance of .005 is recommended.

6.7.2.10 LOW TEMPERATURE

Low Temperature sets the low temperature, which is the minimum temperature that can be set
without the MPMS using the helium reservoir, or “pot,” to control the temperature. At sea level,
the low temperature is 4.43 K.

6.7.2.11 FILL TEMPERATURE

Fill Temperature sets the fill temperature, which is the temperature the MPMS maintains while
the helium reservoir is being filled. At sea level, the fill temperature is 4.15 K.

6.7.2.12 FILL TIME

Fill Time sets the fill time, which is the length of time the helium reservoir collects helium. A fill time
of 650 seconds is recommended.

6.7.2.13 FILL POWER

Fill Power sets the fill power, which is the amount of power sent to the proportional valve while the
helium reservoir is being filled. The fill power determines the reservoir’s rate of helium collection.
A fill power of 3.5 mW/Ω is recommended.

6.7.2.14 OVEN FACTOR

Oven Factor sets the oven calibration factor, which is the calibration factor allowing the MPMS to
accurately report the temperature of the sample chamber when the Oven option is installed. Each oven
has a unique default oven calibration factor.

6.7.2.15 MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE

Maximum Temperature sets the maximum system temperature.

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6.7.2.16 MINIMUM WARMING RATE

Minimum Warming Rate sets the minimum warming rate, which is the rate at which the temperature
changes while being warmed by the sample chamber heater. The minimum warming rate is not
checked if the current temperature is less than 50 K and the maximum power that can be applied to the
sample chamber heater is less than 12 mW/Ω.

6.7.2.17 MAXIMUM RATE ON POT

Maximum Rate on Pot sets the maximum rate on the “pot,” or helium reservoir. The maximum rate
on the pot is the rate at which the temperature changes while it operates below the low temperature.
The maximum rate on the pot cannot be less than the minimum warming rate.

6.7.2.18 LOW-TEMPERATURE HEATER FACTOR

Low-Temperature Heater Factor sets the low-temperature heater factor, which modifies the heating
characteristics of the MPMS when the MPMS operates at low temperatures.

6.7.2.19 RESERVOIR FILL

Reservoir Fill determines whether the Continuous Low-Temperature Control (CLTC) system fills the
cold reservoir. Selecting On instructs the CLTC system to fill the cold reservoir before setting the tar-
get temperature, and selecting Off allows the CLTC system to sweep to low temperatures.

6.7.2.20 THERMOMETER CONSISTENCY TOLERANCE

Thermometer Consistency Tolerance sets the thermometer consistency tolerance, which is half the
minimum difference (less than 4 K) required between the germanium and platinum thermometers
before they are checked for failures. If a thermometer fails, both Model 1802 drivers are shut down.
The recommended tolerance is 3 K.
Thermometer Consistency Tolerance is available only on systems that do not include the Enhanced
Temperature Control (ETC) option.

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6.7.2.21 INDUCTANCE
Inductance sets the magnet inductance factor for the 7-T magnet.

6.7.2.22 CHARGE RATE

Charge Rate sets the magnet charging rate for the 7-T magnet. The magnet charging rate controls
how quickly the magnet current is charged.

6.7.2.23 QUENCH TIME

Quench Time sets the number of seconds the quench heater remains on when the 7-T magnet is being
quenched at 0 G. Quench times at other fields are calculated from the value set with Quench Time.

6.7.2.24 COOL TIME

Cool Time sets the number of seconds the 7-T magnet cools after being quenched at zero field.
If the magnet is quenched at a field other than zero, the magnet is cooled for double the time set
with Cool Time.

6.7.3 Chamber Commands

The chamber commands provide direct, low-level control of the MPMS gas system.

6.7.3.1 COOLING VALVE

Cooling Valve opens or closes the cooling valve. The cooling valve should normally remain closed.
You open the cooling valve to quickly clear the large pumping line, to initiate a high-speed cooling
process, or to obtain the lowest possible temperatures in the temperature control system. The cooling
valve has the largest capacity of all valves connecting the vacuum pump and the cooling annulus.

6.7.3.2 FLUSH VALVE

Flush Valve opens or closes the flush valve. The flush valve should normally remain open. You
close the flush valve during a purge sequence. The flush valve connects the vacuum pump to the
airlock space.

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6.7.3.3 IMPEDANCE HEATER

Impedance Heater sets the operating mode for the impedance heater. The impedance heater warms
the impedance, which is a small tube controlling the flow of gas from the helium bath into the probe.
The specified mode for the impedance heater determines how much helium flows into the probe. As
power to the impedance heater increases, the heated and expanding gas blocks the narrow passage of
the impedance.

Table 6-4. Operating Modes for Impedance Heater

OPERATING
MODE DEFINITION

Heater is off, so impedance is completely open. Helium

Off
flows freely into probe.
Heater is in low-power mode, so impedance is partially
Low
open. Restricted amount of helium flows into probe.
Heater is in high-power mode, so impedance is closed.
High
Helium cannot flow into probe.

6.7.3.4 LEVEL METER

Level Meter turns on or off the helium level meter, which is a perforated tube running the length of
the probe and measuring the level of liquid helium in the dewar. The helium level meter should
normally be turned off. You turn it on only to plot or update the helium level. When you turn on the
helium level meter, it remains on until you turn it off.

Turn on the helium level meter only to plot or update the helium level.
By keeping the meter off at all other times, you minimize both the loss
of helium and the risk of damaging the meter.
CAUTION

MPMS MultiVu automatically turns on the helium level meter once every 30 minutes in order to read
the level of helium. MPMS MultiVu also keeps the meter on during a helium fill.

6.7.3.5 START VALVE SEQUENCE

Start Valve Sequence runs or stops a purge or vent valve sequence. The valve sequences control the
flush and vent valves.

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6.7.3.6 VALVE SEQUENCING

Valve Sequencing enables or disables the automatic purge and vent valve sequences that occur when
the “Purge Airlock” button is used to open or close the airlock valve. Automatic valve sequencing
should be disabled before a pumping line is disconnected.

6.7.3.7 VALVE/HEATER SELECT

Valve/Heater Select selects the output device⎯either the proportional solenoid cooling valve or
the high-power chamber heater⎯for driver channel 2 on the Model 1802. The proportional solenoid
cooling valve controls the high cooling rate in the MPMS by regulating the amount of gas flowing
through the system. The chamber heater creates a high heating rate by applying up to 15 W of heat
to the main sample-space heater.

6.7.3.8 VENT VALVE

Vent Valve opens or closes the vent valve, which connects the dewar to the airlock space. The vent
valve should normally remain closed. You open the vent valve during a purge sequence. When the
vent valve is open, helium flows from the dewar into the airlock space and⎯if the airlock valve is
open⎯into the sample chamber.

6.7.4 Driver Channels Commands

The driver channels commands configure the two Model 1802 output driver channels as controllers or
programmable current sources. The driver channels control the heater output in the MPMS and thus
control system temperature.
The driver channels commands include the Proportional-Integral-Differential (PID) commands, which
modify the time-constants and power preset values that optimize the performance of the Model 1802 in
diverse thermal environments. For detailed information about PID control, refer to the “Applications
and Use of PID Control” section in the Model 1802 Digital R/G Bridge Operating Manual.
The units in which many of the driver parameters are expressed depend on both the feedback mode
(see section 6.7.4.3) of the driver channel and the user mode (see section 6.7.1.4) of the bridge channel
that is the input sensor for the driver channel.
The temperature control software in MPMS MultiVu can change many of the driver channels param-
eters. Putting the MPMS in standby mode prevents MPMS MultiVu from changing these parameters.

6.7.4.1 ASSIGNED INPUT

Assigned Input selects the bridge channel that functions as the input sensor for the specified driver
channel. Only bridge channels that operate in the autoscan mode (see section 6.7.1.2) may be input

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sensors for driver channels. It is recommended that you assign bridge channel 1 to driver channel 1,
and bridge channel 6 to driver channel 2.

If you change a channel assignment, the driver channel’s dynamic information⎯present output, filter
accumulators, and present error input⎯is reset to zero. PID operational parameters are not affected by
channel reassignment. You must change a channel assignment if the thermometer on the controlling
bridge channel malfunctions.

6.7.4.2 BALANCE POINT

Balance Point sets the target, or balance, temperature that the specified driver channel tries to
maintain.

6.7.4.3 FEEDBACK MODE

Feedback Mode determines whether the output current from the specified driver channel is expressed
as current or power⎯that is, as milliamps or milliwatts per ohm of heater resistance. The selected
feedback mode also determines whether the Model 1802 interprets the parameter values of some input
commands as current or power.

Select the feedback mode before you set the other output driver parameters. Failure to
select the feedback mode first can create erroneous settings for the feedback control
parameters.
CAUTION

6.7.4.4 MAXIMUM POWER

Maximum Power sets the absolute maximum power the specified driver channel can deliver. Maxi-
mum Power instructs the Model 1802 to set the power limit and to then decrease the driver’s present
output value if the output value is not within the limits specified by Maximum Power.
If the driver channel is operating in the current feedback mode, the Model 1802 expresses the output
current as milliamps. If the driver channel is operating in the power feedback mode, the Model 1802
expresses the output current as milliwatts per ohm of heater resistance.

6.7.4.5 MINIMUM POWER

Minimum Power sets the absolute minimum power the specified driver channel can deliver. Mini-
mum Power instructs the Model 1802 to set the power limit and to then increase the driver’s present
output value if the output value is not within the limits specified by Minimum Power.
If the driver channel is operating in the current feedback mode, the Model 1802 expresses the output
current as milliamps. If the driver channel is operating in the power feedback mode, the Model 1802
expresses the output current as milliwatts per ohm of heater resistance.

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6.7.4.6 OUTPUT RANGE

Output Range sets the maximum output range of the specified driver channel. The low range allows
for more granularity in the power settings and in the control loop than the high range.

Table 6-5. Maximum Output Range

OUTPUT VALUES IN CURRENT VALUES IN POWER

RANGE FEEDBACK MODE FEEDBACK MODE

Low 0−31.6 mA 0−10 mW/ohm

High 0−316 mA 0−100 mW/ohm

If the driver channel is operating in the current feedback mode, the Model 1802 expresses the output
current as milliamps. If the driver channel is operating in the power feedback mode, the Model 1802
expresses the output current as milliwatts per ohm of heater resistance.

6.7.4.7 OUTPUT POWER

Output Power sets the immediate output power of the specified driver channel.
If the driver channel is being updated when MPMS MultiVu reads Output Power, the power specified
by Output Power is active only until the channel is updated again during the normal control function.
If you want to specify and hold a specific output value, disable the driver updates and then set the
correct output. Section 6.7.4.12 discusses the Updates command.
If the driver channel is operating in the current feedback mode, the Model 1802 expresses the output
current as milliamps. If the driver channel is operating in the power feedback mode, the Model 1802
expresses the output current as milliwatts per ohm of heater resistance.

6.7.4.8 PID DIFFERENTIATOR

PID Differentiator sets the differentiator time-constant for the PID filter that is on the specified
driver channel. A value of zero seconds removes the differentiator time-constant variable from the
PID equation.
The differentiator time-constant helps define the PID control loop. If the proper PID gain and PID
integrator settings are selected, the differentiator time-constant reduces the risk of overshooting the
balance-point temperature.

6.7.4.9 PID GAIN

PID Gain applies power to the active input sensor in direct proportion to the error signal that is the
difference between the actual temperature and the balance-point temperature. The PID gain helps
define the PID control loop. A value of zero for the PID gain prevents the PID equation from
computing an output.

