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Science Study Notes

science notes

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Cyrille Amethyst Navarro Dayao
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18 views4 pages

Science Study Notes

science notes

Uploaded by

Cyrille Amethyst Navarro Dayao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digestive System

– this system is used in the human body for the process of digestion

– the human digestive system consists primarily of the digestive tract, or the series of structures
and organs through which food and liquids pass during their processing into forms of energy
that pass through blood streams

Mouth

– mouth in human anatomy orifice through which food and air enter the body

Salivary Glands

– the salivary glands make the saliva and it into the mouth

Teeth

– human teeth function to mechanically break down items of food by cutting and crushing them
in preparation for swallowing and digesting

Why is saliva important?

● It keeps your mouth moist and important .


● helps you chew, taste, and swallow
● fight germs in your mouth and prevents bad breath
● has proteins and minerals that protect tooth enemals and prevent tooth decay and gum
disease
● helps dentures securely in place

– you make saliva when you chew, the harder you chew, the more saliva you make

Digestion

digestion begins in the mouth itself, the food is broken down into smaller pieces using the teeth.
chewing makes the job easier for the digestive juices in the stomach. saliva formed in the mouth
contains the enzyme called ptyalin, which breaks down the food. the tongue then rolls the
masticated food into a ball, known as the bolus and pushes to the posterior end of the mouth
and into the pharynx
Pharynx

is a five-inch long tube that serves as a common passage for both food and air. the pharynx
allows the bolus from the mouth to enter the esophagus.

Esophagus

the esophagus is a ten-inch long tube like passage that connects the pharynx with the upper
end of the stomach

the bolus from the mouth passes through the esophagus to reach the stomach

the upper and lower ends of the esophagus have sphincter muscles that prevent leaking of food
from the stomach to the esophagus and the mouth. while swallowing these muscles relax and
allow the passage of food and liquid.

Peristalsis

peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive
tract. it starts in the esophagus where strong-like motions of the smooth muscle move bolus of
swallowed food to the stomach

Stomach

is a sac-like structure

function of the stomach is to collect and break down food

it secretes gastric juice, which digests food. however gastric juice does not digest starch, sugar,
and fat

it also secretes hydrochloric acid and pepsin enzymes

while certain type of food remain in the stomach for two to five hours after ingestion, liquids and
other small particles get emptied fast

this partly digested food in the stomach is called chyme, which is then passed to the small
intestine

Small Intestine
the longest part of your digestive system - about twenty feet long

it connects your stomach to your large intestine (or colon) and fold many times to fit inside your
abdomen

your small intestine does most of the digesting food you eat. it has three areas called the
duodenum, the ileum, and the jejunum

absorption is also enhanced by the vast surface area made up of folds, called villi

What is the function of the villi in the food processing in the small intestine?

the villi are sites of nutrient absorption. nutrients are absorbed by the cells of the villi into the
capillaries within them, this absorption makes vitamins and nutrients available to your blood

Large Intestine

a five-feet long tube which is subdivided into different parts such as the cecum, colon, and
rectum

the function of the large intestine is to absorb water and mineral salts from the digested food
received from the small intestine

the waste mineral or feces is stored in the sigmoid colon, from where it is passed to the rectum.
it is from the rectum that the feces is excreted out of the body via anus

Pancreas

pancreas is connected to the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine)

the pancreas secretes hormones and digestive enzymes which help in the digestion of food.
carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are broken down and digested

Liver

It processes nutrients from food, converting them into energy and storing them for later use.

The liver filters and removes toxins, drugs, and waste products from the blood.

It produces bile, which aids in digestion and the absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins.

It helps regulate blood glucose levels by storing and releasing glucose as needed.
Gall Bladder

is a four-inch long, pear-shaped organ found under the liver in the upper right region of the
abdomen. it stores bile, a compound produced by the liver to digest fat and helps the body
absorb fat-soluble vitamins and nutrients

Information;

Ingestion
food enters in the mouth

Digestion
food mixes with gastric juice and break down into usable form

Absorption
nutrients from food pass through villi to go to the bloodstream

Circulation
blood delivers the nutrients all throughout the body cells

Assimilation
the cells of the body get the nutrients to obtain energy

Egestion
waste from food are released into the anus

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