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physics 102 ch 24

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16 views48 pages

physics 102 ch 24

Uploaded by

abusnineh16
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 24

Gauss’s Law
Dr.Yasmeen Qawasmeh
15.9 Electric Flux and Gauss's law
Electric flux, property of an electric field that may be thought of as the
number of electric lines of force (or electric field lines) that intersect a given
area.
E: Electric Field
A: area

Θ: angle between the E and the normal to the surface


The SI unit of flux N.m2/C
\

EA EAcosθ Zero
Answer: C. 20 N.m2/C

Answer : b.10 N.m2/C


● Consider the closed surface in Active Figure
● The vectors point in different
directions for the various surface elements,
but at each point they are normal to the
surface and, by convention, always point
outward.
● At the element labeled 1 , the field lines are
crossing the surface from the inside to the
outside and Ө<90°; hence, the flux through
this element is positive.
● For element 2 , the field lines graze the
surface (perpendicular to the vector );
therefore, Ө=90° and the flux is zero.
● For elements 3 such as , where the field lines
are crossing the surface from outside to
inside, 180° >Ө>90° and the flux is negative
because cos Ө is negative.
● The net Flux through the surface is proportional to the net number of lines
leaving the surface, where the net number means the number of lines
leaving the surface minus the number of lines entering the surface.
● If more lines are leaving than entering, the net flux is positive.
● If more lines are entering than leaving, the net flux is negative.
● Answer

● Answer: (e). The same number of field lines pass through a sphere of
any size. Because points on the surface of the sphere are closer to
the charge, the field is stronger.
24.2Gauss’s Law
● Answer: (b) and (d). Statement (a) is not necessarily true because an equal
number of positive and negative charges could be present inside the
surface. Statement (c) is not necessarily true as can be seen from Figure
24.8: a nonzero electric field exists everywhere on the surface, but the
charge is not enclosed within the surface and the net flux is therefor is
zero.
Answer : d
23.3 Application of gauss’s law to various charge
distributions
15.6 Conductors in electrostatic Equilibrium
A good electric conductor like copper, although electrically neutral, contains
charges (electrons) that aren’t bound to any atom and are free to move about
within the material.

When no net motion of charge occurs within a conductor, the conductor


is said to be in electrostatic equilibrium.
An isolated conductor has the following properties:
● Answer:
The Electric Field of a Charged Spherical Shell
Conclusion
● The electric field inside a uniformly charged spherical shell is zero.
● The electric Field is zero for the conducting material in the region a < r <b.
● The field outside is the same as that of a point charge having a total
charge Q located at the center of the shell.
A Nonconducting Plane Sheet of Charge
● Find the electric field above and below a nonconducting infinite plane
sheet of charge with uniform positive charge per unit area 𝜎

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