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6.7.4.10 PID INTEGRATOR

PID Integrator sets the integrator time-constant for the PID filter that is on the specified driver
channel. A value of zero seconds removes the integrator time-constant variable from the PID equation.
The integrator time-constant helps define the PID control loop. The integrator time-constant allows
the Model 1802 to determine the fixed amount of power that is necessary to keep the MPMS at the
balance-point temperature once the balance point is reached. The integrator term accumulates value
as a function of the error signal.

6.7.4.11 PID PRESET

PID Preset sets the preset power for the specified driver channel. When the driver channel is updated,
the preset power is added, as a constant power offset, to the proportional and filter terms that the
Model 1802 uses to determine the value of the power actually delivered by the output driver. A value
of zero removes the preset-power variable from the PID equation.

6.7.4.12 UPDATES
Updates enables or disables PID control of the specified driver channel. For normal temperature
control, driver updates are enabled so that the Model 1802 can control output. When PID control is
disabled, the current output level is unaffected by changes in the error signal of the assigned input
channel.

6.7.5 Magnet Commands

Magnet commands control the power supply for the superconducting magnet, specify how the MPMS
sets target fields, and update the field-intensity data stored in the Model 1822 MPMS Controller.

Improper use of the magnet commands can damage the superconducting magnet and/or the
magnet power supply. Damage caused by improper use of the magnet commands is not
covered by the system warranty. Only personnel who are thoroughly familiar with the
CAUTION magnet charging system should use the magnet commands.

6.7.5.1 CHARGING MODE

Charging Mode defines how the MPMS approaches a field set point. Section 6.4.4.3 discusses the
approach modes in detail.

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6.7.5.2 HIGH-RESOLUTION MODE

High-Resolution Mode enables or disables high-resolution mode. High-resolution mode starts up a
high-resolution sensor that allows the MPMS to set more precise fields at lower currents. For example,
when B < 5000 G in the 5.5-T magnet, high resolution specifies that the field be set within 0.1 G of the
set point, and normal resolution specifies that the field be set within 1.0 G of the set point.

6.7.5.3 HIGH-RESOLUTION RELAY

High-Resolution Relay selects the magnet relay mode that determines the magnet resolution mode.
The magnet relay can be changed only if the current from the magnet’s power supply is set to zero.

6.7.5.4 MAGNET CURRENT

Magnet Current specifies the amount of current flowing from the magnet’s power supply. The output
current may be set to a nonzero value only if the magnet’s power supply is on, the high-resolution
relay status is active, and the magnet polarity is set to the positive or negative mode.

6.7.5.5 MAGNET POWER

Magnet Power turns on or off the magnet’s power supply. The state of the power supply may be
changed only if the current from the power supply is set to zero. The power supply should be off
unless the MPMS is setting a new field or performing measurements in hysteresis mode.

6.7.5.6 MAGNET RELAY

Magnet Relay instructs the magnet control relays to set the magnet polarity. The magnet polarity
defines the direction in which the magnet current flows.

Table 6-6. Magnet Polarity Modes

POLARITY MODE DEFINITION

Negative Magnet current flows in negative direction.

Positive Magnet current flows in positive direction.
Off Persistent switch heater is short-circuited.

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6.7.5.7 MAGNET RESET

Magnet Reset minimizes the magnet’s remnant field by heating and then cooling the magnet. For
5.5-T systems, the magnet is effectively quenched only if the DC field is between 2.5 and 3.5 T and
the helium level is at least 50%. For all other magnets, the magnet is effectively quenched only if the
DC field is between 0.0 and 3.0 T. MPMS MultiVu does not execute Magnet Reset if system
conditions prevent an effective quench.

6.7.5.8 SWITCH HEATER

Switch Heater turns on or off the persistent switch heater. When the persistent switch heater is on,
current flows from the power source to the magnet. The state of the persistent switch heater may be
changed only if the current being delivered by the power supply matches the current in the magnet.

6.7.5.9 UPDATE MAGNETIC FIELD

Update Magnetic Field corrects the field-intensity data stored in MPMS MultiVu and in the Model
1822. Update Magnetic Field does not set the magnet current.

Use Update Magnetic Field only when the field value displayed by MPMS MultiVu
differs from the known magnetic field of the super-conducting magnet. The
superconducting magnet can be damaged if the actual field and displayed field are
CAUTION different.

6.7.6 SQUID Commands

SQUID commands adjust the amount of power controlling the SQUID.

6.7.6.1 AUTO RESET

Auto Reset forces the longitudinal and transverse SQUIDs to be reset whenever their voltage
outputs are being logged with the MPMS Data Logger (see section 7.8.3) and their output voltages
reach ±10 V.

6.7.6.2 GROUP RESET

Group Reset enables or disables the global reset function on the SQUID axis. A group reset
can simultaneously reset all SQUID sensors that receive data from the serial transmission line.

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6.7.6.3 SELECT MODE

Select Mode sets the SQUID mode for the SQUID axis. Run mode reconnects the input circuit so that
measurements can be taken. Setup mode tunes the SQUID and maximizes the SQUID sensitivity.

6.7.6.4 SELECT POWER

Select Power sets the RF-bias power level for the SQUID axis. The power level may be any value
from 0 to 255, which corresponds to 1 to 100% of the drive level. Select Power must be sent to the
Model 1822 repeatedly with varying values to effectively “scan” the RF power level.

6.7.6.5 SELECT TUNE

Select Tune sets the tuning level required to tune the RF-bias frequency of the SQUID axis. Select
Tune must be sent to the Model 1822 repeatedly with varying values in order to effectively “scan” the
tuning level for a SQUID sensor.

6.7.6.6 SQUID FILTER

SQUID Filter selects the anti-alias filter that is applied to the detector output of the SQUID axis.
The None filter option allows you to see the raw signal from the SQUID.

6.7.6.7 SQUID GAIN

SQUID Gain sets the SQUID electronics gain factor for the SQUID axis. The gain factor, which
amplifies the signal from the SQUID, is applied to the output of the SQUID control unit. Some gain
is necessary to amplify the SQUID signal. Too much gain distorts the signal. MPMS MultiVu
automatically sets the gain if autoranging is enabled.

6.7.6.8 SQUID HEATER

SQUID Heater turns on or off the SQUID flux transformer heaters so that persistent currents in the
SQUID sensor pickup coils can be eliminated. The Model 1822 automatically turns on the SQUID
heaters during any field change.

6.7.6.9 SQUID QUENCH

SQUID Quench quenches the SQUID external feedback loop.

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6.7.6.10 SQUID RANGE

SQUID Range sets the feedback range on the SQUID axis. The feedback ranges have amp-per-volt
ratios of 1 × 10-6 to 1 × 10-3. When the sensor is set to the internal feedback mode, the feedback ranges
correspond to transfer ratios of 1 to 1000 flux quanta per volt. The smallest range is the most sensitive.

6.7.6.11 SQUID RESET

SQUID Reset resets a SQUID Table 6-7. Reset Modes for SQUID
sensor flux-locked-loop such that
the locked-loop detector output is RESET MODE DEFINITION
zero to within 1 flux quantum. The
time required to reset the sensor or Release Allows SQUID to respond to input.
sensors depends on how much feed-
back current is flowing when the Keeps SQUID in state of being con-
Hold
reset is initiated. Single quantum stantly reset so that voltage read is zero.
resetting occurs in approximately Momentarily resets and then releases
10 µsec. Momentary
SQUID.

6.7.7 Data Logging Commands

6.7.7.1 START DATA LOGGING

Start Data Logging saves time-based system data parameters to the specified environment log file.
When MPMS MultiVu reads Start Data Logging, it logs the specified parameters continuously.
MPMS MultiVu stops logging data only when it reads the Stop Data Logging command.

6.7.7.2 STOP DATA LOGGING

Stop Data Logging stops logging data to the specified environment log file.

6.7.8 Transport Commands

The transport commands allow the sample transport to be moved manually
and must therefore be used with caution. Before you use a transport
command to move the sample transport, you should note the transport’s
location so that you do not try to move it beyond the defined travel limits.
CAUTION

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6.7.8.1 AUTO TRACKING

Auto Tracking enables or disables autotracking. Autotracking compensates for thermal expansion
and contraction in the sample rod and automatically moves the sample transport in order to keep the
sample centered in the SQUID pickup coils. Disable autotracking only if (a) you are working with
a sample that is not very sensitive to centering, (b) you are using a custom-built sample rod, or (c) the
temperature will not change during the measurement.
The effectiveness of autotracking depends on the type of sample holder you are using. Quantum
Design used a normal sample rod and a quartz sample holder to develop the sample-tracking
algorithms. Sample holders that respond to temperature differently than quartz exhibit greater
variations in the position of the sample.

6.7.8.2 CALIBRATE LONG

Calibrate Long moves the sample transport to the lower-travel-limit switch and establishes the lower-
travel-limit switch as the transport’s zero position. Calibrate Long is available only if the standard
sample transport is installed.

6.7.8.3 CALIBRATE ROTATOR

Calibrate Rotator initiates a series of rotations that locate and redefine the zero-reference orientation
of the rotator transport. Calibrate Rotator is available only if the Horizontal Rotator option or
Vertical Rotator option is active.

6.7.8.4 DEFINE LONG

Define Long redefines the position of the sample. The available range of positions is determined by
the sample’s current position. MPMS MultiVu computes subsequent positioning commands according
to the value specified by Define Long. Define Long is available only if the standard sample transport
is installed.

6.7.8.5 MOVE LONG

Move Long moves the sample to the specified position. The available range of positions is determined
by the sample’s current position. A positive value moves the sample upward, and a negative value
moves the sample downward. If you move the sample transport drive mechanism to its travel limit, the
drive mechanism’s reference position is lost and subsequent position data will be in error. Move Long
is available only if the standard sample transport is installed.

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6.7.8.6 MOVE ROTATOR

Move Rotator moves the rotator to the specified absolute position. Move Rotator is available only if
the Horizontal Rotator option or Vertical Rotator option is active.

6.7.8.7 ROTATE TO ZERO

Rotate to Zero moves the sample transport to its most recently defined zero position.

6.7.8.8 SET LONG ACCELERATION

Set Long Acceleration sets the acceleration rate of the sample transport drive mechanism. The
acceleration rate is the rate at which the motor speed ramps from the initial rate to the slew rate
and then decelerates from the slew rate to the initial rate. An acceleration rate of 8.0 cm/sec. is
recommended. Set Long Acceleration is enabled only when the standard sample transport is installed.

6.7.8.9 SET LONG INITIAL RATE

Set Long Initial Rate sets the initial rate of the sample transport drive mechanism. The initial rate
is the rate at which the stepper motor begins to move. An initial rate of 2.0 cm/sec. is recommended.
In normal operation, the initial rate is slightly smaller than the slew rate. Set Long Initial Rate is
available only if the standard sample transport is installed.
The initial rate is particularly important when the sample transport moves in very small increments.
When the increments are very small, movement may be so short that the sample transport never
accelerates up to the slew rate, so the initial rate almost entirely controls the speed of the stepper
motor.

6.7.8.10 SET LONG POWER

Set Long Power turns on or off the power to the sample transport drive mechanism. The power to the
drive mechanism should always remain on. Set Long Power is available only if the standard sample
transport is installed.

6.7.8.11 SET LONG SLEW

Set Long Slew sets the slew rate of the sample transport drive mechanism. The slew rate is the rate
at which the stepper motor moves after having accelerated its speed according to the acceleration rate.
A slew rate of 5.0 cm/sec. is recommended. In normal operation, the slew rate is slightly larger than
the initial rate. Set Long Slew is available only if the standard sample transport is installed.

