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English II- Minimum Learning Materail

(Note: This material is intended for those slow learners who find it difficult to pass the English
exam. It is enough for the student to learn three each in lessons and poems of his/her choice. Along
with this notes they must be made to learn the grammar mentioned at the end to ensure pass marks.)

PROSE

1. OF STUDIES
- Sir Francis Bacon
ANNOTATIONS
1. Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability.
2. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them.
3. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
4. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.

QUESTIONS:
1. What according to Bacon is the theme ‘Of Studies’?
2. How does Bacon emphasize the value of experience?
3. What did Bacon mean in the line “Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed,
and some few to be chewed and digested?”
4. How do studies cure the diseases of the mind?

Ans. The essay Of Studies was written by Francis Bacon.

Studies are important for personal growth. Studies help us to talk better and make better decisions.
Studies improve natural abilities. Cunning people don’t respect studies. Simple men admire
studies. Wise men use studies in their life properly. Ordinary books are to be read casually. Some
useful books are to be read once or twice. But, some books should be read carefully to absorb the
gist. Bacon also says that reading makes a man complete. Bacon says that studies cure the diseases
of our mind.
 Study of history helps us to enhance our wisdom.
 Poetry makes us imaginative.
 Mathematics makes men quick.
Thus, studies reform our character and make us more civilized.
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2. THE SECRET OF WORK

- Swami Vivekananda
ANNOTATIONS

1. The only solution of the problem is to make mankind pure.

2. Every work must necessarily be a mixture of good and evil; yet we are commanded to work
incessantly.
3. Work with freedom, inspired by love! There is no true love possible in the slave.
4. The idea of mercy and selfless charity can be put into practice; that is, by looking upon work
as worship.

QUESTIONS
1. How can the miseries of the world be cured, according to Swami Vivekananda?
2. What does Vivekananda say about a man of character?
3. What is meant by working like a master and not as a slave?
4. Explain the things that guide the conduct of human beings.

Ans. In The Secret of Work, Swami Vivekananda explains about the nature of work.

Ignorance is the main cause for all our miseries. It cannot be cured by physical help. Every work
is a mixture of good and evil. But we have to work continuously. Good work leaves good
impressions on mind and bad work, bad impressions. Character is formed by these impressions.

Liberation is freedom from the bondage of good and evil. To be happy in life we must work without
expecting returns. Expectation leads to attachment. We should work like a master and not like a
slave. We should work with freedom and love. Man should be guided by two forces called ‘Might’
and ‘Mercy’. We should treat “work as worship.”

3. J.C. BOSE
- Aldous Huxley
ANNOTATIONS:

1. The mysterious powers couldn’t help surrendering. So simple - if you happened to be Faraday.
2. We watched the growth of a plant being traced out automatically by a needle on a sheet of smoked
glass.
3. Walking the anaesthetized tree immediately took root in its new place and flourished.
4. A mortal dose of chloroform was dropped into the water. The graph became the record of a death
agony.

QUESTIONS:
1. Explain the views of Huxley about the instruments for experimentation.
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2. Explain the experiments of Bose about the growth and reaction of a plant.
3. How did J C Bose record the heart beats of a plant?
4. How did J C Bose prove that plants experience pain like other living beings?

Ans. The essay J C Bose is written by Aldous Huxley.

Huxley refers to Michael Faraday’s experiment which used simple equipment to invent the powers
of electricity. He felt that the equipment used by J C Bose was even simpler.

Huxley visited the Bose Institute at Calcutta and met Sir J. C. Bose, the great Indian scientist. He
invented many simple instruments to experiment on plant life. He proved that plants have life just
like animals with the following experiments.
 Measured the growth of plants.
 Recorded the heartbeat of the plants.
 Transplanted an anaesthetised tree.
 Overdose of chloroform is fatal to plants.

Huxley says that an overdose of chloroform is as deadly to a plant as to a man. He saw a plant
dying of it. The plant struggled for life like a dying man would do.

4. IN CELEBRATION OF BEING ALIVE

- Dr Christian Barnard
ANNOATATIONS

1. My gloomy thoughts probably stem from an accident I had few years ago.
2. My son, it is God`s will. That’s the way God tests you.
3. It opened my eyes to the fact that I was missing something in all my thinking about suffering.
4. You don’t become a better person because you are suffering; but you become a better person
because you have experienced suffering.
QUESTIONS

1. What was the accident that Dr Barnard had? How did he react to the accident?
2. What were the views of Dr Barnard’s father about suffering? In what way did Barnard`s views
differ from his father’s?
3. Who were the driver and the mechanic in the Grand Prix held at the Cape Town Red Cross
Children`s hospital? In what way was the choice of their roles suitable?
4. What lessons did Dr Barnard learn from the two children?

