10 Multiplication

and division (1)

10.1 Multiplication
Worked example 1
product
Calculate 256 × 27

Estimate 250 × 20 = 5000 and Start by estimating the size of

250 × 30 = 7500 the answer.
The answer is between 5000 and 7500.
• Multiply 256 by 7
2 5 6
• Multiply 256 by 20
× 2 7 • Add the two answers together
1 7 9 2
The order you do the multiplications
5 1 2 0
does not matter.
6 9 1 2

Answer: 6912 Use your estimate to check that your

answer is reasonable.

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 10 Multiplication and division (1)

Exercise 10.1
Focus
1 Complete the cross number puzzle.
1 2 3

5 6

7 8

9 10

11 12

13

14 15

ACROSS DOWN
1. 171 × 9 1. 361 × 4
3. 8×9 2. 158 × 6
4. 528 × 8 3. 927 × 8
5. 502 × 9 6. 748 × 2
7. 253 × 5 7. 3×6
9. 732 × 4 8. 628 × 8
11. 224 × 7 9. 513 × 5
12. 128 × 4 10. 956 × 3
13. 157 × 4 12. 117 × 5
14. 774 × 2
15. 6 × 9

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 10.1 Multiplication

Practice
2 Calculate each product.
You must write an estimate before doing the calculation.

a 1546 × 7 =

b 2398 × 8 =

c 3594 × 6 =

3 Write in the missing digits to make this calculation correct.

6 ×
1 0 3 2

4 Nailah estimates 2999 × 70 = 210 000

Has she made a good estimate?
Explain your answer.

5 Use the digits 0, 1, 5 and 9 to complete this calculation.

× = 1350

6 Hassan finds the product of two multiples of 10.

The answer is 12 000.
List all the calculations that give his answer.

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 10 Multiplication and division (1)

Challenge
7 Ella and Roz complete the same multiplication.
Ella Roz

7 3 4 5 7 3 4 5

× 2 4 × 2 4

2 9 3 8 0 1 4 6 9 0 0

1 4 6 9 0 0 2 9 2 8 0

1 7 6 2 8 0 1 7 6 1 8 0

1 1 1 1

Who has the correct answer?

What mistake has the other girl made?

8 Find the product of 6589 × 37

9 The distance from London to Budapest is 1723 kilometres.

Mary lives in Budapest and travels to London and back six times.
How far does she travel?

10 The table shows ticket sales during one day at four theatres.

Theatre Apollo Lif Legend Mani

Number of tickets sold 2108 1935 2245 1649

Cost of ticket $45 $39 $42 $47

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 10.2 Division

Which theatre took the most money during the day?

You must show all your working.

10.2 Division
Worked example 2
dividend  divisor
A coach operator puts a first aid kit on 378 coaches. quotient  remainder
The first aid kits are sold in boxes of 18.
How many boxes are needed?

Estimate: 380 ÷ 20 = 19 so the answer Start by making an estimate.

will be approximately 19
21 There are twenty 18s in 378. Record
18 378 2 tens on the answer line. Subtract 360
– 360 18 × 20 (18 × 20) from 378 to leave 18.
18
There is one 18 in 18. Record 1 one on
–18 18 × 1
the answer line. Subtract 18 (18 × 1) from
0
18 to leave 0. There is no remainder.
Answer: 21 boxes are needed

Exercise 10.2
Focus
1 Calculate 837 ÷ 9

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 10 Multiplication and division (1)

2 Four friends have lunch each day at a café. The total cost for the
week is $152. They share the cost equally.
How much does each person pay?

3 Henryk pays $9 each week to go to the gym. He has paid $747 so far.
How many weeks has he been to the gym?

4 A team of volunteers made a total of $992 by selling T-shirts for charity.

Each T-shirt costs $8.

How many T-shirts did the volunteers sell?

Practice
5 Work out the value of the missing digits.

a 49 ÷ 5 = 98 remainder 3

b 65 ÷ 9 = 72 remainder 6

6 Calculate 936 ÷ 12

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 10.2 Division

7 An art gallery collected $600 in entrance fees in 1 hour.

Art Gallery

entrance fee
$12 per
person

How many people paid to enter the gallery during the hour?

8 A teacher needs 240 exercise books.

The exercise books are sold in packets of 16.
How many packs must the teacher buy?

Challenge
9 Leanne and Carrie complete the same division.
Leanne 720 ÷ 24 Carrie 720 ÷ 24

720 ÷ 4 ÷ 6 720 ÷ 20 ÷ 4
= 180 ÷ 6 = 36 ÷ 4
= 30 =9

Who has the correct answer?

What mistake has the other child made?

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 10 Multiplication and division (1)

10 Find the missing digits.

2 3 r2

4 4 2

11 Use the digits 1 to 6 to complete these divisions.

You must use each digit once.

a 59 ÷4= 48

b 89 ÷ 5 = 77 r

c 47 ÷3=1 8 r2

10.3 Tests of divisibility

Worked example 3
divisible  
Here is a Venn diagram for sorting numbers. factor multiple
Write each number in the correct place on the diagram. test of divisibility
3741 588 1679 1569 1092 Venn diagram

divisible by 3

divisible by 6

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 10.3 Tests of divisibility

Continued

Find the numbers that are divisible

by 3 by finding the sum of the digits,
divisible by 3 for example:
3 + 7 + 4 + 1 = 15 so 3741 is divisible
divisible by 6 by 3.

588 1569 588, 1092 and 1569 are also divisible

by 3.
1092
588 and 1092 are also divisible by 6
3741 because they are even numbers.
1679
1679 is not divisible by 3.

Exercise 10.3
Focus
1 Which of these numbers are divisible by 3?
Explain how you know.
4563 54 689 234 567

2 Write a digit in each box so that all the numbers are divisible by 3.
Can you find more than one answer?
a 7 23 b 501 7
3 Here are four labels.
not divisible
even divisible by 9 not even
by 9

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 10 Multiplication and division (1)

Write each label in the correct place on the Carroll diagram.

2322 2348
321 426 723 142

770 679 4867

2331 126 147

Practice
4 Here are five numbers.
64 128 240 352 424
Tick the statement that describes all the numbers.

A They are all divisible by 6

B They are all divisible by 7

C They are all divisible by 8

D They are all divisible by 9

5 Tick in the correct cells to show whether these numbers are divisible by 3, 6 and 9.

3 6 9

21 471

482 211

152 214

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 10.3 Tests of divisibility

6 Here is a Venn diagram.

Put these numbers on the diagram.
159 204 146 324 222 189

divisible divisible
by 6 by 9
divisible
by 3

Challenge
7 Kojo says, ‘Multiples of 6 can never end in a 3.’ Is he right?
Give a reason for your answer.

8 Here are four digits.

1 2 5 7
Use these digits to make three 3-digit numbers. You can use each digit
more than once in any number, but you must use all the digits
at least once and all three numbers must be different.

a number divisible by 3

a number divisible by 6

a number divisible by 9

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 10 Multiplication and division (1)

9 Here is a Carroll diagram with four sections A, B, C and D.

divisible by 9 not divisible by 9

divisible by 3 A B

not divisible by 3 C D

a Write a 5-digit number in sections A, B and D.

b You cannot write a number in Section C. Explain why not.

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