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6.7.8.12 STOP ROTATOR

Stop Rotator immediately stops the movement of the sample drive mechanism. When Stop Rotator
executes, the longitudinal or transverse reference position is lost. Stop Rotator is enabled only if the
Horizontal Rotator option or Vertical Rotator option is active.

6.7.9 Voltmeter Commands

Voltmeter commands configure the eight-channel, digital-to-analog converter that is in the Model 1822
so that the converter reads back the SQUID detector output, the current control voltages for the MPMS
magnet control system, the voltage for the helium level meter, and the thermocouple output monitoring
the pressure in the sample chamber.

6.7.9.1 READINGS TO AVERAGE

Readings to Average sets the number of readings the Model 1822 averages together each time it reads
the specified voltmeter. To allow the maximum rejection of 60-Hz noise, you should specify a number
that is an integer multiple of 3. It is recommended that the Model 1822 average 30 readings per point.

6.7.9.2 SAMPLING RATE

Sampling Rate sets the sampling rate of the analog-to-digital converter that is on the specified
voltmeter. A sampling rate of 180 Hz is recommended.

6.7.9.3 SET GAIN

Set Gain sets the maximum voltage, or gain, the specified voltmeter can read. The value specified
by Set Gain overrides the gain the MPMS has set for the voltmeter.

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C H A P T E R 7

System Operations

7.1 Introduction
This chapter contains the following information:

• Section 7.2 explains how to set the • Section 7.6 explains how to monitor
system temperature. helium transfers.
• Section 7.3 explains how to set the • Section 7.7 explains how to make the
magnetic field. MPMS enter standby mode.
• Section 7.4 explains how to control • Section 7.8 explains how to perform
the atmosphere in the sample chamber. several advanced system operations.
• Section 7.5 explains how to tune the
SQUID.

7.2 Setting the Temperature

1. Do one of the following: (a) select Instrumenth
Temperature or (b) click on any temperature status panel
in the status bar. The Temperature Parameters dialog
box opens. The dialog box indicates the status of the
temperature and includes temperature control commands.
2. Specify the new temperature set point. The state of the
MPMS and the maximum system temperature limit the
maximum temperature you can specify.
3. Specify the rate at which the MPMS attempts to ramp
to the set point. For systems without the Enhanced
Temperature Control (ETC) option, you can specify the use
of Temperature Undercool.
4. Select Set. The temperature immediately begins to ramp Figure 7-1. Temperature
to the set point. The system monitors the changing temper- Parameters Dialog Box
ature and temperature status. The Temperature Parameters
dialog box and the temperature status panels display the temperature and status.
If a sequence runs while the Temperature Parameters dialog box is open, the Status panel in the
dialog box indicates the status of any Set Temperature or Scan Temperature commands that are
executed as part of the sequence.

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Setting the Magnetic Field System Operations

7.3 Setting the Magnetic Field

1. Do one of the following: (a) select InstrumenthField
or (b) click on any field status panel in the status bar.
The Magnetic Field dialog box opens. The dialog box
indicates the status of the magnetic field and includes field
control commands.
2. Specify the new field set point. The type of super-
conducting magnet limits the maximum field the system
can accept.
3. Select the process by which the magnet charges to the
set point. The oscillate, no-overshoot, and hysteresis
approach modes are available. Table 7-1 defines and
suggests when you should use each mode.

Figure 7-2. Magnetic Field

Dialog Box

Table 7-1. Suggested Use of Field Approach Modes

MODE DEFINITION WHEN TO USE

Oscillate Field oscillates around set point • To set fields accurately.

until it is within 80 G of set point, • To eliminate magnetic relaxation effects
then field is set. in superconducting magnets.
• To allow MPMS to immediately work at
high sensitivities following large
changes in fields.
• To avoid excessive helium boil-off.
No Overshoot Field charges to 70% of difference • To prevent field from oscillating
between set point and present between positive and negative fields.
field, then slowly approaches set • To prevent field from exceeding set
point until close enough to drive point.
directly to it. • To avoid excessive helium boil-off.
Hysteresis Field charges directly to set point. • To set fields rapidly.

4. Select the resolution mode of the set point.

5. Select Set. The field immediately begins to ramp to the set point. The system monitors the
changing field and field status. The Magnetic Field dialog box and the field status panels
display the field and status.

Changing the field when the helium level is less than 30% may quench
and thus damage the magnet. Before changing the field, MPMS MultiVu
checks the level of helium in the dewar and generates a warning message
if the helium level is less than 30%.
CAUTION

If a sequence runs while the Magnetic Field dialog box is open, the Status panel in the dialog box
indicates the status of any Set Field or Scan Field commands that are executed as part of the sequence.

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7.4 Controlling the Chamber Atmosphere

1. Do one of the following: (a) select InstrumenthChamber or (b) click on any chamber status
panel in the status bar when the status bar is displaying chamber status data (see section 2.3.5.4).
The Chamber dialog box opens. The dialog box indicates the level of helium in the dewar and
gives the present state of the sample chamber. The dialog box also includes chamber control
commands.
2. Select any chamber control command. If you select Vent or Purge, the state of the sample
chamber immediately begins to change.

Figure 7-3. Chamber Dialog Box

7.5 Tuning the SQUID

You should tune the SQUID when the MPMS probe has been warmed to room temperature. You
should also tune the SQUID if you believe the results of your measurements are incorrect, for example,
your data show unusually large standard deviations.
1. Select InstrumenthSQUID Tune. The SQUID Tuning dialog box opens. The Status display
shows the Drive and Tune values for that SQUID. These are the two variables used to tune the
SQUID detector. Drive is the amount of power being sent to the SQUID while Tune is the
frequency at which the SQUID is being driven.
2. Select the appropriate tab⎯Longitudinal or Transverse⎯for your type of SQUID.

Figure 7-4. SQUID Tuning Dialog Box Showing Longitudinal Tab

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Tuning the SQUID System Operations

3. Choose either Automatic Tuning or Manual Tuning.

• Automatic Tuning varies the Drive and Tune values up to the Max Drive and Max Tune
specified. The Drive level is incremented while scanning the Tune level to find the
maximum SQUID output for the lowest Drive Value.
• Manual Tuning can be used to adjust Drive and Tune levels until the Tune Value
(displayed at the top of the submenu) is at a maximum. A value of 0.6 or greater indicates
that the SQUID is in tune. To tune the SQUID manually, follow these steps:
a. Scan Drive down, looking for the lowest Drive level that produces a peak.
b. Scan Tune up and down, looking for the highest peak.
c. Repeat steps a and b above iteratively until you have the maximum peak possible
with the lowest drive level.

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7.6 Monitoring Helium Transfers

1. Select UtilitieshHelium Fill. The Helium Fill Status screen and the graph view of the blank
helium data, or heliumgr.dat, file open. The heliumgr.dat file stores the helium-level
data from the last helium fill. The file is overwritten whenever another helium fill is run.

Figure 7-5. Helium Fill Status Screen

2. Select Start in the Helium Fill Status screen to begin collecting and plotting data from the
helium level meter.
MPMS MultiVu plots, in the heliumgr.dat file, the level of helium in the dewar against the
amount of time of the helium-filling operation. The Helium Fill Status screen indicates the
helium fill rate, the level of helium in the dewar, and how much time remains before the helium
meter is automatically shut off and monitoring is terminated. By clicking on the arrows next to
the time display, you may increase or decrease the remaining time before the meter shuts off.
3. Select Done in the Helium Fill Status screen when the acceptable helium level is reached.

7.7 Entering Standby Mode

Standby mode conserves helium by disabling all temperature control heaters in the Model 1802 Digital
R/G Bridge and all other heaters that the MPMS does not require. Standby mode also turns off power
to the sample transport.
To make the MPMS enter standby mode, you select the InstrumenthStandby option, and then you
select OK in the pop-up message. The MPMS may not enter standby mode while the magnetic field is
unstable or while a sequence or measurement is running.

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Advanced System Operations System Operations

7.8 Advanced System Operations

7.8.1 Correcting the Field-Intensity Data

You use the UtilitieshUpdate Field option to correct the field-intensity data stored in MPMS MultiVu
and in the Model 1822 MPMS Controller. UtilitieshUpdate Field opens the Update Field dialog
box, which lists the magnetic field range. Update Field does not set the magnet current.

Use the Update Field option only when the field value displayed by
MPMS MultiVu differs from the known magnetic field of the super-
conducting magnet. The superconducting magnet can be damaged if
the actual field and displayed field are different.
CAUTION

7.8.2 Resetting the Magnet

The UtilitieshReset Magnet option minimizes the magnet’s residual, or remnant, field by heating a
portion of the magnet above its critical temperature, and then cooling the magnet. Reset Magnet is
disabled during a sequence run or an immediate measurement.
UtilitieshReset Magnet opens the Reset Magnet dialog box. You select the Start button to begin
the magnet reset. During the reset, status messages appearing in the dialog box indicate what task the
MPMS is performing and how many seconds remain before the task is complete.

7.8.3 Logging Data Parameters

1. Select UtilitieshLog MPMS Data. The Log Data dialog box opens.
2. Select the General tab if the General tab is not visible. The General tab indicates which
environment log file will save the data and how often data will be logged to this file.

Figure 7-6. General Tab in Log Data Dialog Box

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3. Select or create an environment log file, if necessary.

4. Click on the Overwrite check box if you want to overwrite the environment log file.
5. Specify how frequently data is logged to the file. Data can be saved in intervals as brief as
0.25 seconds or as long as 99,999 seconds. The default interval is 2 seconds.
6. Select the Standard Items tab if you want to change or review the system data parameters that
are saved to the environment log file. As soon as you select a parameter, the value of that
parameter appears in the Standard Items tab. You can use the Select All and Unselect All
buttons, which are at the bottom of the tab, to select and deselect all system data parameters.

Figure 7-7. Standard Items Tab in Log Data Dialog Box

7. Select Start to begin logging data.

8. Select the General tab and then select View Data to open the graph view of the environment
log file. The graph is updated continuously while data is logged.
9. Select Stop to stop logging data. Data is logged continuously until you instruct the system to
stop logging the data.

7.8.4 Reviewing Calibration Factors

The Calibration Factors dialog box lists the current calibration factors of the MPMS unit and of the
installed MPMS options. The UtilitieshCalibration option opens the dialog box. Table 7-2 identifies
the standard MPMS calibration factors. Table 7-3 lists default values for the calibration factors. For
information about the calibration factors for any MPMS option, refer to the appropriate option manual.
Changing calibration factors should generally be unnecessary. However, you can change a calibration
factor by double-clicking on it in the Calibration Factors dialog box and then entering the new value
in the pop-up dialog box.

Calibration factors may be changed only if a later calibration test has been
performed on the MPMS or if the MPMS must complete nonstandard tasks.
Only personnel who are thoroughly familiar with the MPMS and its operation
should change calibration factors. The default calibration factors are set so
CAUTION that the system calibration reflects the unique attributes of the individual
MPMS unit.

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Table 7-2. Standard MPMS Calibration Factors

CALIBRATION FACTOR WHAT CALIBRATION FACTOR SETS

Magnet Magnet calibration factor (B/I).