Ans. In Celebration of Being Alive is written by Dr Christian Barnard.

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Once the Dr Bernard and his wife met with an accident. They both suffered a lot. The doctor
recollected the words of his father that suffering is God’s way of testing us. But he didn’t
understand why suffering was important.

He changed his view when he saw two children playing in a hospital. One child had lost his arm
and the other was blind. They played a car race with a breakfast trolley in the hospital. Both the
boys and the other children in the hospital enjoyed the race. Dr Barnard suddenly realized that
living itself is a celebration. He also saw that what was lost was not important, but what we have
left with is. Finally, he agrees with his father’s words that the experience of suffering makes a man,
better person.

5. LEARNING FROM THE WEST

- N.R. Narayana Murthy
ANNOTATIONS

1. It is the protocol for behaviour that enhances the trust, confidence and commitment of members
of the community. It goes beyond the domain of legality – it is about decent and desirable
behaviour.
2. Unfortunately, our attitude towards family life is not reflected in our attitude towards
community behaviour.
3. Meritocracy by definition means that we cannot let personal prejudices affect our evaluation
of an individual’s performance.
4. People that value its privileges above its principles soon lose both.

QUESTIONS

1. Give a list of the lessons that Narayana Murthy feels we should learn from the West.
2. ‘Our attitude towards family life is not reflected in our attitude towards community behaviour.’
Explain this statement keeping in view the points made by Narayana Murthy in the essay
‘Learning from the West’.
3. ‘Indians become intimate even without being friendly.’ Illustrate this statement with an
example from Narayana Murthy’s speech.
4. What is the point that Narayana Murthy wants to drive home when he quotes Henry Beecher?
How did he conclude his speech?

Ans. Learning from the West is a speech by N. R. Narayana Murthy.

He says that Indians care more for self and family than the society. Our caring attitude towards
family is not shown in our attitude towards society. He advises us to change this attitude and
learn from people who are better than us. He mentions that we can learn the following from
the west.
 Accountability in political system.
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 Dignity of labour.
 Placing merit over relations.
 Punctuality as a virtue.
 Professionalism.
 Contractual obligation.
 Independent thinking and intellectual honesty.

He closes his speech with a hope that by learning the above, we would stand as good examples
for the next generation.

POETRY

1. ON HIS HAVING ARRIVED AT THE AGE OF TWENTY-THREE

- John Milton
ANNOTATIONS:
1. How soon hath Time, the subtle thief of youth, 3. It shall be still in strictest measure ev’n,
Stol’n on his wing my three-and-twentieth year! To that same lot, however mean or high.
2. And inward ripeness doth much less appear, 4. All is, if I have grace to use it so
That some more timely-happy spirits endu’th. As ever in my great task-master’s eye.

QUESTIONS:
1. ‘Time and tide wait for no man’ is an old saying. Discuss this in the context of the poem “On His
Having Arrived at the Age of Twenty-Three.”
2. Attempt a critical appreciation of the poem “On His Having Arrived at the Age of Twenty- Three.”

Ans: The poem On His Having Arrived at the Age of Twenty-Three is written by John Milton.

The poet conveys his thoughts about reaching a milestone in his life. He begins by lamenting that time
is moving fast and he hasn’t achieved much yet. Time is personified as a thief here. He worries that he
could not produce worthy poetry by that time.

Later he shifts his views. He accepts that his life and talents are part of God’s plan. He trusts in divine
timing and understands that his growth and achievements will come as planned by God. Thus, he
decides to follow the script of God and says that he would wait for the grace of his great Task Master
i.e., God. Hence, the poem is about the poet’s journey of self-doubt and discovery.
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2. THE TABLES TURNED

- William Wordsworth

ANNOTATIONS:
3. She has a world of ready wealth
1. Up! Up! My Friend, and clear your looks;
Our minds and hearts to bless.
Why all this toil and trouble?
4. Enough of Science and of Arts
2. Books! Tis a dull and endless strife,
Close up those barren leaves
Come, hear the woodland linnet.

