Scribd
Upload
26 views

Data Science, CV and NLP ai

Uploaded by

piyushbhardwaj362000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
26 views

Data Science, CV and NLP ai

Uploaded by

piyushbhardwaj362000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Data Science

A multidisciplinary field combining statistics, mathematics, and computer science to extract insights from data.

Applications of Data Science

- Healthcare: Disease prediction, drug discovery, personalized treatment plans.

- Finance: Fraud detection, risk management, stock market prediction.

- Retail: Customer segmentation, recommendation systems, inventory optimization.

- Transportation: Route optimization, autonomous vehicles, traffic forecasting.

- Social Media: Sentiment analysis, targeted advertising, content personalization.

Computer Vision

A subfield of AI focused on enabling computers to interpret and process visual data like images and videos.

- Key Techniques:

- Image Classification

- Object Detection

- Image Segmentation

- Optical Character Recognition (OCR)

Applications of Computer Vision

- Healthcare: Analyzing medical scans (e.g., X-rays, MRIs), detecting diseases.

- Retail: Automated checkout systems, shelf monitoring, customer behavior analysis.

- Automotive: Self-driving cars for obstacle detection and navigation.

- Security: Surveillance, facial recognition, and anomaly detection.

Ethical Implications of Using Facial Recognition Technology

- Privacy Concerns: Unconsented collection of biometric data.

- Bias: Disproportionate inaccuracies for certain demographics, leading to discrimination.

- Surveillance Overreach: Potential misuse in public spaces, impacting civil liberties.

- Regulation Needs: Calls for transparency, accountability, and ethical guidelines.

Key Concepts in Computer Vision


1. Classification:

- Identifies the overall category of an image (e.g., cat or dog).

- Focuses on assigning a single label to the image.

2. Classification + Localization:

- Not only classifies the image but also provides the spatial location of the classified object using bounding boxes.

3. Object Detection:

- Identifies and locates multiple objects within an image.

- Provides bounding boxes for each detected object (e.g., cars, people).

4. Instance Segmentation:

- Goes beyond object detection by outlining the exact shape of each detected object.

- Separates overlapping objects within the same class.

How Machine Learning Improves Computer Vision Accuracy:

- Learning Complex Patterns: ML models, especially deep learning, can detect intricate visual features.

- Continuous Improvement: With more data, models adapt to handle edge cases like overlapping objects or low-
light images.

- Applications: Self-driving cars, medical imaging, and video surveillance.

NLP enables computers to understand, interpret, and respond to human language in text or speech.

- Key Processes: Sentence segmentation, tokenization, parsing, sentiment analysis, and machine translation.

Applications:

- Speech-to-Text: Converting spoken language into written text.

- Chatbots: Automating customer support.

- Translation: Converting text between languages.

- Sentiment Analysis: Determining emotions expressed in text.

Key Concepts in NLP:

1. Sentence Segmentation: Splitting text into meaningful sentences for processing.


2. Tokenization: Breaking sentences into words or subwords for analysis.

3. Stemming: Reducing words to their root forms by removing affixes (e.g., "running" → "run").

4. Lemmatization: Transforming words to their dictionary base form considering context (e.g., "better" → "good").

Challenges in NLP:

1. Ambiguity: Words may have multiple meanings depending on context.

2. Context Understanding: Difficulty interpreting idioms, sarcasm, or cultural references.

3. Language Variability: Handling diverse languages, dialects, and informal text formats.

- Specific Challenge:

- Contextual Understanding: Sarcasm or figurative speech, such as "That’s just great!" in a negative scenario, is
hard for NLP to process accurately, leading to incorrect sentiment analysis.

OCR (Optical Character Recognition):

- Purpose: Converts images of printed or handwritten text into editable and searchable formats.

- Applications: Digitizing books, automating data entry, and improving accessibility for visually impaired users.

Advanced NLP Concepts

How Word Embedding Improves NLP Accuracy:

- Semantic Understanding: Word embeddings map words into a continuous vector space, capturing meanings and
relationships (e.g., "king" - "man" + "woman" ≈ "queen").

- Context Representation: Helps models understand similarity and nuance between words.

Three Main Challenges in NLP Systems:

1. Data Sparsity: Limited training data for rare languages or topics.

2. Grammar Variability: Complex sentence structures and evolving slang.

3. Bias: Datasets may reflect societal biases, leading to skewed model predictions.

You might also like