SQUID SQUID calibration factor for SQUID axis.
Field Penetration Field-penetration calibration factor, which adjusts SQUID
calibration factor for current magnetic field.
Extended Range Extended range for SQUID axis.
Regression Factor Regression factor for SQUID axis.
Minimum Data Points Minimum number of data points read during scan.
Transverse Rotator Number of steps per degree transverse sample rotator moves.
Steps/Degree Value varies with each rotator.
SQUID Settle Times Settle time for specified SQUID filter.
Temperature Tolerance Temperature tolerance value.
Low Temperature Minimum temperature that can be set without using pot to
control temperature.
Fill Temperature Temperature while helium reservoir is filled.
Fill Time Length of time helium reservoir collects helium.
Fill Power Amount of power sent to proportional valve while helium
reservoir is filled.
Oven Factor Cal factor allowing MPMS to accurately report sample chamber
temperature when Oven is installed.
Maximum Temperature Maximum system temperature.
Minimum Warm Rate Rate at which temperature changes while being warmed by
sample chamber heater.
Maximum Rate on Pot Rate at which temperature changes while operating below low
temperature.
Low Temp Heater Factor Low-temperature heater factor, which modifies heating char-
acteristics of MPMS when MPMS operates at low temperatures.
Reservoir Fill Determines whether Continuous Low-Temperature Control
system fills cold reservoir.
Thermometer Half the minimum difference required between germanium and
Consistency Tolerance platinum thermometers before they are checked for failures.
Used for systems without Enhanced Temperature Control option.
7-T Magnet Inductance Magnet inductance factor.
7-T Magnet Charging Magnet charging rate, which controls how quickly magnet
Rate current is charged.
7-T Magnet Zero Field Number of seconds quench heater remains on when quenching
Quench Time at 0 G. Times at other fields are calculated from this value.
7-T Magnet Zero Field Number of seconds for magnet to cool after being quenched at
Cool Time zero field. If magnet is quenched at field other than zero, magnet
is cooled for double this time.

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Table 7-3. Default Values for Standard MPMS Calibration Factors

DEFAULT VALUE

CALIBRATION FACTOR 7-T MAGNET 5-T MAGNET 5.5-T MAGNET 1-T MAGNET

Magnet* 2000.000 1450.000 1550.000 526.000

Longitudinal SQUID* 7500.000 7500.000 7500.000 7500.000
Transverse SQUID* 7500.000 7500.000 7500.000 7500.000
Field Penetration* 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Longitudinal Extended Range* 300.000 300.000 300.000 300.000
Transverse Extended Range* 300.000 300.000 300.000 300.000
Longitudinal Regression Factor 1.825 1.825 1.825 1.825
Transverse Regression Factor 31.900 31.900 31.900 31.900
Minimum Data Points 8 8 8 8
Transverse Rotator Steps/Degree* 96.000 96.000 96.000 96.000
SQUID Settle Time⎯20000 Hz 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050
SQUID Settle Time⎯5000 Hz 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050
SQUID Settle Time⎯1200 Hz 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050
SQUID Settle Time⎯80 Hz 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050
SQUID Settle Time⎯10 Hz 0.080 0.080 0.080 0.080
SQUID Settle Time⎯5 Hz 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800
SQUID Settle Time⎯Elliptical 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800
SQUID Settle Time⎯No Filter 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050
Temperature Tolerance 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005
Low Temperature 4.430 4.430 4.430 4.430
Fill Temperature 4.150 4.150 4.150 4.150
Fill Time 650.000 650.000 650.000 650.000
Fill Power 3.500 3.500 3.500 3.500
Oven Factor* 15.000 15.000 15.000 15.000
Maximum Temperature* 400.000 400.000 400.000 350.000
(800 for Oven) (800 for Oven) (800 for Oven) (800 for Oven)
Minimum Warm Rate 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001
Maximum Rate on Pot 2.000 2.000 2.000 2.000
Low Temp Heater Factor 2.000 2.000 2.000 2.000
Reservoir Fill Off Off Off Off
7-T Magnet Inductance 8.50 N/A N/A N/A
7-T Magnet Charging Rate 1.00 N/A N/A N/A
7-T Magnet Zero Field Quench Time* 15.00 N/A N/A N/A
7-T Magnet Zero Field Cool Time* 45.00 N/A N/A N/A

* The value displayed in table 7-3 is the default software value. The actual calibration factor value is unique to the
individual MPMS unit and is calibrated at the Quantum Design factory.

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Section 7.8 Chapter 7
Advanced System Operations System Operations

7.8.5 Configuring the Message Display

MPMS MultiVu generates error messages to describe errors that occur during system operation. You
can select what types of error messages are displayed and the length of time the messages appear on
the screen. Complete the following steps:

Disabling the display of error messages may prevent MPMS MultiVu from
informing you of certain failures in the MPMS system. Disabling message
displays should be done only by personnel thoroughly familiar with the
operation of the MPMS and should be done only on a temporary basis.
WARNING

1. Select UtilitieshMessage Display. The Configure Error Handling dialog box opens. The
dialog box indicates which types of system error messages are displayed and the length of time
the error messages are displayed.

Figure 7-8. Configure Error Handling Dialog Box

2. Select which types of system error messages are displayed. By default, all four types of
messages are selected. Table 7-4 describes and gives an example of each type of message.
3. Select the length of time each error message is displayed. A message can be displayed until
you close it, or it can be displayed a specified length of time.

Table 7-4. System Messages

MESSAGE PURPOSE EXAMPLE

Informational Informs you of an event. Magnet hysteresis mode

is being turned on.
Warning Informs you an error has been encountered that may Helium level is too low
be corrected with your intervention. No immediate to start sequence.
loss of data is expected.
Error Informs you an error has been encountered that may Current data file cannot
seriously affect system usage or the measurement in be opened, so measure-
progress. ment data will be lost.
Fatal Error Informs you MPMS MultiVu has either crashed or Out of memory.
cannot continue to run.

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Chapter 7 Section 7.8
System Operations Advanced System Operations

7.8.6 Logging Events

All informational messages, warnings, errors, and fatal errors generated since MPMS MultiVu was
last started up can be logged to an event log file. The event log, which you open by selecting the
UtilitieshEvent Log option, describes the messages, warnings, and errors logged to the event log file
and indicates when each message, warning, and error occurred. Event.log is the default event log
file. The .log extension identifies an event log file.
The event log may remain open while you work in MPMS MultiVu.

Figure 7-9. Event Log

You can select what types of system messages are saved to the event log file. You can also create new
event log files. Complete the following steps:
1. Select UtilitieshEvent LoghConfigure.
The Configure Logging dialog box opens
and identifies which event log file is storing
system messages and indicates which types
of messages are saved.
2. Select or create an event log file, if
necessary.
To select an event log file, select Change,
then select any file in the Select a Log File
dialog.
To create an event log file, select Change,
enter a name in the File name text box, and Figure 7-10. Configure Logging Dialog Box
then select Open. MPMS MultiVu adds the
.log extension to the base file name.
After you select or create an event log file, the Configure Logging dialog box appears again.
3. Use the Display last text box to specify how many entries are displayed in the event log. The
default number of entries is 50.
4. Select the types of system messages logged to the event log file and thus displayed in the event
log. By default, all four types of system messages⎯informational messages, warnings, errors,
and fatal errors⎯are logged. Logging all four types of messages is recommended and can assist
you if you must troubleshoot the system. Table 7-4 describes each type of system message.

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Section 7.8 Chapter 7
Advanced System Operations System Operations

7.8.7 Installing and Activating Options

The Configure Option dialog box lists all purchased options that are included with your MPMS and
indicates whether each option is installed. Selecting UtilitieshOptions opens the Configure Option
dialog box.
When you select, in the Configure Option dialog box, an option whose status you can change, an
additional command button appears in the upper right corner of the dialog box. The title of the button,
such as Install or Change Axis, identifies the task you can perform. Simply select the command
button, and then follow the on-screen prompts.

7.8.8 Converting MPMSR2 DOS Files

Selecting the UtilitieshConvert Sequence option opens the Convert Sequence File utility. You use
the utility to convert an MPMSR2 DOS sequence to the MPMS MultiVu sequence format.
Selecting the UtilitieshConvert Data File option opens the Convert Data File utility. You use the
utility to convert an MPMSR2 DOS data file to the MPMS MultiVu data file format.

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C H A P T E R 8

Diagnostics

8.1 Introduction
This chapter contains the following information:

• Section 8.2 presents an overview of the • Section 8.8 discusses the serial port
diagnostic commands. diagnostics.
• Section 8.3 discusses the bridge channel • Section 8.9 discusses the SQUID
diagnostics. diagnostics.
• Section 8.4 discusses the chamber • Section 8.10 discusses the transport
diagnostics. diagnostics.
• Section 8.5 discusses the driver • Section 8.11 discusses the voltmeter
channel diagnostics. diagnostics.
• Section 8.6 discusses the GPIB • Section 8.12 discusses the temperature
diagnostics. control diagnostics.
• Section 8.7 discusses the magnet
diagnostics.

8.2 Overview of Diagnostics

Diagnostic commands are low-level commands that directly control the hardware in the MPMS sample
chamber. Diagnostic commands are in the UtilitieshDiagnostics submenu. Several of the MPMS
measurement options include their own diagnostic commands, which also appear in the Diagnostics
submenu. For information about any of the measurement option diagnostic commands, refer to the
appropriate option manual.
When a diagnostic parameter is changed, the system temperature control may also be changed. The
MPMS resets the system temperature if a parameter value that creates an unacceptable temperature
is specified.

Use diagnostic commands only if you are thoroughly familiar with the MPMS and its
operation. Misuse of the diagnostic commands can damage the system hardware.
CAUTION

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Section 8.3 Chapter 8
Bridge Channel Diagnostics Diagnostics

8.3 Bridge Channel Diagnostics

The bridge channel diagnostic commands change the sensor parameters of the four physical channels
on the Model 1802 Digital R/G Bridge. The bridge channel diagnostic commands control such mea-
surement functions as the maximum excitation level that is applied to the sensor, setting the units in
which the measurement is reported, and enabling the autoscan and autorange functions of the bridge.
Selecting UtilitieshDiagnosticshBridge Channels opens the Bridge Channels Diagnostics dialog
box. Status information at the top of the dialog box displays the current readings from the bridge
channels. The physical control channel commands set the sensor parameters for the bridge channels.
Changes to any channel controls are initiated only when you select the channel’s Set button.
The Set Table Files button opens another dialog box that you use to download thermometer translation
files for the physical bridge channels.

Figure 8-1. Bridge Channel Diagnostics Dialog Box

In addition to the four physical bridge channels, you can configure two virtual channels. Channel 5
can read the average temperature from all the physical bridge channels that are active. Channel 6
blends the temperature output of two physical bridge channels.

Virtual bridge channel 6 is used by MPMS MultiVu to control the system

temperature. Modifying the settings for this channel may adversely affect
system temperature control.
CAUTION

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Chapter 8 Section 8.4
Diagnostics Chamber Diagnostics

Table 8-1. Physical Channel Control Parameters

PARAMETER SETTINGS DESCRIPTION

Autoscan • Enabled Enables or disables autoscanning. Autoscanning

• Disabled instructs Model 1802 to read channel once during
control loop. If autoscanning is disabled, Model
1802 reads channel only when requested to do so.
User Mode • Conductance Determines whether data read by channel is
• Resistance expressed as conductance or resistance.
Autoranging • Enabled Enables or disables autoranging. Autoranging
• Disabled instructs Model 1802 to change gain and excitation
values as necessary so that channel produces
nonsaturated reading.
Max Excitation • 0.05 µA • 5.0 µA Sets maximum excitation current for channel.
• 0.5 µA • 50.0 µA

For more detailed information about the operation of the Model 1802 and the Model 1802 parameters,
refer to the Model 1802 Digital R/G Bridge Operating Manual.