QUESTIONS:
1. Why does Wordsworth consider Nature to be a good teacher?
2. Do you prefer to gain knowledge through books or become wise through experience of
Nature? Give reasons in support of your answer with reference to the poem “The Tables
Turned”

Ans: The poem ‘The Tables Turned’ is written by William Wordsworth. In this poem, the poet
says that wisdom gained from Nature is greater than knowledge gained from books.
Wordsworth considers nature to be the best teacher. He tells his friend that Nature teaches a man
more than books. Further he says that Mother Nature is full of wealth. Nature’s wisdom fills our
minds and hearts with health and joy. It teaches us humanity, goodness and evil better than a sage.
According to the poet, reading books is useless. A man can gain true wisdom in the lap of Nature.
He urges his friend to visit the woods and enjoy the song of birds. In the end, the poet asks his
friend to accept Nature as his teacher to attain real wisdom.

3. THE BUILDERS
- H.W. Longfellow

ANNOTATIONS:

1) All are architects of fate, 3) Let us do our work as well,

Working in these walls of time; Both the unseen and the seen
2) Time is with materials filled; 4) Thus alone can we attain
Our to-days and yesterdays To those turrets, where the eye
Are the blocks with which we build Sees the world as one vast plain
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QUESTIONS:
1. What is the appropriateness of the title ‘The Builders?’ Do you agree with the poet about building
one’s own life?
2. What is the central idea of the poem ‘The Builders?’

Ans: The poem, ‘The Builders’ is written by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. In this the poet
compares human beings to builders. The structure men build is their own future.
The poet says that we are the creators of our own future. The work we do each day forms a building
block of future. Every moment, action, and decision contribute to the foundation and structure of
our lives. For this reason the poet urges us not to be careless about unseen details. He encourages
us to make each moment meaningful. The poet suggests that the stronger we grow as a person the
less differences we see among ourselves.
The poem tells us to lead a purposeful life. It inspires us to build lives that are worth remembering.

4. ANY WOMAN
- Katharine Tynan

ANNOATATIONS:
1. Take me away, and roof and wall 3. I am the twist that holds together
Would fall to ruin me utterly. The children in its sacred ring.
2. Without me cold the hearthstone stands, 4. I am their wall against all danger,
Nor could the precious children thrive. Their door against the wind and snow.

QUESTIONS:
1. How does the poetess portray the bond between the mother and her children in the poem ‘Any
Woman’?
2. The poem ‘Any Woman’ is a celebration of the glory of womanhood. Illustrate.

Ans. The poem ‘Any Woman’ is written by Katherine Tynan. The poem honours the role of
woman, specially a mother, in holding a family together.
A woman is an important and responsible person in her family. She is like a pillar of the house. If
she is taken away, the entire family falls. As a mother she protects her children from all risks and
dangers. She protects them like a wall that protects us from strong winds. Without her, the house
becomes lifeless.
The poet portrays the woman as the heart and soul of a family. The poem is a tribute to the
sacrifices of women in domestic life.
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3. A CHALLENGE TO FATE

- Sarojini Naidu
ANNOTATIONS

1. For all the cruel folly you pursue 3. How will you daunt my free, far-journeying fancy,
I will not cry with suppliant hands to you. That rides upon the pinions of the rain?
2. Yea, you may smite my mouth to throbbing silence 4. Yet will I slake my individual sorrow
Pluck from my lips power of articulate words – At the deep source of Universal joy –

QUESTIONS

1. Why are people generally afraid of fate? How did Sarojini Naidu challenge such a fearful
fate?
2. What is the theme of the poem ‘A Challenge to Fate’? What is the life lesson we can
learn from the poem?
Ans: The poem ‘A Challenge to Fate’ is written by ‘Sarojini Naidu’. The poet questions fate
why it does not allow her to be happy. The poet challenges and warns fate not to meddle with
her life. Fate may try hard, but it cannot make the poet unhappy.
She rebels against fate by saying that,
 it may destroy her dreams,
 it may scare her by suppressing her
Still, the poet won’t submit herself to fate. The poet shows confidence in her inner strength
that she can overcome any suffering or pain.

NON-DETAILED TEXT

THE ADVENTURES OF TOM SAWYER

- Mark Twain
ESSAY QUESTION

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is written by Mark Twain.

