Scribd
Upload
29 views

CAL rabbit eye Answer key

Mydriasis

Uploaded by

afriditaj465
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
29 views

CAL rabbit eye Answer key

Mydriasis

Uploaded by

afriditaj465
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING: EFFECT OF DRUGS ON RABBIT EYE

(MIOTICS)
1. What are miotics?
Miotics are the substances that produce constriction of pupil
2. Mention four drugs producing miosis
Physostigmine
Pilocarpine
Echothiophate
Prazosin
3. Explain the mechanism through which miosis is produced by different drugs
a) Cholinergic drugs produce miosis by stimulating the M3 receptors in the
Circular muscles of the iris
b) Alpha blocking drugs produces miosis by blocking the Alpha 1 receptor in
the radial muscles of the iris
4. Draw the light reflex pathway
5. How does morphine produce miosis?

Morphine inhibits the GABAergic interneurone which keeps the Edinger


Westphal nucleus tonically inhibited. This results in stimulation of Edinger-Westphal
nucleus and constriction of pupil. (Pin point pupil)

6. Mention the various uses of miotics and the rationale behind their use.
a) Glaucoma – miotics increase tone of ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae
which improves the alignment of trabeculae so that aqueous humour
outflow increases
b) Used to revert the effect of mydriatics after refraction testing
c) Alternating with Mydriatics to prevent formation of adhesions between
iris and lens which have formed due to iritis, corneal ulcer etc.
7. What is Glaucoma?
Glaucoma is a progressive form of Optic nerve damage associated with raised
(> 21mm Hg) Intra ocular tension.

8. What are the various drugs used in Glaucoma and the rationale behind their use?
a) β adrenergic blockers – blocks the B2 receptors in ciliary epithelium
resulting in reduce aqueous secretion
b) α adrenergic agonists – reduce aqueous formation (α1 + α2)as well as
augments uveoscleral and trabecular outflow(B2)
c) Prostaglandin analogues – improves Uveoscleral (by increasing the
permeability of tissues on ciliary muscle) and trabecular outflow
d) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors – reduces aqueous formation by limiting
generation of bicarbonate ion in the ciliary epithelium
e) Miotics – increasing the ciliary muscle tone thereby improving the
patency of trabeculae resulting in increased trabecular outflow
COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING: EFFECT OF DRUGS ON RABBIT EYE
(MYDRIATICS)
1. What are mydriatics?
Mydriatics are the substances that produce dilatation of pupil
2. Mention four drugs producing mydriasis.
Atropine
Homatropine
Tropicamide
Phenylephrine

3. Explain the mechanism through which mydriasis is produced by different drugs.

pupillae) of iris through ⍺ 1 action


Adrenergic drugs produce mydriasis by contracting the radial muscles (dilator

Anticholinergic drugs produce mydriasis by relaxing the circular muscles


(Constrictor pupillae) of iris through M3 blockade

4. Mention the various uses of mydriatics and the rationale behind the use.
Refraction testing (anticholinergics) – produces cycloplegia along with
mydriasis, releases ciliary muscle spasm in myopia patients.
Fundoscopy (adrenergics) – produces mydriasis only so less discomfort

5. What is active and passive mydriasis?

muscles (dilator pupillae) of iris through ⍺ 1 action


Active mydriasis is produced by adrenergic drugs by contracting the radial

Passive mydriasis . eg.Atropine .It blocks the M3 receptors in circular muscle


of Iris, unopposed action of radial muscle of iris cause mydriasis. (indirect)

6. What are the disadvantages of using atropine as mydriatics?


Atropine is a potent mydriatic but its slow and long lasting action is
undesirable for refraction testing. Pupil dilates in 30 mins but Cycloplegia takes up to
3 hrs and the subject is visually handicapped for about a week. It produces blurring
of vision and photophobia.

7. What are the alternatives to atropine? Mention their advantages.


Homatropine – produces mydriasis in 45 mins and lasts upto 3 days.
Accomodation recovers in 2 days
Cyclopentolate – Mydriasis and cycloplegia occurs in 30 mins and lasts about
a day
Tropicamide – quickest(20 mins) and briefest (6 hrs) action.

8. Which local anaesthetic produces mydriasis?


Cocaine
9. Explain the mechanism through which cocaine produces mydriasis. What are
differences in mydriasis produced by cocaine and atropine?

Cocaine blocks the uptake of NA and Adr into the adrenergic nerve endings.

pupillae) of iris through ⍺ 1 action. Light reflex and accommodation will be present.
These adrenergic agonists produce mydriasis by contracting the radial muscles (dilator

Anticholinergic drugs like atropine produce mydriasis by relaxing the circular


muscles(Constrictor pupillae) of iris through M3 blockade. Light reflex and
accommodation will be absent.

10. What is the current status of cocaine in ophthalmology?


The only indication of Cocaine is in Ocular anaesthesia. However, it causes
constriction of conjunctival vessels, clouding and rarely sloughing of cornea. Its use,
therefore, is not warranted.

You might also like