8.4 Chamber Diagnostics

The chamber diagnostic commands provide direct, low-level control of the MPMS gas system.
Selecting UtilitieshDiagnosticshChamber opens the Chamber/Gas Controls Diagnostics dialog
box. Status information at the top of the dialog box indicates the current state of the gas system. The
control commands change the state of the individual components of the gas system. Changes to any
setting are initiated only when you select the corresponding Set button.

Figure 8-2. Chamber/Gas Control Diagnostics Dialog Box

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Section 8.4 Chapter 8
Chamber Diagnostics Diagnostics

Table 8-2. Settings for Gas System

COMPONENT SETTINGS DESCRIPTION

Driver Channel 2 • Proportional valve Selects output device for driver channel 2.
• Chamber heater Proportional valve controls high cooling rate.
Chamber heater creates high heating rate.
Flush Valve • Open Opens or closes valve. Close valve only during
• Closed purge sequence.
Vent Valve • Open Opens or closes valve. Open valve only during
• Closed purge sequence.
Cooling Valve • Open Opens or closes valve. Open valve to quickly
• Closed clear large pumping line, initiate high-speed
cooling, or obtain lowest possible temperatures.
Impedance Heater • Low Determines helium flow. Low mode allows
• High restricted flow. High mode prevents flow.
• Off Helium flows freely when heater is off.

Valve Sequencing • Enable Enables or disables purge and vent sequences

• Disable initiated with “Purge Airlock” button.
Helium Level Meter • On • Off Turns helium level meter on or off.

Turn on the helium level meter only to plot or update the helium level.
By keeping the meter off at all other times, you minimize both the loss
of helium and the risk of damaging the meter. When the helium level
meter is turned on, it remains on until it is turned off.
CAUTION

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Chapter 8 Section 8.5
Diagnostics Driver Channel Diagnostics

8.5 Driver Channel Diagnostics

The driver channel diagnostic commands configure the two Model 1802 output driver channels as
controllers or programmable current sources. The driver channels control the heater output in the
MPMS and thus control system temperature.
Much of the inherent flexibility of the Model 1802 arises from the ability to directly set and modify the
parameters that determine the characteristics of the feedback control loops provided by the two output
drivers. However, you must ensure that the parameters configuring the output drivers are consistent
with the user mode selected for the input sensor, and with the power or current feedback mode selected
for the drivers.
Selecting UtilitieshDiagnosticshDriver Channels opens the Bridge Driver Diagnostics dialog box.
The Driver 1 tab (see figure 8-3) in the dialog box displays the status information and includes the
control commands changing settings for driver channel 1. The Driver 2 tab displays the status infor-
mation and includes the control commands changing settings for driver channel 2. Changes to any
setting are initiated only when you select the corresponding Set button.

Figure 8-3. Bridge Driver Diagnostics Dialog Box

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Section 8.5 Chapter 8
Driver Channel Diagnostics Diagnostics

Table 8-3. Driver Control Settings

PARAMETER SETTINGS DESCRIPTION

Updates • On • Off Enables or disables PID control of driver channel.

Input Sensor All bridge channels Selects bridge channel that functions as input sensor
for driver channel. For normal control, the bridge
channel autoscanning function must be enabled.
Output Range • Low • High Sets maximum output range of driver channel. Low
range allows more granularity in power settings and
in control loop.
Feedback Mode • Power • Current Determines whether output current from driver
channel is expressed as current or power.
Minimum Power (Variable) mW/ohm Sets minimum power driver channel can deliver.
Maximum Power (Variable) mW/ohm Sets maximum power driver channel can deliver.
Output (Variable) mW/ohm Sets immediate output power of driver channel.

Selecting the feedback mode before you set the other driver channel param-
eters is important. The feedback mode determines whether some of the other
NOTE driver channel parameters are interpreted as current or power. Failure to
select the feedback mode first can create erroneous settings for the feedback
control parameters.

Table 8-4. Control Parameters Settings

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION

Balance Point Sets target temperature driver channel tries to maintain.

Gain Applies power to input sensor in direct proportion
to error signal that is difference between actual and
balance-point temperature. Value of zero prevents PID
equation from computing output.
Integrator Sets integrator time-constant for PID filter on driver
channel. Value of zero seconds removes integrator
variable from PID equation.
Differentiator Sets differentiator time-constant for PID filter on driver
channel. Value of zero seconds removes differentiator
variable from PID equation.
Preset Sets preset power for driver channel. Value of zero
removes preset-power variable from PID equation.
Use Offset Lets balance point for one driver channel be set as offset
of the balance point for other driver channel.

The Proportional-Integral-Differential (PID) commands modify the time-constants and power preset
values that optimize the performance of the Model 1802 in diverse thermal environments. For detailed
information about PID control, refer to the “Applications and Use of PID Control” section in the
Model 1802 Digital R/G Bridge Operating Manual.

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Chapter 8 Section 8.6
Diagnostics GPIB Diagnostics

8.6 GPIB Diagnostics

8.6.1 Viewing GPIB Activity

Selecting UtilitieshDiagnosticshGPIBhView GPIB Activity opens the GPIB Status dialog box.
As soon as the GPIB Status dialog box opens, it displays a scrolling list of all GPIB commands
executed on all active GPIB devices connected to the MPMS. You may stop and restart command
tracking at any time, and you may select which GPIB devices are polled. Enable the Output to File
check box in order to save the command information to a data file (GPIB.txt).

Figure 8-4. GPIB Status Dialog Box

8.6.2 Sending GPIB Commands

1. Select UtilitieshDiagnosticshGPIBhSend GPIB Commands. The Send GPIB Commands
dialog box opens.
2. Enter the GPIB command in
the Send text box.
3. Specify which GPIB device
receives the command.
4. Select a command
terminator, if necessary.
5. Select Send or Send and
Read. The command is sent
to the GPIB device. The
device’s response appears
in the Response panel Figure 8-5. Send GPIB Commands Dialog Box
located in the Send GPIB
Commands dialog box.

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Section 8.7 Chapter 8
Magnet Diagnostics Diagnostics

8.7 Magnet Diagnostics

Magnet diagnostic commands control the power supply and the persistent switch for the super-
conducting magnet and update the field-intensity data stored in the Model 1822 MPMS Controller.

Improper use of the magnet commands can damage the superconducting

magnet and/or the magnet power supply. Damage caused by improper use
of the magnet commands is not covered by the system warranty. Only
personnel who are thoroughly familiar with the magnet charging system
CAUTION should use the magnet commands.

Selecting UtilitieshDiagnosticshMagnet opens the Magnet Diagnostics dialog box. Magnet status
is summarized at the top of the dialog box. The control commands change magnet settings. Changes
to any magnet controls are initiated only when you select the corresponding Set button.

Figure 8-6. Magnet Diagnostics Dialog Box

Table 8-5. Magnet Control Parameters

PARAMETER SETTINGS DESCRIPTION

Resolution • Low Enables or disables high-resolution mode. High-

• High resolution mode allows more precise fields to be set
at lower currents.
Power Supply • Off Turns magnet power supply on or off. Power supply
• On should be off unless MPMS is setting new field or
performing measurements in hysteresis mode. State
of power supply may be changed only if current
from power supply is set to zero.
Switch Heater • Off Turns on or off persistent switch heater. State of
• On persistent switch heater may be changed only if
current being delivered by power supply matches
current in magnet.

(table continues)

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Chapter 8 Section 8.8
Diagnostics Serial Port Diagnostics

Table 8-5. Magnet Control Parameters (Continued)

PARAMETER SETTINGS DESCRIPTION

Polarity • Negative Specifies direction in which magnet current flows.

• Positive When polarity is off, persistent switch heater is
• Off short-circuited.

Set Current (Variable) Specifies amount of current flowing from magnet

power supply. Output current may be set to nonzero
value only if magnet power supply is on, high-
resolution relay status is active, and magnet polarity
is set to positive or negative mode.
Update Field (Variable) Corrects field-intensity data stored in MPMS
MultiVu and in the Model 1822. Does not set
magnet current.

Use the Update Field command only when the field value displayed
by MPMS MultiVu differs from the known magnetic field of the super-
conducting magnet. The superconducting magnet can be damaged if
the actual field and displayed field are different.
CAUTION

For more detailed information about the operation of the Model 1822, refer to the Model 1822 MPMS
Controller User’s Manual.

8.8 Serial Port Diagnostics

Selecting UtilitieshDiagnosticshSerial Port opens the Monitor Communication Port dialog box.
You use this dialog box to monitor communications with the serial port. Enable the Write to file
check box to write the collected data to a serial log file.

Figure 8-7. Monitor Communication Port Dialog Box

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Section 8.9 Chapter 8
SQUID Diagnostics Diagnostics

8.9 SQUID Diagnostics

In the normal MPMS configuration, SQUID sensor 1 detects the longitudinal magnetic moment of
the sample, and SQUID sensor 2 detects the transverse moment of the sample; that is, the magnetic
moment that is parallel to the magnetic field and the magnetic moment that is perpendicular to the
field, respectively. All SQUID setup and control functions are accessible through the Model 1822
command set.
Selecting UtilitieshDiagnosticshSQUID opens the SQUID Diagnostics dialog box. The control
commands changing settings for the longitudinal SQUID are in the Longitudinal tab (see figure 8-8).
The control commands changing settings for the transverse SQUID are in the Transverse tab.
Changes to any setting are initiated only when you select the corresponding Set button.

Figure 8-8. Longitudinal Tab in SQUID Diagnostics Dialog Box

Table 8-6. SQUID Control Commands

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION

EMU Range Allows you to define normal or extended SQUID range.

Range Sets feedback range on SQUID axis. Feedback ranges have amp-
per-volt ratios of 1 × 10-6 to 1 × 10-3. Smallest range is most
sensitive.
Gain Sets SQUID electronics gain factor for SQUID axis. Some gain is
necessary to amplify SQUID signal. Too much gain distorts
signal. MPMS MultiVu sets gain if autoranging is enabled.
Filter Selects anti-alias filter applied to detector output of SQUID axis.
The None option allows raw signal from SQUID to be viewed.
RF Power Sets RF-bias power level for SQUID axis. Power level may be
any value from 0 to 255, which corresponds to 1 to 100% of drive
level. Command must be sent to Model 1822 repeatedly with
varying values to “scan” RF power level.

(table continues)

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Chapter 8 Section 8.10
Diagnostics Transport Diagnostics

Table 8-6. SQUID Control Commands (Continued)

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION

Tuning Level Sets tuning level required to tune RF-bias frequency of SQUID
axis. Command must be sent to Model 1822 repeatedly with
varying values in order to “scan” tuning level for SQUID sensor.
Quench Quenches SQUID external feedback loop.
Auto Reset Forces longitudinal and transverse SQUIDs to be reset whenever
their voltage outputs are being logged with the MPMS Data
Logger (see section 7.8.3) and their output voltages reach ±10 V.
Reset Sets preset power for driver channel. Value of zero removes
preset-power variable from PID equation.
Heater Turns on or off SQUID flux transformer heaters so that persistent
currents in SQUID sensor pickup coils can be eliminated.

For more detailed information about the operation of the Model 1822, refer to the Model 1822 MPMS
Controller User’s Manual.

8.10 Transport Diagnostics

The transport diagnostics control the movement of the sample transport. When the Reciprocating
Sample option (RSO) or the Horizontal or Vertical Rotator option is active, the transport diagnostics
include additional commands that affect the movement of the RSO sample transport or the rotator
transport. For specific information about the RSO transport commands, refer to the Magnetic Property
Measurement System: Reciprocating Sample Option User’s Manual. For specific information about
the rotator transport commands, refer to the MPMS Horizontal Rotator User’s Manual.