Tom Sawyer is a playful boy who lives in a small town. He lives with his Aunt Polly. One day,
Tom and his friend Huck see a murder in the graveyard. They decide to keep it a secret. This leads
to a lot of problems.
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Tom and his friends run away to an island to become pirates. But they realize that everyone thinks
they are dead. Then they return home and surprise everyone. Tom saves Muff Potter by telling that
Injun Joe is the real murderer.

Tom and Huck go on an adventure to find hidden treasure. They find Joe in an old house. They
find that Joe hid his treasure in a secret place. Huck saves widow Douglas form Joe. Becky and
Tom get lost in caves. Tom gets to know that Joe hid his treasure in the caves.

The caves are locked after Tom and Becky come back. Joe is found dead in the caves. Tom and
Huck find the treasure in the caves and become rich.

Through his adventures, Tom learns valuable lessons about friendship, loyalty and bravery.
(Or)
Samuel Langhorne Clemens is an American writer, humourist and publisher.
PEN NAME: Mark Twain

TOM SAWYER:
The main character of the novel. Everything revolves around him. Tom is lovable
and irritating at the same time. He is a typical little boy who loves adventure. But
hates church, school, and work. Tom is
⮚ Mischievous: Skips school to go to swimming.
Makes his friends to paint the fence.
Bunks the school.
Goes to the graveyard with Huck at midnight.
⮚ Adventurous: Goes to Jackson Island with Huck and Joe.
Tries to lead a Pirates life.
Tom tells the truth that Injun Joe killed Dr. Robinson and
saves Muff Potter.
Tom and Huck try to find out the hidden treasure.
⮚ Responsible: Tom and Becky lost in McDougal’s cave.
He takes care of Becky.
Tom tells the truth that Injun Joe killed Dr. Robinson and
saves Muff Potter.
Tom finds a way out from the caves.
Tom tells Mr. Thatcher that Injun Joe is in the caves.
With the help of Tom, Widow Douglas adopts Huck.
Despite his mischief, Tom is good hearted and has an active moral code as well.
**************
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English II – Grammar
The following topics are chosen to ensure minimum pass marks for a slow learner. With a thorough
drilling of the following along with question and answers ensure a minimum pass mark to the
student.

Vocabulary:
If the root words are learnt, the student can easily answer the vocabulary question.
1. Alter = other/ to change 11. Form = shape
2. Anim = spirit, life 21. Phone = sound
12. Fort = strong
3. Anti- = against/opposite 22. Pre- = before
13. Graph = write
4. Anthrop = human 23. Rupt = burst/break
14. Inter = between
5. Arch = rule 24. Spect = see
15. Ject = throw
6. Circum = around/ring 25. Temo = related time
16. Labour =work
7. Cred- = believe 26. Voc = voice/call
17. Loqu- = talk
8. Chron = time 27. Vert = turn
18. Mono- = one
9. Dict = say 19. Morph = shape, form
10. Ego = I, self 20. Micro- = small
Comprehension passages:
Section B is important for scoring marks. All the comprehension passages in the textbook are
important. All the answers to the questions are in the passages. Make the students mark those
answers in the passage. But the questions related parts of speech, antonyms and synonyms, the
answers of which are not in the given matter, are to be reinforced. Such questions are listed out
here. Get the students memorize the following to secure maximum marks.
Non-detailed comprehension passages:
1. Antonym of witch – wizard
2. Noun form of terrified – terror
3. Noun form of courageous – courage
General comprehension passages:
1. Noun form of estimated – estimation.
1. Antonym of elation – depression, misery, sadness 2. Noun form of placidly – placidity
2. Antonym of endure – refuse, fight, dismiss 3. Noun form of aggressive - aggression
3. Antonym of external – internal, inherent, innate 4. Noun form of amend – amendment
4. Antonym of Convex – concave 5. Noun form Destructive – destruction
5. Antonym of fearless – fearful, timid, cowardly
6. Synonym of interpretation – analysis, explanation, illustration
7. Synonyms to puzzled – confused, perplexed, stunned
8. Synonym of surprised – perplexed, amazed, stunned, startled
9. Synonym of anticipation – expectation, prospect, apprehension
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Words from the passage:

