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SECOND YEAR HIGHER SECONDAY SECOND TERMINAL EXAMINATION, DECEMBER 2024.

ANSWER KEY

1. i) c) transitive only
ii) Minimum number of ordered pairs= 7
Relation R is {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (1,3), (2,1), (3,1), (3,2)}

𝜋 𝜋
2. i) (− 2 , 2 )
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋+2𝜋 5𝜋
ii) The expression= 𝜋 − 4 − 4 + 3 = 4
−4+3= 4
+3=2+3= 6
= 6

3. i) b) Skew symmetric Matrix

1 2 0 0
ii) [1 2 1] [2 0 1] [2] = 0
1 0 2 𝑥
0
[1 + 4 + 1 2 + 0 + 0 0 + 2 + 2] [2] = 0
𝑥
0
[6 2 4] [2] = 0
𝑥
[0 + 4 + 4𝑥] = [0]
4 + 4𝑥 = 0
4𝑥 = −4
𝑥 = −1

4. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 ⟹ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 0
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 = −1
∴ 𝑥 = −1
𝜋 3𝜋
=𝜋−4= 4
3𝜋 3𝜋
∴ The intervals may be [0, ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ( 4 , 𝜋]
4
3𝜋 𝜋
when 𝑥 ∈ [0, 4
), say 𝑥 = 2
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑓 ′ (2 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 = 0 + 1 = 1 ↑

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3𝜋 5𝜋
When 𝑥 ∈ ( 4 , 𝜋] , 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝑥 = 6
5𝜋 5𝜋 5𝜋
𝑓 ′ ( 6 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛
6 6
𝜋 𝜋
= −𝑐𝑜𝑠 6 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 6
√3 1 −√3+1
=− +2= ↓
2 2
3𝜋
i) 𝑓 is strictly increasing in [0, ).
4
3𝜋
ii) 𝑓 is strictly decreasing in ( 4 , 𝜋].

𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
5. i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
− 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
=∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑓′(𝑥)
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥| + 𝑐 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑓(𝑥)| + 𝑐
1
ii) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 2−6𝑥+13 𝑑𝑥
1
= ∫ 𝑥 2 −6𝑥+32−32+13
𝑑𝑥
= ∫ (𝑥−3)2+22
1 𝑥−3
= 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )+𝑐
2

6. i) Order-2
Degree-1
𝑑𝑦 1+𝑦 2
ii) = 1+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
= 1+𝑥 2
1+𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
∫ 1+𝑦 2 = 1+𝑥 2

𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝐶

7. i) |𝑎̅. 𝑏̅| = 𝑎̅ × 𝑏̅
𝑎𝑏 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 𝑎𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
𝜋
∴𝜃= 4
2 2 2
ii) |𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗| = |𝑎⃗|2 |𝑏⃗⃗| − (𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗) = 22 . 32 − 42 = 36 − 16 = 20

∴ |𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗| = √20 = 2√5

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8. i) Vector Equation: r⃗ = (5î − 4ĵ + 6k̂) + λ(4î + 7ĵ + 2k̂)

ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑏1 = î − ĵ − 2k̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
b2 = 3î − 5ĵ − 4k̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
b1 . ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
b2 = 3 + 5 + 8 = 16
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗1 | = √1 + 1 + 4 = √16
|b
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗2 | = √9 + 25 + 16 = √50 = 5√2
|b
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
b |b ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
2|
Angle b/w the lines, θ = cos−1 | ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
|
|b1 ||b2 |

16
= cos−1 ( )
√6×5√2
16
= cos−1 ( )
√3×√2×5×√2
8
= cos−1 (5√3)

9) i) b) [x]
ii) 𝑥 = 𝑎(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 )
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑎(− 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 + 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 .1)
𝑑𝜃

= 𝑎 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
𝑦 = 𝑎 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃)
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑎[𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 − (𝜃 × − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃. 1)]
𝑑𝜃

= 𝑎(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 )

= 𝑎 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑑𝜃 / 𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑥
𝑎𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
= 𝑎 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃

10) Let the side of the square to be cut off = 𝑥 𝑐𝑚

Then, length of the box , 𝑙 = (45 − 2𝑥)𝑐𝑚
Breadth of the box, 𝑏 = (24 − 2𝑥)𝑐𝑚
Height of the box, ℎ = 𝑥 𝑐𝑚
Volume, 𝑉 = 𝑙𝑏ℎ
= (45 − 2𝑥)(24 − 2𝑥)𝑥
= (1080 − 90𝑥 − 48𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 )𝑥
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= 1080 𝑥 − 138 𝑥 2 + 4 𝑥 3
= 4𝑥 3 − 138 𝑥 2 + 1080 𝑥
𝑑𝑉
= 12𝑥 2 − 276 𝑥 + 1080
𝑑𝑥
𝑑2 𝑉
= 24𝑥 − 276
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑𝑉
For max. Volume, 𝑑𝑥 = 0

12𝑥 2 − 276𝑥 + 1080 = 0

𝑥 2 − 23𝑥 + 90 = 0
(𝑥 − 18)(𝑥 − 5) = 0
∴ 𝑥 = 18 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 5
But 𝑥 = 18 𝑐𝑚 is not admissible.
∴ 𝑥 = 5 𝑐𝑚
𝑑2 𝑉
∴ 𝑑𝑥 2 = 24 × 5 − 276 = 120 − 276 < 0

∴ 𝑉 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑥
∴ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑓𝑓 = 5 𝑐𝑚.

𝜋/2
11. i) 𝐼 = ∫−𝜋/2 𝑠𝑖𝑛5 𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛5 𝑥
𝑓(−𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛5 (−𝑥) = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛5 𝑥 = −𝑓(𝑥), 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑓𝑢𝑛
∴𝐼=0
2
ii) 𝐼 = ∫−1|𝑥 3 − 𝑥|𝑑𝑥
Put 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 = 0
𝑥(𝑥 2 − 1) = 0
𝑥 = 0 (𝑜𝑟) 𝑥 2 = 1
∴𝑥±1
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 − 1 𝑡𝑜 0, 0 𝑡𝑜 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1 𝑡𝑜 2
0 1 2
∴ 𝐼 = ∫−1(𝑥 3 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 −(𝑥 3 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫1 (𝑥 3 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
0 1 2
𝑥4 𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥4 𝑥4 𝑥2
=[4 − ] +[2 − ] +[4 − ]
2 −1 4 0 2 1
1 1 1 1 16 4 1 1
= [0 − {4 − 2}] + [2 − 4] + [ 4 − 2 − (4 − 2)]
1 1 −1
= − (− 4) + 4 + (4 − 2 − )
4

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1 1 1
=4+4+2+4
3 3+8 11
=4+2= =
4 4

𝑦2
12) i) 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥 ⇒ 𝑥 = 4
3 1 3
Area = ∫0 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 4 ∫0 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
3
1 𝑦3 1 1 9
= 4 . [ 3 ] = 12 (33 − 03 ) = 12 × 27 = 4 𝑆𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠.
0

ii)

𝑦2 𝑥2 4 − 𝑥2
= 1− =
9 4 4
9 3
𝑦 2 = 4 (4 − 𝑥 2 ) ⟹ 𝑦 = 2 √4 − 𝑥 2
2 3 2
∴ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 4 ∫0 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 4 × 2 ∫0 √22 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥 2 4 −1 𝑥 2
√ 2
= 6 [ 2 − 𝑥 + sin ( )]
2 2 2 0
2 4 2 0 4 0
= 6 [ √22 − 22 + sin−1 ( ) − { √22 − 02 + sin−1 ( )}]
2 2 2 2 2 2
𝜋
= 6[2 sin−1 1] = 6 × 2 × = 6𝜋 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
2
𝑑𝑦 𝑥2𝑦
13. = 𝑥 3 +𝑦 3 , is a homogeneous equation of degree 3
𝑑𝑥
𝑦
Put 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⟹ 𝑥 = 𝑣
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
And 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 𝑥 2 𝑣𝑥 𝑣
𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 3+𝑣3 𝑥 3 = 1+𝑣3

𝑑𝑣 𝑣 𝑣 − 𝑣(1 + 𝑣 3 ) −𝑣 4
𝑥 = − 𝑣 = =
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑣 3 1 + 𝑣3 1 + 𝑣3

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1+𝑣 3 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 =− is in variable separable.
𝑣4 𝑥

1 + 𝑣3 𝑑𝑥
∫ 4
𝑑𝑣 = − ∫
𝑣 𝑥
1 𝑑𝑥
∫ (𝑣 −4 + ) 𝑑𝑣 = − ∫
𝑣 𝑥
𝑣 −3
+ log|𝑣| = − log|𝑥| + log |𝐶|
−3
1 1 𝑦
− . 3 + log | | = − log|𝑥| + log |𝐶|
3 𝑦 𝑥
(𝑥 )

