Sustainable Operations and Computers 3 (2022) 203–217

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Sustainable Operations and Computers

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Understanding the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies in improving

environmental sustainability
Mohd Javaid a,∗, Abid Haleem a, Ravi Pratap Singh b, Rajiv Suman c,
Ernesto Santibañez Gonzalez d
a
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
b
Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
c
Department of Industrial & Production Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
d
Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Talca, Curicó, Chile

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Keywords: Industry 4.0 technologies provide critical perspectives for future innovation and business growth. Technologies
Industry 4.0 like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Big data, Machine Learning (ML), and other advanced
Applications upcoming technologies are being used to implement Industry 4.0. This paper explores how Industry 4.0 technolo-
Dimensions
gies help create a sustainable environment in manufacturing and other industries. Industry 4.0 technologies and
Environment
the crucial interrelationships through advanced technologies should impact the environment positively. In the
Sustainability
Technologies age of Industry 4.0, manufacturing is tightly interlinked with information and communication systems, making
it more scalable, competitive, and knowledgeable. Industry 4.0 provides a range of principles, instructions, and
technology for constructing new and existing factories, enabling consumers to choose different models at pro-
duction rates with scalable robotics, information, and communications technology. This paper aims to study the
significant benefits of Industry 4.0 for sustainable manufacturing and identifies tools and elements of Industry
4.0 for developing environmental sustainability. This literature review-based research is undertaken to identify
how Industry 4.0 technologies can help to improve environmental sustainability. It also details the capabilities
of Industry 4.0 in dealing with environmental aspects. Twenty major applications of Industry 4.0 to create a
sustainable environment are identified and discussed. Thus, it gives a better understanding of the production
environment, the supply chains, the delivery chains, and market results. Overall, Industry 4.0 technology seems
environmentally sustainable while manufacturing goods with better efficiency and reducing resource consump-
tion.

1. Introduction harmful consequences. Industry 4.0 technology enables the manufac-

turing lines, business processes and teams to collaborate regardless of
Industry 4.0 paves the way for a social and technological transfor- location, time zone, network and any other aspect. It is quicker to scale
mation that would dramatically transform the whole of the global land- output up or down in a smart factory. This result in higher revenues for
scape. The information is integrated into the component and can be a production facility. The cloud and Big data will ensure that the IoT
managed, for instance, ordering missing parts and setting the individ- and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices link the user experience
ual production parameters. At the same time, clients are kept updated and create super lean manufacturing. Cloud storage is highly efficient
about the latest production situation. When the plant starts operation, and feature-rich, as well as flexible, up-to-date, and stable. Cloud also
more data are generated. The accurate output and the actual product provides a popular forum for connecting goods to the company across
performance data can be gathered, analysed and retrieved into develop- international borders, and it is well-suited to handle IoT-generated big
ment. Here, Industry 4.0 technologies enhance and optimise new tech- data [4–6].
nologies and processes [1–3]. Adopting socially responsible and environmentally sustainable ac-
Today, companies and non-profit organisations worldwide spend a tivities must require manufacturing, which provides positive large-scale
lot of time, money, and energy developing new ways to fight the past’s impacts on global health. If peoples’ sustainability focuses on solving
business problems, it can contribute to significant financial and environ-

∗
Corresponding author.
E-mail addresses: [email protected] (M. Javaid), [email protected] (A. Haleem), [email protected] (R.P. Singh), [email protected] (R. Suman),
[email protected] (E.S. Gonzalez).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susoc.2022.01.008
Received 16 May 2021; Received in revised form 9 September 2021; Accepted 24 January 2022
Available online 26 January 2022
2666-4127/© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
M. Javaid, A. Haleem, R.P. Singh et al. Sustainable Operations and Computers 3 (2022) 203–217