The transport commands allow the sample transport to be moved manually

and must therefore be used with caution. Before you use a transport
command to move the sample transport, you should note the transport’s
location so that you do not try to move it beyond the defined travel limits.
CAUTION

Selecting UtilitieshDiagnosticshTransport opens the Sample Transport tab in the Transport

Diagnostics dialog box. The Sample Transport tab indicates the status and position of the stepper
motor that controls the sample’s movement. The tab also includes movement control commands.
Select any movement control command (see table 8-7) or reconfigure the stepper motor parameters
(see table 8-8) as necessary.

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Section 8.10 Chapter 8
Transport Diagnostics Diagnostics

Figure 8-9. Sample Transport Tab in Transport Diagnostics Dialog Box

Table 8-7. Movement Control Commands

COMMAND DESCRIPTION ACTIVATING

Move To Motor moves to specified position. • Enter value in Move To text box,
then click on Move To Set button.
• Drag slide bar button, then click
on Move To Set button.
• Click on slide bar arrows, then
click on Move To Set button
Redefine Current System redefines motor’s current Enter value in Redefine Current
Position position as specified position. Position text box, then click on
Redefine Current Position Set button.
Autotracking MPMS tracks and adjusts position of Enable Autotracking check box.
sample to keep sample centered in
SQUID coils.
Initialize Transport moves to lower-travel-limit Select Initialize button.
switch, then rises to known position
just above lower-travel-limit switch.

Disable autotracking only if you are working with a sample that is very
sensitive to centering or if you are using a custom-built sample rod.
NOTE Quantum Design used a normal sample rod and a quartz sample holder
to develop the sample-tracking algorithms. Sample holders and rods that
respond to temperature differently than brass, steel, or quartz exhibit
greater variations in the position of the sample.

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Chapter 8 Section 8.10
Diagnostics Transport Diagnostics

Selecting the Configure button in the Sample Transport tab opens the Motor Configuration
dialog box.

Figure 8-10. Motor Configuration Dialog Box

Table 8-8. Motor Configuration Parameters

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION

Power Turns on or off power to sample transport drive mechanism.

Slew Rate Sets slew rate of transport drive mechanism. Slew rate is rate at which
stepper motor moves after having accelerated its speed according to
acceleration rate. Slew rate of 5.0 cm/sec. is recommended. Slew rate
is usually slightly larger than initial rate.
Initial Rate Sets initial rate of transport drive mechanism. Initial rate is rate at
which stepper motor begins to move. Initial rate of 2.0 cm/sec. is
recommended. Initial rate is usually slightly smaller than slew rate.
Acceleration Rate Sets acceleration rate of transport drive mechanism. Acceleration rate
is rate at which motor speed ramps from initial rate to slew rate and
then decelerates from slew rate to initial rate. Acceleration rate of 8.0
cm/sec. is recommended.

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Section 8.11 Chapter 8
Voltmeter Diagnostics Diagnostics

8.11 Voltmeter Diagnostics

The voltmeter diagnostics configure the eight-channel, digital-to-analog converter in the Model 1822
so that the converter reads back the SQUID detector output, the current control voltages for the MPMS
magnet control system, the voltage for the helium level meter, and the thermocouple output monitoring
the pressure in the sample chamber.
Selecting UtilitieshDiagnosticshVoltmeter opens the Voltmeter Diagnostics dialog box. Changes
to any setting are initiated only when you select the Set button in the dialog box.

Figure 8-11. Voltmeter Diagnostics Dialog Box

Table 8-9. Voltmeter Diagnostic Parameters

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION

Full Scale Voltage Sets maximum voltage specified voltmeter can read. Value set by
this parameter overrides gain MPMS has set for voltmeter.
Sampling Rate Sets sampling rate of analog-to-digital converter on specified
voltmeter. Sampling rate of 180 Hz is recommended.
Readings to Average Sets number of readings Model 1822 averages together each time it
reads specified voltmeter. To allow maximum rejection of 60-Hz
noise, a number that is an integer multiple of 3 should be specified.
Averaging 30 readings per point is recommended.

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Chapter 8 Section 8.12
Diagnostics Temperature Control

8.12 Temperature Control

Selecting UtilitieshDiagnosticshTemperature
Control opens the Temperature Control dialog box.
This dialog box summarizes the current state of the
system temperature control, and if it is open while
the temperature is ramping to a new set point, moni-
tors the progress of the changing temperature.
You cannot use the Temperature Control dialog box
to change the state of the system temperature.
Figure 8-12. Temperature Control
Dialog Box

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A P P E N D I X A

Installation Instructions

A.1 Introduction
This appendix contains the following information:

• Section A.2 presents an overview of the • Section A.3 explains how to install
installation procedure. MPMS MultiVu.

A.2 Overview of Installation

To install MPMS MultiVu, you must have the following:

• Pentium 75 processor running Windows 95 and with a minimum of 16 MB of RAM.

• Screen resolution of 800-×-600 pixels.
• National Instruments GPIB software for Windows 95.
• National Instruments AT-GPIB/TNT board.
• Getting Started with Your Non Plug and Play GPIB Hardware and Software for Windows 95:
AT-GPIB [and] EISA-GPIB (National Instruments 1996).
• Quantum Design MPMS MultiVu installation disks.
• Quantum Design firmware EPROMs, rev. 3.21 or higher, for the Model 1822 MPMS Controller
and the Model 1802 Digital R/G Bridge.

A.2.1 Configuration Files and the Machine State

The MPMSR2 DOS software and MPMS MultiVu do not share configuration files. When you switch
from one software package to the other, changes that have been made to calibration values and to
state-specific information, like the present temperature setting or the magnetic field, are lost. It is
your responsibility to keep both software packages current. This task generally involves (1) using
the Update Field utility to update the field to the appropriate persistent field level and (2) setting a
new temperature.

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Section A.3 Appendix A
Installing MPMS MultiVu Installation Instructions

A.3 Installing MPMS MultiVu

A.3.1 Install the GPIB Software

Refer to the “Install the GPIB Software” section in chapter 2 of the Getting Started with Your Non
Plug and Play GPIB Hardware and Software for Windows 95: AT-GPIB [and] EISA-GPIB manual
(National Instruments 1996).

A.3.2 Install the GPIB Board

Refer to the “Install the Non Plug and Play GPIB Hardware” section in chapter 2 of the Getting Started
with Your Non Plug and Play GPIB Hardware and Software for Windows 95: AT-GPIB [and] EISA-
GPIB manual (National Instruments 1996). Table 2-1 lists the base I/O address switch settings in
reverse order; settings for switch A9 are listed first, and settings for switch A5 are listed last.

A.3.3 Install MPMS MultiVu

1. Verify that Windows 95 is installed on the control PC. MPMS MultiVu is a 32-bit application
and requires Windows 95 to run.
2. Verify that the screen resolution is 800-×-600 pixels. Without the appropriate screen resolution,
MPMS MultiVu is difficult to use. To configure the screen resolution, use the Display option in
the Windows 95 control panel.
3. Print a list of all calibration factors you want to use with MPMS MultiVu. In the MPMSR2 DOS
software, select <Print Screen> to print a screen.
4. Close all Windows applications.
5. Insert MPMS MultiVu Disk 1 into the PC.
6. Select the A: drive.
7. Select Setup.exe. The setup program prepares the InstallShield Wizard. The InstallShield
Wizard contains step-by-step instructions explaining each task you perform to install MPMS
MultiVu. When the InstallShield Wizard is set up, the Welcome screen appears.
8. Read the instructions in the Welcome screen, and then select Next.
9. Read the software license agreement, and then select Yes. You must accept the software license
agreement in order to install MPMS MultiVu.
10. Select the folder into which the setup program installs MPMS MultiVu if you do not want to use
the default folder. Then select Next when you have chosen the folder.
11. Select the program folder to which the setup program adds icons if you do not want to use the
default folder. Then select Next when you have chosen the folder.
12. Review the setup information. Select Back if you need to modify any settings.
13. Select Next. The setup program begins to copy files to the specified folder.

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Appendix A Section A.3
Installation Instructions Installing MPMS MultiVu

14. Insert MPMS MultiVu Disk 2 into the PC when you are prompted to do so.
15. Insert MPMS MultiVu Disk 3 into the PC when you are prompted to do so.
16. Select Yes to create an icon for the MPMS MultiVu simulation mode.
17. Install the calibration files. Either (a) insert the disk containing the files and then select OK,
or (b) select the directory containing the files. If you do not have the calibration files, select
Enter and ignore the pop-up warning; default values will be used for the calibration factors.
18. Select Finish when the setup program has copied the calibration files. Installation is complete.

A.3.4 Change the EPROMs

1. Change the firmware EPROM in the Model 1822 MPMS Controller as follows: (a) remove the
EPROM that is in slot U27 on the CPU board, and then (b) insert the new EPROM, version 3.21
or higher, into slot U27 on the CPU board. Refer to Quantum Design Service Note 1014-806,
Replacing the Hardware Configuration Option EPROM on the 1822. The new EPROM is
compatible with the MPMSR2 DOS code.
2. Change the firmware EPROM in the Model 1802 Digital R/G Bridge as follows: (a) remove the
EPROM that is in slot U27 on the CPU board, and then (b) insert the new EPROM, version 3.21
or higher, into slot U27 on the CPU board. Refer to Quantum Design Service Note 1014-806.
The new EPROM is compatible with the MPMSR2 DOS code.

A.3.5 Update the Calibration Files

1. Open the MPMSR2 DOS software.
2. Generate a sequence that sets all calibration factors.
3. Open the MPMS MultiVu application.
4. Select UtilitieshConvert Sequence. Use the Convert Sequence File utility to convert the
MPMSR2 DOS sequence to the MPMS MultiVu sequence format.
5. Use MPMS MultiVu to run the sequence you have just converted.

A.3.6 Set the SQUID Drive and Tune Levels

1. Select InstrumenthSQUID Tune in the MPMS MultiVu interface. The SQUID Tuning dialog
box opens (figure 7-4 illustrates the dialog box).
2. Select the appropriate tab for the installed SQUID.
3. Use the Drive text box to specify the value of the SQUID drive level used in MPMSR2 DOS.
4. Select the Drive Set button.
5. Use the Tune text box to specify the value of the SQUID tuning level used in MPMSR2 DOS.
6. Select the Tune Set button.
7. Select OK.

Quantum Design MPMS MultiVu Application User’s Manual A-3

A P P E N D I X B

Data File Format

B.1 Introduction
This appendix contains the following information:

• Section B.2 presents an overview of the • Section B.4 discusses the data section in
data file format. the data file.
• Section B.3 discusses the data file header. • Section B.5 discusses the data types.

B.2 Overview of Data File Format

Every data file consists of two main sections: the header and the data section. The data file header
defines the type of data file and the type of data stored in the file. The header also defines the file’s
default graph format. The data section lists the actual data stored in the file. Data file headers contain
the identical type of information. Data sections list data that is specific to the measurement option that
generated the data and to the type of data the file stores.
The format of the data files is designed such that the files may be easily imported by other graphic
applications, such as Microsoft Excel. The data file format is comma delimited.