1. Being the first occurrence or event – maiden 8. Pry mains try
2. Word for ‘to engage in a minor dispute’ – skirmishes 9. Provincial – small town
3. Adjective for ‘pertaining to or characteristic of a lion’ – 10. Convex antonym – concave
leonine 11. word for false belief – delusion
4. Expand IAS – Indian Administrative Service 12. To survive/ to depend – live off
5. Something considered sacred – sanctity 13. Rubbing shoulders – associate
6. Synonymous to careful/precise – meticulous with
7. That which cannot be seen – invisible
Advertisements:
1. Verb form of development – develop 1. Antonyms of claim – disclaim, reject, quit
2. Noun form of charitable – charity 2. Antonyms of independence – dependence
3. Noun form of tribal – tribe 3. Antonym of rural - Urban
4. Verb form of prohibition – prohibit 4. Antonym of still –
5. Verb form of apprehension – apprehend 5. Antonym of naturally – artificially
6. Noun form of assert – assertion 6. Synonyms of awareness – attention,
7. Noun form of fraudulent – fraud information, understanding
8. What is egret? A kind of bird 7. Synonym of disruption – interruption, break,
9. Rubbing shoulders mean – keep company separation
10. Pick out the word for encourage – abetment 8. Synonym to encourage – motivate, inspire
11. SMS – short message service 9. Synonym of alert from the ad – be ware
12. OTP stands for One time Password 10. Synonym of save - conservation
13. Synonymous to ‘corrupt/cheating’ –
fraudulent
14. Synonym of save - conservation
Non - verbal information:
a) Synonym of prompt – immediate, speedy, timely
b) What is hydroelectric power? Generating/producing electricity using water
c) What is a recipe? Instructions for cooking a dish
d) neighbouring countries that speak Sinhalese – Sri Lanka
e) Antonym of immigrant – emigrant
f) Longevity means – a long life
g) A person who poaches is called – poacher
h) What is scum? Layer of dirt

Note making
Note making can be easy in diagrams for slow learners. One mark is allotted for the
title/heading and so insist that heading is written.
(Note: Q.no. are not given in order to save space.)
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Q.3. Ans. Title - Tree Diagram on the types of Musical Instruments

Musical
Instructions

Wind Percurssion Stringed

Instruments Instruments Instruments

Wood wind Brass wind plucking the drawing a bow on

Eg. drums
instuments instruuments strings the strings

eg: the flute, the

eg. the trumphet, eg. the harp, the eg. the violin, the
clarinet, the
the horn guitar cello
bassoon

Q. 6. Ans. Title - Effect of the colour of the Uniform on a sports match.

1. British anthropologists – propose that the colour of the uniform affects the outcome of a
sports match.
2. Researcher studied 2004 Olympic competitions in boxing, tae-kwon-do, and wrestling
3. Red uniform teams had a slight advantage
4. They won a little more than half times.
5. Many scientists studied “the red effect”.
6. Red effect on players, opponents, referees and fans is not clear.
7. Until the effects are proved, all the teams pine their hopes on red.
Q. 11. Ans. Title - Brest Abscess
1. It is collection of puss in mammary gland in lactating woman.
2. Leads to acute mastitis if not treated promptly with antibiotics.
3. Occurs mostly in the first month after first delivery.
4. Initial symptoms: acute mastitis, fever and chills, extremely painful
5. Relief : paracetamol tablet
6. Treatment : surgical incision under anesthesia - drainage of the puss
7. Prevention: by clearing and drying breasts after each feed.
8. Less likely to occur: when emptied regularly
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5. Ans. Title - Health benefits of Yoga

yoga

Body Yoga
Mind Yoga
(breatning)

reduces stress improves helps sleep improves keeps heart improves

and anxiety concentration better stamina healthy balance

Types of Yoga

Traditional forms of Yoga Unusual modern forms of Yoga

1. Hatha yoga : 1. Laughter yoga
2. Vinyasa yoga 2. Aero Yoga
3. Bikram yoga (hot yoga) 3. Doga

Q. 12. Ans. Title - Edible Oils used in India

1. Uses of edible Oils:
• a source of energy
• adds a special flavour to food
• provides lubricating action to body-tissues.
2. Troubles: association with different human diseases and their adulteration leading to
health problems
3. Variety of cooking oils used across India:
• Groundnut oil – used in West coast and central India
• Mustard oil – used in Bengal, Bihar, Orissa in the East, and Kashmir in the
North
• Sesame oil - used in West coast and central India
• Coconut oil – used in in the South
• Sunflower oil , Safflower oil and Soya bean oil
4. Consumption:
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• Annual per capita consumption was about 6kgs in 1984 in India