1 𝑥3
− . 3 + log|𝑦| − log |𝑥| = − log|𝑥| + log |𝐶|
3 𝑦
1 𝑥3
− . 3 + log|𝑦| = log |𝐶|
3 𝑦
𝑥3
log|𝑦| − log|𝐶| =
3𝑦 3
𝑦 𝑥3
log | | = 3
𝐶 3𝑦
𝑥 3 𝑥 3
𝑦
= 𝑒 3𝑦3 ⟹ 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑒 3𝑦3
𝐶

𝑑𝑦 2𝑥 √𝑥 2 +4
14. + 𝑦 = is a linear diff eqn.
𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 +1) 𝑥 2 +1

2𝑥 √𝑥 2 +4
𝑝 = 𝑥 2 +1 , 𝑄 = 𝑥 2 +1
2𝑥
∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 2 +1 𝑑𝑥 = log|𝑥 2 + 1|
2 +1|
𝑒 ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 log|𝑥 = (𝑥 2 + 1)
√𝑥 2 +4
∫ 𝑄𝑒 ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 2 +1
× (𝑥 2 + 1)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ √𝑥 2 + 22 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 4
= [ √𝑥 2 + 4 + log|𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 4|] + 𝐶
2 2

Solution is 𝑦𝑒 ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑄𝑒 ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶

𝑥 4
𝑦(𝑥 2 + 1) = [2 √𝑥 2 + 4 + 2 log|𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 4|] + 𝐶

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑂𝐵
15. 𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − 𝑂𝐴

𝐶𝐷 = −2𝑖̂ − 8𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ = −2(𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ ) = −2𝐴𝐵

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

∴ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝐷 are collinear.
∴ the four points A, B, C and D are collinear.

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𝑥2 −𝑥1 𝑦2 −𝑦1 𝑧2 −𝑧1

| 𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1 |
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
16. 𝑑 = | |
√(𝑏1 𝐶2 −𝑏2 𝑐1 )2 +(𝑐1 𝑎2 −𝑐2 𝑎1 )2 +(𝑎1𝑏2 −𝑎2 𝑏1 )2

3 − (−1) 5 − (−1) 7 − (−1)

7| −6 1 |
| 1 −2 1 |
=
|√[−6 − (−2)]2 + [1 − 7]2 + [−14 − (−6)]2 |

4 6 8
|7 −6 1|
| 1 −2 1 |
=
|√[−4]2 + [−6]2 + [−8]2 |

4 6 8
|7 −6 1|
| 1 −2 1 | 4(−4) − 6(6) + 8(−8)
= =| |
|√[−4]2 + [−6]2 + [−8]2 | √16 + 36 + 64

−16 − 36 − 64 116
=| |= = √116 = 2√29 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
√16 + 36 + 64 √116

17. Let we write: 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵

1 1 1 𝑥 6
Where, 𝐴 = [0 1 3] , 𝑋 = [𝑦] , 𝐵 = [11]
1 −2 1 𝑧 0
|𝐴| = 1[1 + 6] − 1[0 − 3] + 1[0 − 1] = 7 + 3 − 1 = 9 ≠ 0. Hence 𝐴−1 exists.
𝐴11 = 7 , 𝐴12 = 3 , 𝐴13 = −1
𝐴21 = −3 , 𝐴22 = 0 , 𝐴23 = 3
𝐴31 = 2 , 𝐴32 = −3, 𝐴33 = 1
7 −32
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 = [ 3 0−3]
−1 31
7 −3 2
−1 1 1
𝐴 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = [ 3 0 −3]
|𝐴| 9
−1 3 1

7 −3 2 6 42 − 33 + 0 9
−1 1 1 1
𝑋=𝐴 𝐵= [ 3 0 −3 11 = 9 18 + 0 + 0 = 9 18]
] [ ] [ ] [
9
−1 3 1 0 −6 + 33 + 0 27

𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 2, 𝑧 = 3

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18 i) a) always increasing
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ≤ 1 ⟹ 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ≥ 0