Quantum Design MPMS MultiVu Application User’s Manual B-1

Section B.3 Appendix B
Data File Header Data File Format

B.3 Data File Header

The data file header is created when the data file is created and can never be overwritten.
The header is preceded by the following bracketed keyword:
[Header]
The Title line contains the string that appears at the top of the graph view of the data file.
TITLE, MPMS DC Measurement
The ByApp line specifies which application and measurement option created the file.
BYAPP, MPMS Measurement, 1.0, Summary
The FileOpenTime line indicates the numerical timestamp and the timestamp’s formatted text of the
time at which the file was created.
FILEOPENTIME, 889141960.579000 3/5/1998, 3:52:40 PM
The Info lines supply additional information about the measurement. MPMS MultiVu does not use
this information when it plots the data.
INFO, NAME, My Sample
INFO, WEIGHT, 1.000
INFO, AREA, 1.000
INFO, LENGTH, 1.000
INFO, SHAPE, 0
INFO, COMMENT,
INFO, SEQUENCE FILE: Pause.MV.Seq
The StartupAxes lines specify which two axes are displayed in the graph view of the data file and
which data item is assigned to each axis. The StartupAxes lines also specify whether data is scaled
logarithmically or linearly, whether the axis is scaled automatically or manually, and the minimum
and maximum values for the axis.
STARTUPAXIS, X, 4, LINEAR, AUTO, 0.000000, 0.000000
STARTUPAXIS, Y1, 5, LINEAR, AUTO, 0.000000, 0.000000
The StartupGroup line specifies which field group is the default group for the graph data selection.
STARTUPGROUP, Longitudinal
The FieldGroup lines specify which data selection items are included in each field group and list the
data items in the numerical order of their appearance in the file.
FIELDGROUP, Longitudinal, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ,9 19
FIELDGROUP, Transverse, 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 19
The PlotAppearance line specifies the plot appearance of the graph view of the data file.
PLOT_APPEARANCE, ALL, HORZ_GRID_ON, VERT_GRID_ON, MARKERS_AND_
LINES

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Appendix B Section B.4
Data File Format Data Section

B.4 Data Section

The data section is preceded by the following bracketed keyword:
[Data]
The data section keyword is immediately followed by one line specifying the titles to be used for the
data fields for every line of data that follows. Each different data file may specify a different list of
fields that are appropriate for the type of measurement data stored in the file.

B.4.1 Data Section Field Names in Each Type of Data File

Helium Data File: heliumgr.dat
Time, Helium Level

Environment Log File: FileName.env

Time,Temperature (K),Field (Oe),Helium Level (%),Impedance
Heater,Driver2 Select,Helium Meter (V),High Res. Current
(V),Low Res. Current (V),TC gauge (V),Not Assigned (V),Long.
SQUID (V),Trans. SQUID (V),External Input (V),Bridge 1
(K),Bridge 2 (K),Bridge 3 (K),Bridge 4 (K),Driver 1
(mW/ohm),Driver 2 (mW/ohm),Dewar Pres. (kPa),

DC Measurement Data File: BaseName.dc.dat

Time,Comment,Field (Oe),Temperature (K),Long Moment (EMU),Long
Std Dev,Long Algorithm,Long Reg Fit,Long Percent Error
(%),Trans Moment (EMU),Trans Std. Dev,Trans Algorithm,Trans
Reg Fit,Trans Percent Error (%),Points per Scan,Number of
Scans,Scan Length,Delta Temp (K),Rot Position,Error,EC Comp.
Running,

DC Diagnostic Data File: BaseName.dc.diag

Time,Comment,Field (Oe),Average Temperature (K),Target
Temperature (K),Long Moment(EMU),Long Analysis,Long Range,Long
Gain,Long Filter,Long Voltmeter Gain,Long Digitizer Rate,Trans
Moment (EMU),Trans Analysis,Trans Range,Trans Gain,Trans
Filter,Trans Voltmeter Gain,Trans Digitizer Rate,Start
Temperature (K),Delta Temperature (K),End Temperature (K),Scan
Length,Number of Points,Number of Scans,Scans Rejected,High
Resolution Mode,Hysteresis,SQUID Number,Digitizer
Readings,Helium Level (%),Rot Pos,

Quantum Design MPMS MultiVu Application User’s Manual B-3

Section B.4 Appendix B
Data Section Data File Format

DC Raw Data File: BaseName.dc.raw and BaseName.dc.lastscan

Time,Comment,Field (Oe),Start Temperature (K),End Temperature
(K),Scan,Rejected,Position (cm),Rot Position,Long Voltage,Long
Average Voltage,Long Detrended Voltage,Long Demeaned
Voltage,Long Regression Fit,Long Detrended Fit,Long Demeaned
Fit,Long Moment (EMU),Trans Voltage,Trans Average
Voltage,Trans Detrended Voltage,Trans Demeaned Voltage,Trans
Regression Fit,Trans Detrended Fit,Trans Demeaned Fit,Trans
Moment (EMU),

B-4 MPMS MultiVu Application User’s Manual Quantum Design

Appendix B Section B.5
Data File Format Data Types

B.5 Data Types

B.5.1 Numerical Data

Numerical data in a data file may be stored in any standard floating point or integer format with the
fields separated by commas. Note, however, that when data is read from the file, any floating point
number that is read into an integer variable is truncated.

B.5.2 Strings
Strings are not delimited by quotation marks, apostrophes, or commas. Furthermore, only one string
should be assigned to each line and no other fields should be on that line. In this format, strings may
then contain any punctuation and can be entered by the appropriate line-entry command in the
language of choice.

B.5.3 Boolean
Boolean variables should be represented as integers 0 or 1, where 0 indicates FALSE and 1 indicates
TRUE.

B.5.4 Additional Information

This section describes some of the data file fields in more detail.
High Res Mode Enabled (Boolean):
0 = Disabled
1 = Enabled
This only returns the software status and does not reflect the fact that above 5000 G
the system charges the magnet with the Low Resolution resistor.
Rotator Position:
If the rotator option is not installed, 0 is always returned.
Hysteresis:
0 = Magnet is persistent
1 = Magnet is not persistent
SQUID Number:
2 = Transverse
1 = Longitudinal

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Section B.5 Appendix B
Data Types Data File Format

Range + (X_Range * 10):

Range is an integer:
0 = X1
1 = X10
2 = X100
3 = X1000
X_Range is a Boolean:
0 = OFF
1 = ON
Values for "Range + (X_Range * 10)" are
Extended range OFF = 0, 1, 2, 3
Extended range ON = 10, 11, 12, 13
Gain (Integer):
0 = X1
1 = X2
2 = X5
3 = X10
Voltmeter Digitizer Gain:
See Gain
Filter (Integer):
0= 20,000 Hz (AC or RSO)
1= 5000 Hz (AC or RSO)
2= 1200 Hz (AC or RSO)
3= 100 Hz
= 80 Hz (AC or RSO)
4= 10 Hz
5= 1 Hz
= 5 Hz (AC or RSO)
6= Elliptical
7= None
Rate (Integer):
1 = 60 Hz
2 = 180 Hz

Scan Type (Integer):

1 = Full scan
2 = Linear regression
3 = Iterative regression

B-6 MPMS MultiVu Application User’s Manual Quantum Design

References

National Instruments. 1996. Getting Started with Your Non Plug and Play GPIB Hardware and Software for
Windows 95: AT-GPIB [and] EISA-GPIB.

Quantum Design. 1998. Magnetic Property Measurement System: AC Option User’s Manual.

⎯⎯⎯. 1999. Magnetic Property Measurement System: EverCool Dewar Option User’s Manual.

⎯⎯⎯. 1999. Magnetic Property Measurement System: External Device Control Language User’s Manual.

⎯⎯⎯. 1998. Magnetic Property Measurement System: Reciprocating Sample Option User’s Manual.

⎯⎯⎯. 1994. Model 1802 Digital R/G Bridge Operating Manual.

⎯⎯⎯. 1994. Model 1822 MPMS Controller User’s Manual.

⎯⎯⎯. 1990. MPMS Hardware Reference Manual.

⎯⎯⎯. 1994. MPMS Horizontal Rotator User’s Manual.

⎯⎯⎯. 1996. Service note 1014-806, Replacing the hardware configuration option EPROM on the 1822.

Quantum Design MPMS MultiVu Application User’s Manual References-1

Index

7-tesla magnet calibration factors, 7-8 Control center

default values, 7-9 and controlling sequence operation, 2-6, 5-7
sequence commands, 6-26 illustration of, when sequence is running, 5-7
opening, 2-6, 2-7
AC sample measurement, 3-2 Control loop operation, 6-7−6-8. See also Autoscanning;
Active sequence, 5-3 Scan Field command; Scan Rotation command;
Adjust Position command, 6-18 Scan Temperature command
Autoranging
caution against disabling, 3-8, 3-13 Data files
definition, 3-6, 6-21, 8-3 data-viewing formats, 2-9, 4-1, 4-14. See also Graph
in immediate mode, 8-2−8-3 view; Raw data view; Record view; Table view
sequence command, 6-21 default directory for, 4-3
Auto Reset command, 6-34 file extension identifying type of, 4-2−4-3
Autoscanning, definition of, 6-22, 8-3 format, 4-1−4-2, B-1, B-5. See also Data section;
Autotracking Header
affect on sample transport initialization, 3-7 identifying active, 2-6, 2-7, 4-4
caution against disabling, 3-8, 3-13 types, 4-1, 4-5. See also Diagnostic data files; EDC
definition, 3-6, 6-36 data files; Environment log files; Field profile scan
in immediate mode, 8-11−8-12 files; Helium data file; Measurement data files;
sequence command, 6-36 Raw data files; Scan data files
Data points, minimum number of
Bridge channel diagnostics. See Model 1802: Bridge calibration factor setting, 7-8
channel diagnostics default value, 7-9
sequence command, 6-23
Calibration factors Data points parameter, definition of, 3-6
avoiding changing, 6-22, 7-7 Data section, in data file
default values, 7-9 field names in, example of, B-3−B-4
sequence commands, 6-22−6-26 listing stored data, 4-1, B-1
standard, list of, 7-8 .dat files. See Measurement data files
Centering measurement. See also Sample measurement DC Center command, 6-18
computing magnetic moment from. See Measurement DC Parameters command, 6-18−6-19
algorithms DC sample measurement. See Sample measurement
description, 3-9, 3-10 .diag files. See Diagnostic data files
parameters, 3-6 Diagnostic data files
procedures, 3-7−3-11. See also Center sequence association with single measurement data file, 4-7
commands creating, 4-7, 4-9, 4-10
running prior to sample measurement, 3-6, 6-18 as sample measurement data file, 4-5
saving data from, 3-9. See also Scan data files storing data from multiple scans, 4-5, 4-7
types, 3-6. See also Full centering measurement; Partial Diagnostics
centering measurement in immediate mode, 8-1−8-15
Center sequence commands, 6-18−6-19 sequence commands, 6-21−6-39
Chamber diagnostics. See Gas system diagnostics Driver channel diagnostics. See Model 1802: Driver
Chamber status panels channel diagnostics
data in, 2-9
in illustration of status bar, 2-7
CmdList.seq file, 5-12
Command list sequence file, 5-12