• Lower than the world average of 11 kg
• 26 kg in developed countries
5. Daily intake – not to contribute more than 15% to 20% calories

9. Ans. Title - The Process of Study

the
process of
study

retrieval
perception comprehension retention

*comprehend the special efforts need to retrive all

*perceive selected material that is learnt at the
needed to retain
relevant time of examination
information to * no learning
your needs wihtout
comprehending
*decide on
important *comprehension is
areas imperative

Q. 15 Ans. Title - All about Rabies

 Disease transmission – by the bite of rabid animals like dogs
 Virus affects the central nervous system and the brain.
 Symptoms:
i. Take days to six months to appear.
ii. Thrust with revulsion for water.
iii. Difficulty in swallowing liquids.
 Painful death – following fever, paralysis and convulsions
 Q. 16. Ans. Title - The Two Forerunners of Modern man.
Sl.no The two forerunners of modern man
The Neanderthal men The Cro-Magnon men
1. Disappeared after a time. Evolved into modern man.
2. Large brain in large skull, massive jaw With prominent chin, high-bridged nose,
with front teeth small even teeth – could be mistaken
present day human being.
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3. Short, about one and a half meters in

height
4. Primitive eating habits, skilled hunter, Also skillful hunter, later cultivated crops
Women gathered wild fruit and raised animals.
5. Drawings of the tools he used and the First artist in the world, several cave
animals he hunted were crude paintings, created his daily life through art

Q. 13 Ans: Title - Tree Diagram on Chordates

chordates

higher chordates lower chordates (lack vertebre

(vertebrates) but resemble them )

reptiles (5 mammals (18

fishes amphibians birds
orders) orders)

marsupials
crocodilians
squamata eg. kangaroos

eg. eg. snakes, primates

crocodiles, lizards eg. man &
alligators monkeys

carnivores
eg. dogs, cats

Q. 20. Ans. Title - Grow More Trees

1. Benefits to soil:
 prevents erosion
 thick roots absorb large quantity of water
 reduce danger of flood by checking the water flow.
i) Benefits to other living beings:
 Home for wild animals
 Keeps the air clean
 Produce many kinds of timber
 Important not only to human beings but also to birds and animals
 Branches give shelter to birds
j) Grow more trees:
 Patronized by Indian Government
 Plant trees every year
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 Great significance in balancing the environment

 Grow more trees in and around our houses

Describing a Process: The student has to memorize only any ten of the following according
to his/her choice of question. The below points may be easy to learn for the students, but they
may also present the same in a paragraph. This question may be suggested to those who can
score more than 35.
1. Here’s a simple process to make tea for two people:
a. First fill a kettle with two cups of water and bring it to boil.
b. While boiling, add 2 teaspoons of tea powder.
c. Let the tea boil so the flavour develops.
d. Then add some milk and sugar as per taste. Turn off the stove.
e. Pour the tea through a strainer into the cups.
f. Stir and serve hot. Enjoy your tea!

2. Here’s a simple way to pay your electricity bill online:

a) First go to the official website of the Andhra Pradesh Electricity Board.
b) Log into your account.
c) Look for the option that says "Pay Bill".
d) Enter your electricity service number.
e) View your bill details and confirm the amount.
f) Select a payment method, like a credit card, debit card, net banking, or UPI.
g) Enter the required details, confirm, and complete the payment.
h) Download or save the receipt for future reference.

3. Here is a simple explanation of how Diwali is celebrated, step by step: (Some points may be
skipped to make it easier and any other festival may also be given)
a) People clean and decorate their homes to prepare for the festival.
b) Homes are decorated with colourful rangolis, lights, and diyas (oil lamps).
c) Families buy new clothes, gifts, and sweets for the celebration.
d) On Diwali evening, people perform a puja to honour Goddess Lakshmi, the goddess of
wealth and prosperity.
e) At dusk diyas are lit inside and outside the house to welcome positive energy and drive
away darkness.
f) Many people light firecrackers to celebrate the festival and bring joy.
g) Special meals and treats are enjoyed with family members.

