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Guava

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Chidananda Parija
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14 views

Guava

Uploaded by

Chidananda Parija
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Guava

Wilt : Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. psidi

❖ Symptoms:
• The affected plants show yellow colouration with slight leaf curling at the terminal branches, becoming reddish at the later stage and subsequently
premature shedding of leaves takes place.
• Twigs become bare and fail to bring forth new leaves or flowers and eventually dry up. Fruits of all the affected branches remain underdeveloped,
become hard, black and stony.
• The entire plant becomes defoliated and dies. A few plants also show partial wilting, which is very common symptom of wilt in guava.
• The finer roots show black streaks which become prominent on removing the bark. The roots also show rotting at the basal region and the bark is
easily detachable from the cortex.
• The cortical regions of the stem and root show distinct discolouration and damage. Light brown discoloration is noticed in vascular bundles. Bark
splitting can be seen in wilted plants in later stages.
• The disease can be categorized into slow wilt and sudden wilt. In slow wilt, plant takes several months or even a year, to wilt after the appearance of
initial symptoms and in sudden wilt, infected plant wilts in 15 days to one month.
❖ Favourable conditions:
• pH 6.0 is optimum for disease development. Both pH 4.0 and 8.0 reduces the disease
• Warm soil temperatures (28–32°C) enhance fungal growth and infection.
• Sandy or loamy soils with poor organic matter content and low fertility provide favorable conditions.
• High soil moisture or waterlogging facilitates the movement of fungal spores in the soil, increasing root infection.

❖ Mode of spread Survives as saprophytes and chlamydospores which remain dormant for several years.

❖ Management:

• Proper sanitation of orchard.


• Wilted plants should be uprooted, burnt and a trench of 1.0-1.5m should be dug around the tree tunk.
• Treat the pits with formalin and cover the pit for three days and then transplant the seedlings after two weeks.
• Intercropping with turmeric or marigld.
• Soil solariztion with transparent polythene sheet during summer months.
• Stem injection with 0.1% water soluble 8-Quinolinol sulphate
• Drench with 0.2% Benomyl or Carbendazim, four times in a year and spray twice with Measystox and Zinc sulphate.
Anthracnose of Guava: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

❖ Symptoms:
On Fruits:
Circular, sunken, dark brown to black spots appear on infected fruits.
The spots may coalesce, covering large areas and causing premature fruit drop.
Severely infected fruits become shriveled and mummified.
On Leaves:
Small, irregular, necrotic spots with a yellow halo may develop.
Severe infections can lead to leaf drop.
❖ Etiology
• The pathogen produces conidia that are hyaline, unicellular, and cylindrical to fusiform.
• Acervuli, often with setae, are formed on infected plant tissue.

❖ Favorable Weather Conditions:


• Warm and humid conditions are highly conducive for disease development.
• High relative humidity (>85%) and temperatures between 25–30°C favor fungal sporulation and infection.
• Prolonged wet conditions due to rain or dew enhance the spread of the disease.

❖ Survival and spread:


• The pathogen survives in infected plant debris, mummified fruits, and other crop residues.
• The disease spreads through wind-driven rain, irrigation water, and contaminated tools.

❖ Management:
Remove and destroy infected plant debris and mummified fruits to reduce inoculum.
Avoid overhead irrigation to minimize leaf wetness.
Spray fungicides such as carbendazim (0.1%) or copper oxychloride (0.3%) at regular intervals, especially during wet conditions.

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