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Physics project

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Piyush Kadam
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4 views

Physics project

Uploaded by

Piyush Kadam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INDEX

INTRODUCTION

AIM

APPARATUS

THEORY

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDURE

OVSERVATIONS

RESULT

PRECAUTION

SOURCES OF ERROR

BIBLOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION~
Self-inductance is the tendency of a wire or
circuit to induce a voltage in itself when the
current flowing through it changes
 Explanation
When the current in a coil changes, it creates a
magnetic field around the coil that increases and
decreases. This changing magnetic field cuts
across the neighbouring loops of wire, inducing a
voltage in them.
 SI unit
The SI unit of inductance is Henry, denoted by L.
 Application
Self-inductance is used in many devices,
including traffic lights, sensors, transformers,
induction motors, and chokes.

AIM~
To study the factor on which the self-inductance
of a coil depends by observing the effect of this
coil, when put in series with a resistor(bulb) in a
circuit fed up by an A.C. source of adjustable
frequency

APPARATUS~
 Enamelled copper wire
 Carbon resistor
 Oscillator with low output impedance
 Digital multimeter
 Cardboard
 Wooden board with terminal
 Graph paper
 Soft iron rod

THEORY~
Self-inductance is the property of a coil which
opposes the change in current through it.
The self- inductance of a coil (long solenoid) is-

2
μ0 μ r N A
L=
l

Where μ ,is relative permeability of the core


r

material
μ
μr =
μ0

N is the total number of turns in coil


A is the area of cross-section of coil
l is the length of coil
Hence, the self-inductance depends upon:
I. No. of turns (N) in the coil
L∝N

II. Geometry of coil


1
L ∝ A , L∝
l
III. Nature of material
L∝μ

When an inductor is connected in series with a


resistor (bulb) with a variable source of
frequency, then current flowing in the bulb is
E rms
I rms =
Z

Where Z=√ R 2+ ω2 L2 = Impedance of the A.C. circuit.


Here,
R = resistance of the bulb
L = self-inductance of the coil
ω = 2 πf = angular frequency of A.C. source

The brightness of bulb i.e. heat generated in the


bulb is
2
H=I rms Zt

H 2
P= =I rms Z
t
2 2 2
P=I rms V R +ω L

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM~
PROCEDURE~
1.Make all connections as shown in the circuit
diagram.
2.Switch on the A.C. supply & adjust the
current in the circuit by using the variable
resistor (Rh).
3.Record the current in A.C. ammeter & see the
brightness of bulb.
4.Now, put the soft iron rod inside the
conductor core & record the current in A.C
ammeter & again check the brightness of
bulb. The current & brightness both
decreases.
5.Now, switch off the supply & decrease the
frequency of A.C. source (says 50Hz)
6.Again switch on the supply & adjust the
current in circuit at same constant voltage 6V
by using the rheostat. Note the current in
ammeter & brightness of bulb. The current &
brightness both will increase.
7.Again insert the iron rod in the core of coil &
note the current & brightness. The current &
brightness both decreases.
8.Repeat the steps 5, 6 and 7 for different
frequency of A.C. source.

OBSERVATIONS~
1.Least count of ammeter = 0.05A
2.Zero error of ammeter = 0A

S.N Frequency Current in Current in


o of applied ammeter ammeter
voltage(Hz without with iron
) iron rod in rod in
coil(A) coil(A)
1. 60 2 1.8
2. 50 2.5 2.3
3. 40 2.9 2.6
4. 30 3.4 3.25
5. 20 4.1 4

RESULT~
1.The current in the circuit decreases on
inserting the iron rod in the core of coil at
constant frequency of applied voltage
&brightness of bulb decreases & vice-versa.
2.The current in the circuit increases on
decreasing the frequency of applied voltage &
vice-versa. Therefore, the brightness of bulb
increases
3.Hence self-inductance of a coil depends on the
following:
(i)No. of turns in the coil
(ii)Shape and size of the coil
(iii)Permeability of the core material

PRECAUTIONS~
1.The coil should have large number of turns.
2.Current should be passed for a small time to
avoid the heating effect.
3.There should not be parallax in taking the
reading of ammeter
4.The project should be performed at low
voltages
SOURCES OF ERROR~
1.The resistance of circuit may increase slightly
due to heating effect of current.
2.There may be eddy current in soft iron coil.
3.Energy losses in various parts of the circuit

BIBLIOGRAPHY~

 www.wikipedia.com

 www.google.com

 NCERT Class 12th Physics

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