4
ii) 𝑉 = 3 𝜋𝑟 3

diff w.r.t. t
𝑑𝑉 4 𝑑𝑟 1
= 𝜋(3𝑟 2 ) = 4𝜋 × 12 × = 2𝜋 𝑐𝑚3 /𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑑𝑡 3 𝑑𝑡 2

iii) 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 3 + 12𝑥 + 5

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −3𝑥 2 + 12
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = −6𝑥
Put 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 ⟹ −3𝑥 2 + 12 = 0 ⟹ 3𝑥2 = 12
⟹ 𝑥 2 = 4 ⟹ 𝑥 = ±2
When 𝑥 = 2, 𝑓 ′′ (2) = −6 × 2 = −12 < 0
𝑓(𝑥) is maximum and the maximum value of the function is
𝑓(2) = −23 + 12(2) + 5 = −8 + 24 + 5 = 21
When 𝑥 = −2, 𝑓 ′′ (−2) = −6 × −2 = 12 > 0
𝑓(𝑥) is minimum and the minimum value of the function is
𝑓(−2) = −(−2)3 + 12(−2) + 5 = −(−8) − 24 + 5 = 8 − 24 + 5 = 11

1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
19. i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫( − . ) 𝑑𝑥
cos2 𝑥 cos2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
1 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
= ∫ (cos2 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

= ∫(sec 2 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥)𝑑𝑥
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝐶

𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥 2 +1)
ii) 𝐼 = ∫ (𝑥+1)2
𝑑𝑥

(𝑥 2 −1+2) 𝑥
=∫ (𝑥+1)2
𝑒 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥+1)(𝑥−1))+2 𝑥
=∫ (𝑥+1)2
𝑒 𝑑𝑥
𝑥−1 2
= ∫[ + (𝑥+1)2 ] 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1
𝑑 𝑥−1 (𝑥+1)−(𝑥−1) 2
[𝑑𝑥 (𝑥+1) = (𝑥+1)2
= (𝑥+1)2 ]

𝑥−1
∴ 𝐼 = 𝑒𝑥 ( )+𝐶
𝑥+1

Prepared by Remesh Chennessery 8|Page

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5𝑥+3
iii) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 +4𝑥+10

5𝑥 + 3 = 𝐴(2𝑥 + 4) + 𝐵
Put 𝑥 = −2
−10 + 3 = 𝐵 ⟹ 𝐵 = −7
Coefficient of 𝑥:
5
5 = 2𝐴 ⟹ 𝐴 =
2
5
(2𝑥+4)−7
2
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 +4𝑥+10
5 2𝑥+4 1
= 2∫ 𝑑𝑥 − 7 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 +4𝑥+10 √𝑥 2 +4𝑥+10
5
= 𝐼1 − 7𝐼2 …………. (1)
2
2𝑥+4
Let 𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 2√𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 10 + 𝐶1
√𝑥 2 +4𝑥+10

1 𝑑𝑥 2
𝐼2 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ = log |(𝑥 + 2) + √(𝑥 + 2)2 + (√6) | + 𝐶2
√𝑥 2 +4𝑥+10 2
√(𝑥+2)2 +(√6)

2
= log |(𝑥 + 2) + √(𝑥 + 2)2 + (√6) | + 𝐶2

= log|(𝑥 + 2) + √𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 10| + 𝐶2
in (1)
5
𝐼 = (2√𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 10) − 7 log|(𝑥 + 2) + √𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 10| + 𝐶
2

𝐼 = 5√𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 10 − 7 log|(𝑥 + 2) + √𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 10| + 𝐶

20. i) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = −2𝑖̂ − 4𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂

𝐴𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √4 + 16 + 16 = √36 = 6
|𝐴𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 ̂
−2𝑖̂−4𝑗̂ +4𝑘 ̂
−𝑖̂−2𝑗̂ +2𝑘
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =
Unit vector in the direction of 𝐴𝐵 = =
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
|𝐴𝐵| 6 3

ii) 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ = 6𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 8𝑘̂

𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗ = 4𝑖̂ − 4𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂

(𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗). (𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗) = (6)(4) + (2)(−4) + (−8)(2) = 24 − 8 − 16 = 0

∴ 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗ are perpendicular.

𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
iii) 𝑎⃗ × 𝑏 = |1 −1 3| = 20𝑖̂ + 5𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂
⃗⃗
2 −7 1
Area of the parallelogram= |𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗| = √400 + 25 + 25 = √450 = 15√2 sq units.

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Prepared by Remesh Chennessery 9|Page