Quantum Design MPMS MultiVu Application User’s Manual Index-1

Index

EDC data files, 4-5, 4-8 Header, in data file

End Scan command, 6-7, 6-8 defining default graph format, 4-1, 4-17, B-1
End Sequence command, 5-4, 6-2 defining file type, 4-1, B-1
.env files. See Environment log files lines in, example of, B-2
Environment log files. See also Logging data Helium data file, 4-5, 4-7, 7-5
creating, 4-11−4-12 Heliumgr.dat file. See Helium data file
storing time-based parameters, 4-7−4-8 Helium level meter, minimizing time turned on, 6-27, 8-4
Extended-range calibration factor, 7-8 Helium transfer, monitoring, 7-5
default value, 7-9 Hysteresis approach mode, suggested use of, 6-12, 7-2
sequence command, 6-23
Error messages, configuring, 7-10 Immediate mode
Event log files, 7-11 centering measurement in, procedures for, 3-7−3-11
EverCool status data, in chamber status panels, 2-9 definition, 1-1−1-2
sample measurement in, procedures for, 3-12−3-14
Field-penetration calibration factor, 7-8 Impedance heater operating modes, 6-27
default value, 7-9 Initialize Transport command, 6-19
sequence command, 6-23 Installation. See MPMS MultiVu: Installing
Field profile scan files, 4-5, 4-8 Iterative regression algorithm
Field status panels default algorithm during partial centering measurement,
data in, 2-8 3-9, 3-15, 3-16. See also Linear regression
in illustration of status bar, 2-7 algorithm
Full centering measurement definition, 3-15
parameters, 3-6, 3-8 suggested use, 3-15, 3-16
running, 3-9. See also Full DC Scan command
using full scan algorithm, 3-9 .lastscan file. See Scan data files
Full DC Scan command, 6-19 Low-temperature heater factor, 7-8
Full scan algorithm default value, 7-9
definition, 3-15, 3-16 sequence command, 6-25
during full centering measurement, 3-9, 3-15, 3-16 Linear regression algorithm
suggested use, 3-15, 3-16 definition, 3-15, 3-16
substituting for iterative regression algorithm, 3-9,
Gas system diagnostics 3-14, 3-15, 3-16
in immediate mode, 8-3−8-4 suggested use, 3-15, 3-16
sequence commands, 6-26−6-28 Logging data, 7-6−7-7. See also Environment log files;
settings, list of, 8-4 Start Data Logging command; Stop Data Logging
.gph file. See Graph configuration file command
GPIB diagnostics, 8-7 Logging system messages, 7-11
Graph configuration file
automatically saving graph format, 4-4 Magnet
default file defining graph view, 4-14 7-tesla, calibration factors for. See 7-tesla magnet
restoring current, 4-19 calibration factor, 6-22, 7-8, 7-9
Graph template file correcting field-intensity data from, 6-33, 7-6, 8-9
applying to graph view, 4-13 diagnostics
creating, 4-13 effect of misuse, 6-31, 8-8
as user-created template, 4-4 in immediate mode, 8-8−8-9
Graph view parameters, list of, 8-8−8-9
as default viewing format, 4-14 sequence commands, 6-31−6-33
in illustration of MPMS MultiVu interface, 2-2 resetting, 6-33, 7-6
magnifying, 4-19 Magnet polarity modes, 6-32
modifying appearance, 4-17 Magnetic field
plotting specified data points, 4-14 approach modes, suggested use, 6-12, 7-2
printing, 4-13 avoiding changing when helium is low, 6-10, 7-2
restoring default, 4-19 resolution modes, definition of, 6-12
selecting parameters plotted in, 4-18−4-19 setting, 7-2. See also Set Field command
with two plots, illustration of, 4-14 stabilizing series of, 6-10−6-12
status, displayed in field status panels, 2-7, 2-8

Index-2 MPMS MultiVu Application User’s Manual Quantum Design

 Index

Magnetic moment calibration, determining, 3-1 Raw data files

Measure DC command, 6-20 association with single measurement data file, 4-7
Measurement. See Sample measurement creating, 4-7, 4-9, 4-10
Measurement algorithms, summary of functions, 3-15 as sample measurement data file, 4-5
Measurement data files storing raw voltages from multiple scans, 4-5, 4-7
creating Raw data view, 4-16
to store immediate-mode data, 4-9 .raw files. See Raw data files
to store sequence data, 4-10−4-11 Raw measurement data, definition of, 3-1
determining name of active files, 4-2, 4-6 Record view
as sample measurement data file, 4-5 listing parameters for single data point, 4-15
storing option-specific measurement data, 4-5, 4-6 selecting data point for, 4-14, 4-15, 4-16
Measure sequence commands, 6-20−6-21 Regression calibration factor, 7-8
Menus, in MPMS MultiVu, function of, 2-1, 2-3. See also default value, 7-9
Tool bar buttons: Equivalent menu commands sequence command, 6-23
Message display, configuring, 7-10 Remark command, 6-10
Model 1802 RSO sample measurement, 3-2
bridge channel diagnostics Run Sequence command, 6-10
in immediate mode, 8-2−8-3
parameters, list of, 8-3 Sample
sequence commands, 6-21−6-22 attaching to sample rod, 3-2
driver channel diagnostics centering, procedures for, 3-6−3-11
in immediate mode, 8-5−8-6 inserting in sample chamber, 3-3−3-5
parameters, list of, 8-6 name of installed, displayed in control center, 2-6, 5-7
sequence commands, 6-29−6-31 parameters, defining, 3-5, 5-8
Move Sample command, 6-9−6-10 Sample chamber atmosphere, controlling, 7-3
MPMS MultiVu Sample measurement. See also Centering measurement;
activating options in, 7-12 Sample
automating system operation. See Sequence files: computing magnetic moment from. See Measurement
Automating system operation algorithms
installing, A-1−A-3 considerations during, 3-17
interface, illustration of, 2-2 description, 3-1, 3-14
logging system messages generated by, 7-11 procedures
as MDI Windows application, 2-1 in immediate mode, 3-12−3-14
message display, configuring, 7-10 in sequence mode, 5-8−5-10
new features, 1-2 saving data from, 3-13, 3-14, 5-9. See also Sample
overview, 1-1−1-2 measurement data files
starting up, 1-3 using parameters from partial centering measurement,
system messages, list of, 7-10 3-12, 5-8
as Windows 95 application, 1-1 Sample measurement data files, 4-5. See also Diagnostic
MPMSR2 DOS files, converting to MPMS MultiVu data files; Measurement data files; Raw data files;
format, 1-2, 7-12 Scan data files
Sample transport
No-overshoot approach mode, suggested use of, 6-12, 7-2 diagnostics
in immediate mode, 8-11−8-13
Options, activating, 7-12 motor configuration parameters, 8-13
Oscillate approach mode, suggested use of, 6-12, 7-2 movement control commands, 8-12
Output range, for driver channel, 6-30, 8-6 sequence commands, 6-36−6-38
Oven calibration factor, 7-8 initializing, 3-7. See also Initialize Transport command
default value, 7-9 moving with Move Sample command, 6-9−6-10
sequence command, 6-24 Scan commands. See also Scan Field command; Scan
Rotation command; Scan Temperature command
Partial centering measurement and control loop operation, 6-7−6-8
defined by user-set parameters, 3-6, 3-8 performing multipart tasks, 6-7
importance of prior to sample measurement, 3-6, 3-12 Scan data files
running, 3-9. See also DC Center command; DC association with single measurement data file, 4-6
Parameters command as sample measurement data file, 4-5
using iterative regression algorithm, 3-9 storing raw voltages from most recent scan, 4-5, 4-6
PID commands, 6-30, 6-31, 8-6
Pop-up menus, opening, 2-3

Quantum Design MPMS MultiVu Application User’s Manual Index-3

Index

Scan Field command Sequence Status dialog box

parameters, 6-11−6-12 and editing paused sequence run, 5-11−5-12
pausing sequence run, 6-9, 6-10 listing commands in active sequence, 5-10, 5-11
as scan command, 6-7, 6-9, 6-10 opening, 5-10, 5-11, 5-12
stabilizing series of magnetic fields, 6-10 Sequence status, displaying
Scan length parameter, definition of, 3-6 in control center, 2-6, 5-7, 5-10
Scan parameters in status bar, 2-7, 5-10
list of, 3-6 Sequence status panels, 2-7
using identical for partial centering and sample Serial port diagnostics, 8-9
measurements, 3-12, 5-8 Set Datafile command
Scan Rotation command changing data files during sequence run, 4-4, 6-21
parameters, 6-13−6-14 using, example of, 4-10−4-11
as scan command, 6-7, 6-9, 6-13 Set Field command
Scan Temperature command parameters, 6-16
parameters, 6-14−6-15 pausing sequence run, 6-9, 6-16
pausing sequence run, 6-9, 6-14 Set Temperature command, 6-16
as scan command, 6-7, 6-9, 6-14 Set Temperature Undercool command, 6-16
setting series of temperatures, 6-14 Settle approach mode, suggested use of, 6-15
Selected sequence Settle time calibration factor, 7-8
definition, 2-6, 5-3 default values, 7-9
identified in MPMS MultiVu interface, 2-6, 2-7, 5-3 sequence command, 6-23
opening, 5-4, 5-5, 5-11 Slide seal clamps, illustration of, 3-3, 3-4
Sequence command bar SQUID
displaying, 5-2 calibration factors, 7-8
listing sequence commands, 2-9, 5-1, 5-2, 6-1 default values, 7-9
Sequence commands sequence commands, 6-23
modifying parameters of, 5-5 diagnostics
in sequence command bar, 2-9, 5-1, 5-2, 6-1 in immediate mode, 8-10−8-11
similarities with menu options, 6-2 sequence commands, 6-33−6-35
types, 5-1, 6-1. See also Center sequence commands; tuning, 7-3
Diagnostic sequence commands; Measure sequence SQUID parameters
commands; System sequence commands list of, 3-6
Sequence editor using identical for partial centering and sample
duplicating active, 5-2 measurements, 3-12, 5-8
in illustration of MPMS MultiVu interface, 2-2 Standby mode, entering, 7-5
listing commands in sequence file, 2-9, 5-1, 5-2 Start Data Logging command, 6-35
Sequence files. See also Sequence command bar; Sequence Status bar, 2-7−2-9
editor Stop Data Logging command, 6-35
automating system operation, 5-1 Sweep approach mode, suggested use of, 6-15
creating, 5-4 System operation, automating. See Sequence files:
default directory, 5-4 Automating system operation
editing, 5-4−5-5. See also Sequence run: Editing System sequence commands, 6-9−6-17. See also Scan
paused commands
locking status, 5-6
naming conventions, 5-3 Table view
printing, 5-5 function, 4-16
running, example of, 5-8−5-10. See also Sequence run: opening, 4-14, 4-16
Performing partial Temperature
Sequence mode approach modes, suggested use, 6-15
centering measurement in, 5-8 calibration factors, 7-8
definition, 1-1−1-2 default values, 7-9
sample measurement in, procedures for, 5-8−5-10 sequence commands, 6-24−6-25
Sequence run control diagnostic, 8-15
aborting, 5-10 setting
editing paused, 5-11−5-12 series of, 6-14−6-15
initiating, 5-10 single, 7-1. See also Set Temperature command
performing partial, 5-11 status
displayed in Temperature Control dialog box, 8-15
displayed in temperature status panels, 2-7, 2-8

Index-4 MPMS MultiVu Application User’s Manual Quantum Design

 Index

Temperature status panels

data in, 2-8
in illustration of status bar, 2-7
Thermometer consistency tolerance, 6-25, 7-8
Thermometer translation files, downloading, 8-2
Tool bar buttons, in MPMS MultiVu
equivalent menu commands, 2-5
function, 2-1, 2-4
.tpl file. See Graph template file
Transverse Rotator Steps/Degree calibration factor, 7-8
default value, 7-9
sequence command, 6-23

Virtual bridge channels, on Model 1802, 8-2

Voltmeter diagnostics
in immediate mode, 8-14
sequence commands, 6-38

Wait For command

conditions affected by, 6-17
pausing sequence run, 6-9, 6-17

Quantum Design MPMS MultiVu Application User’s Manual Index-5