4. An ideal daily routine

a) Waking up early, around 5:30 a.m.
b) Touch the feet of the parents and take their blessings.
c) After freshening up, a short session of yoga or exercise keeps healthy.
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d) Help parents if necessary.

e) Take breakfast, spend time reviewing lessons.
f) Actively participate in classes, ask questions, and engage in other activities.
g) After returning home, take a short break for snacks and relaxation.
h) Focusing on studies for 2-3 hours.
i) Dine with the family. Study till you go to bed.
j) Plan for the next day and go to bed by 10 p.m.
k) This routine balances academics, health, and personal growth.

5. The process of applying for a job:

1. Search for job vacancies on websites, newspapers.
2. Select the suitable job offers.
3. Prepare your resume carefully.
4. Give your personal details, education, skills, and experience.
5. Write a cover letter.
6. Explain why you want the job and why you are a good fit.
7. Send your resume and cover letter to the company by email or post.
8. Prepare for the interview.
9. Be organized and patient throughout the process.

6. Here’s how to make vegetable fried rice in simple steps:

1. First cook rice and let it cool completely. Keep it aside.
2. Meanwhile, cut carrots, beans, capsicum, and spring onions into small pieces.
3. Heat some oil in a large pan.
4. Add the chopped vegetables and stir-fry them on high heat for a few minutes.
5. Add ginger garlic paste, soy sauce, vinegar, salt, and pepper to the vegetables. Mix
well.
6. Add the cooked and cooled rice to the pan and gently mix everything together.
7. Let the rice cook with the vegetables for 2-3 minutes on medium heat.
8. Sprinkle chopped spring onions and coriander leaves on top and serve hot.

7. Here’s how to book a bus ticket to Tirupati on the APSRTC website:

1. First open the official APSRTC website on your computer or phone.
2. Then, enter your starting point, destination (Tirupati), travel date, and the number of
passengers.
3. Click the "Search Buses" button to see available buses.
4. Look at the options, pick a bus, and select your preferred seats.
5. Fill in your name, age, gender, and contact information.
6. Choose a payment method (credit card, debit card, net banking, or UPI) and pay for
the ticket.
7. After payment, download or save the ticket.
8. Carry your ticket and a valid ID when you travel.

8. Here’s how to make sprouts in simple steps:

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1. Take your grains (Bengalgram/moongbeans/chickpeas) and wash them well with clean
water.
2. Soak the washed grains in water overnight.
3. The next morning, drain the water completely.
4. Wrap the soaked grains in a clean, damp cloth.
5. Keep the cloth bundle in a warm place for 1-2 days.
6. After 1-2 days, small sprouts will appear on the grains. They are ready to eat!

9. Here’s how to withdraw money from an ATM :

1. Visit any nearby ATM with your ATM card or debit card.
2. Insert your card into the card slot of the ATM machine.
3. Choose your preferred language displayed on the screen.
4. Type your 4-digit PIN carefully and press "Enter."
5. Select the option "Cash Withdrawal."
6. Enter the amount you want to withdraw and confirm.
7. Wait for the machine to count and dispense your cash.
8. Take it immediately.
9. Remove your card and collect the receipt if needed.
10. Always check your cash and keep it safe before leaving the ATM.

10. Here’s how to create a Gmail account in simple steps:

1. Open your browser and go to www.gmail.com.
2. Click the option "Create Account".
3. Enter your first name, last name, and the username you want (like your email address).
4. Create a strong password and confirm it by typing it again.
5. Enter your mobile number for verification.
6. Google will send a code to your phone. Enter the code to verify.
7. Read and accept Google’s terms and conditions.
8. Click "Next" or "Finish" to complete the process.
9. Your Gmail account is now ready to use!

11. How to get a driving license :

1. You must be at least 18 years old to apply for a driving license.
2. Go to the RTO office. Fill out the learner’s license application form.
3. Provide proof of age, address, and a passport-size photo.
4. Appear for a basic road safety and traffic rules test.
5. If you pass, you’ll get a learner’s license.
6. Practice driving with your learner’s license.
7. Then take another driving test.
8. If you pass the test, you will get driving license.

12. Here is how red bricks are made in simple steps:

1. First, clay is collected from the ground.
2. The clay is cleaned and mixed with water to make it soft and easy to mold.
3. The wet clay is placed in brick moulds to form rectangular shapes.
4. The shaped bricks are left to dry in the sun for several days.
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5. They become firm and hard.

6. The dried bricks are then placed in a kiln (a large oven) to heat at high temperatures.
7. After several hours the bricks become red and strong.
6. The bricks are left to cool down slowly.
7. The red bricks are now ready to be used in construction.

