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Redox Titration

Chemistry

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2 views3 pages

Redox Titration

Chemistry

Uploaded by

thabisoraymondndoma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Redox titration, or oxidation-reduction titration, is a quantitative analytical

method used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution by


reacting it with a solution of known concentration. This method is based on
the transfer of electrons between the oxidizing agent and the reducing
agent. Below is a comprehensive overview of redox titration, including
preparation, procedure, and calculations.

1. Understanding Redox Reactions

Oxidation: The loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state.

Reduction: The gain of electrons or a decrease in oxidation state.

Oxidizing Agent: A substance that gains electrons and is reduced.

Reducing Agent: A substance that loses electrons and is oxidized.

2. Common Redox Titrations

Permanganate Titration: Often used to determine the concentration of


reducing agents (e.g., iron(II) ions, oxalic acid) using potassium
permanganate (KMnO₄) as the titrant.

Iodine Titration: Used to determine the concentration of oxidizing agents


(e.g., ascorbic acid) using iodine (I₂) as the titrant.

3. Preparing Solutions for Redox Titration

Example 1: Preparing a 0.020 M KMnO₄ Solution

Desired Concentration: 0.020 M

Volume: 1 L

Molar Mass of KMnO₄: 158.04 g/mol

Calculation: [ \text{Mass} = 0.020 , \text{mol/L} \times 158.04 ,


\text{g/mol} \times 1 , \text{L} = 3.1608 , \text{g} ]

Procedure:

Weigh 3.1608 g of KMnO₄.

Dissolve in distilled water in a volumetric flask to a final volume of 1 L.


Example 2: Preparing a 0.100 M Iron(II) Sulfate Solution

Desired Concentration: 0.100 M

Volume: 250 mL

Molar Mass of FeSO₄·7H₂O: 278.02 g/mol

Calculation: [ \text{Mass} = 0.100 , \text{mol/L} \times 278.02 ,


\text{g/mol} \times 0.250 , \text{L} = 6.9505 , \text{g} ]

Procedure:

Weigh 6.9505 g of FeSO₄·7H₂O.

Dissolve in distilled water in a volumetric flask to a final volume of 250 mL.

4. Performing the Redox Titration

Setup

Apparatus: Burette, pipette, conical flask, and a white tile (to observe color
changes).

Indicator: Depending on the titration, you may need an indicator. For


permanganate titrations, KMnO₄ itself acts as an indicator because it
changes color from purple to colorless when reduced.

Procedure

Pipette a known volume of the analyte solution (e.g., Fe²⁺ solution) into a
conical flask.

Add a few drops of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) to provide an acidic medium, which
is necessary for the reaction.

Fill the burette with the titrant solution (e.g., KMnO₄).

Titrate by slowly adding the titrant to the analyte while continuously swirling
the flask.

End Point: The endpoint is reached when a persistent color change occurs
(e.g., the solution turns light pink due to excess KMnO₄).

5. Calculating Concentration
To calculate the concentration of the unknown solution, use the
stoichiometry of the redox reaction.

Example Reaction

For the reaction between KMnO₄ and Fe²⁺ in acidic medium: [ \


text{MnO}_4^- + 5\text{Fe}^{2+} + 8\text{H}^+ \rightarrow \
text{Mn}^{2+} + 5\text{Fe}^{3+} + 4\text{H}_2\text{O} ]

From the balanced equation, 1 mole of KMnO₄ reacts with 5 moles of Fe²⁺.

Calculation Steps

Determine moles of KMnO₄ used:

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