13. How to get ready for college regularly:

1. Start your day early. You have enough time to get ready.
2. Freshen up and wear your college uniform.
3. Eat a healthy breakfast to give you energy
4. Pack your lunch and college bag.
5. Look at your timetable to know which classes you have that day.
8. Leave your home on time so you can reach college in time.
9. This routine helps you stay organized.

14. How to cast your vote in elections :

1. Check Your Name on the Voter List in your area before the election.
2. On Election Day, go to the polling booth assigned to you.
3. Show your voter ID card to the election officials at the booth. They will verify it.
4. Once verified, you will be directed to the Electronic Voting Machine (EVM).
5. Vote secretly in the EVM.
6. Press the button next to the name of the candidate you want to vote for.
6. Your vote will be automatically registered.
7. After voting, your finger will be marked with indelible ink.
8. Your vote is now cast.

Letter writing: format – appropriate format - 1 ½ mark

Teach them the blocked format in both formal and informal letters.
Dialogue writing: Of the six questions given in the text book two dialogues of informal, one
is with strangers and three are formal.
a) proper opening and proper closing
b) appropriateness of the dialogue
For a formal dialogue: opening -Good morning sir/madam.
Very good morning.
Closing – Thank you, good bye sir/madam.
Good bye.
Informal dialogue: opening- Hi/ hello
Hi/hello
Closing: bye/ see you
see you later/catch you later
At shop: opening- Excuse me!
How may I help you?
Closing- Ok. Thank you.
It’s my pleasure/No mention.
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Curriculum Vitae: Objective: -------

Ten point answer Name : ------

Father’s name : ------
1. Objective /Job applied for – 1 mark DOB & Age : ------
2. Name Adress : Do.no.,
3. Father’s name : street name, village,
4. Age and date of birth : mandal/town, dist.
5. Address: with contact number and mail id Educational Qulification:
6. Educational qualification in a table form
Course College Year of study Pass %
7. Technical qualifications
--- --- --- ---
8. Strengths --- ---- --- ---
9. Hobbies
10. Languages known Technical qualification : -----
11. Experience (if asked) Strengths : -----
12. Salary expected (if asked) Hobbies : -----
Languages known : ------
Word Stress: Teach the students the words with stress Experience : -----
on the first syllable. The rest should be understand as Salary expected : ------
having the stress on second syllable and very few times Place: ----- signature
on the third syllable. Date: ------- ----------
• Easy rules like ‘-ion’ rule may be taught. Most of
the words that end with ‘-ion’ take stress on the penultimate syllable (second from the last).
• Usually, nouns and adjectives take stress on the first syllable.
List of words (from the text) with stress on the first syllable:
1 ‘adverse ‘aeroplane ‘sojourner ‘character ‘cinema ‘college ‘comment ‘conscious
2 ‘country ‘dictionary ‘dangerous ‘dialogue ‘dais ‘expert ‘failure ‘genuine
3 ‘grammar ‘everybody ‘government ‘holiday ‘library ‘minister ‘literature ‘kilometre
4 ‘question ‘strategy ‘parliament ‘nation ‘petrol ‘signal ‘student ‘sportsman
5 ‘theatre ‘tourism ‘television ‘trophy ‘study ‘study ‘welcome ‘architect
6 ‘agony ‘preacher ‘prevalent ‘structure ‘ruin ‘reflex ‘comrade ‘woodland
7 ‘calendar ‘pageant ‘laughter ‘conflict ‘always ‘tempest ‘keystone ‘splendour
8 ‘ornament ‘impulse ‘amputated ‘subtle ‘energy ‘English ‘comment ‘everybody
9 ‘natural ‘modern ‘farm fresh ‘misery ‘doctor ‘sorry ‘industry ‘programme
10 ‘builder ‘business ‘Cresco graph ‘suffering ‘artist ‘water ‘popular ‘demonstrated
11 ‘lawyer ‘journey ‘sea sick ‘common ‘article ‘beauty ‘children ‘hydropower
12 ‘spirit ‘manners ‘roadside ‘irksome ‘answer ‘novel ‘danger ‘possible
13 ‘father ‘happen ‘masterpiece ‘bus stop ‘leader ‘evening ‘fig leaves ‘call centre

Filling in the forms: The students have to be given thorough practice with all the bank forms.