mental impact. Using sustainable development as a founding philosophy putting growing pressure on companies to consider their environmen-
would revolutionise how companies work instead of an afterthought. To tal impacts and respond to them. Climate change affects what we make
identify suitable solutions for environmental issues such as waste con- and how we market it. It delivers a positive triple bottom line. Today’s
trol, resource optimisation, carbon neutrality and water, technologies sustainable business must effectively cover social, financial, and prof-
such as AI and Machine learning (ML) can be used [7–10]. itability targets. The most promising aspect of Industry 4.0 has been
A sustainable mindset builds a constructive feedback loop that will the convergence of virtual and physical worlds [23,24]. It has sparked
lead to more and more individuals and organisations. A general change interest in business and academia. Exciting new market entrants, faster
in attitudes would probably reflect the relaxation of regulations and newer product concept launches, and more engaging user interfaces can
current legislation to promote sustainable growth. Industry 4.0 con- help manufacturers create a sustainable environment. Industry 4.0 can
nects machines, sensors, and other appliances to people responsible derive critical knowledge from product and user experience relations to
for monitoring the process for production and efficiency through wire- develop environmentally friendly products. Industry 4.0 will continue
less networking technologies and IoT capabilities. These technologies to inspire creativity for many years; there is still so much established
openness gives operators extensive knowledge necessary for appro- technology available. Industry 4.0 has brought together many of the
priate decisions. It improves connectivity, enabling operators in any innovations that we need to run our company and created a growing
part of the production chain to gather big data and expertise to as- forum that will help us to expand and evolve. Digital data is combined
sist development and recognise crucial areas for creativity and change with intellectual property in the management of the company’s sustain-
[11–13]. able product details. To drive manufacturers, production, and service
The comparative advantage of developing countries in low-skilled, networks, all that makes special is contained within a single version of
low-cost manufacturing is threatened by the rising automation of repeti- the reality [25–27].
tive poorly-skilled activities. Innovations require higher-level expertise,
increase manufacturing capital intensity, raise the value of innovation
ecosystems and make it attractive for producers to have good digital
technology and readiness. The infrastructure in today’s hubs increases 1.2. Significant benefits of industry 4.0
efficiency and partially compensates for increasing incomes; it also re-
duces the capital costs and slows down the need for export overseas to Manufacturers have implemented their plans on Industry 4.0 inno-
lower-salary countries. Indeed, new developments in industrial demand vations that are now ahead of their competition. They can step into
have returned to some industrialised economies. Other considerations, the subsequent manufacturing and delivery era with modular, effective
such as market proximity, skilled work provision and environment syn- automation optimised by data-driven input, offering complete control
ergies, play an essential role. The technologies of Industry 4.0 and green oversupply and material flow. The advantages of Industry 4.0 include
manufacturing go hand in hand and guide the production talks. In the enhanced competitiveness and performance, improved versatility and
meantime, environmental costs and long-term growth are now consid- resilience, and increased profitability. Industry 4.0 would also boost
ered [14–17]. consumer service. Smart Factory technology is fascinating and thrilling;
The advancement of a sustainable attitude involves collectively in- the advantages of Industry 4.0 should still be key to every conversa-
forming, innovating, and developing environmentally friendly, cost- tion. This encompasses technology that enhances robotics, machine-
effective, and people-based practices. If we want to save the world and to-machine connectivity, over-the-counter manufacturing and decision-
aspire for a sustainable future, we must act now and do our part because making. The technologies of Industry 4.0 enable the manufacturer to
of the seriousness of the imminent climate crisis. Industry 4.0 combines achieve better, efficient products. In other terms, this can generate more
developments in emerging technology, advances in robots and artificial and quicker while making the capital more cost-effective and reliable
intelligence, advanced sensors, cloud computing, the IoT, mobile en- [28,29].
forcement and many other applications. Production methods and pro- These innovations make it possible to democratise data, provide in-
cedures have advanced for decades and allowed companies to increase sights at a broader level, and incorporate Industry 4.0 and its software.
production, efficiency and output [18,19]. Industry 4.0 vision will render the devices interconnected and create
Problems of reliability with the machine’s connectivity can be a connection beyond the manufacturing plant walls. Data has become
reached entirely by Industry 4.0 by increasing efficiency and stability a modern asset for several businesses. Huge volumes of data from sen-
standards. Information Technology (IT) safety issues are being taken sors and equipment have enormous importance, which is well organ-
into the fold much more urgently. In the meantime, career preparation ised. Right now, in the factories, there is a desire to upgrade creativ-
could be aimed at maintaining and supervising cyber networks, an en- ity rather than replacing it. Investment in capacity building and culture
vironment in which demand for technical employees would probably transformation is the most significant action. Upskilling in analytics and
grow. New ways of human/computer interaction will eventually emerge emerging technology would train the workforce for a changing world
in anticipation of the next revolution. Cyber networks and cognitive and make them primed for further learning while keeping them rele-
computing will also contribute to greater output consistency since tech- vant [30,31].
nology reduces the human error component from the production line It is also vital to exploit these innovations through its entire value
tasks. This transition could lead to more reliable product lines for manu- chain and outward penetration into inter-organisational supply chain
facturers in the industry [20–22]. Various research papers are published networks. It would be an efficient use of AI and machine learning from
on Industry 4.0, but this paper aims to discuss the benefits of Industry real-time data collected around the supply chain while offering smart
4.0 for sustainable manufacturing. For carried out this study, relevant insights to better decisions. All this is not feasible without a strong net-
research papers are undertaken and identified the significant applica- work of partners, such as start-ups and tech companies, that will cre-
tions for a sustainable environment. ate easy-to-access and inexpensive technologies to make this revolution
possible. Moreover, academia will undertake research and development
1.1. Need for the study to advance technologies further. Industry 4.0-enabled manufacturing
can monitor, track and track raw materials and process work through
Industry 4.0 technologies empower to connect all stakeholders, in different manufacturing processes to efficient and accurate outbound
addition to raw material and products, into a resource for sustainabil- shipment. Using a mix of robotics and sensors, manufacturers will have
ity and future growth. There is a requirement to study the capabilities complete control over their plants’ content and data flow. This regula-
of Industry 4.0 technologies in sustainable environmental aspects. In- tion level is crucial for consistency and productivity in the digital world,
vestors, customers, the media, regulators, and other stakeholders are where consumer needs and the working climate rapidly evolve [32–34].

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1.3. Requirements of industry 4.0 for developing a sustainable environment of creating innovative business models, renewable energy production
and energy supply plans as prices decrease and technology grows expo-
A policy must be developed that allows companies to take up In- nentially [48–50].
dustry 4.0 correctly. Continuous retraining and upgrading are critical
because technology development and automation remove many work- 1.5. Research objectives
ers and create new ones. Industry 4.0 can perform across markets and
regions differently. Thus, a ‘transformative’ industrial policy would be Industry 4.0 is genuinely transformative, and its primary goals are
required to tie them together with new digital technology. It would en- to drive organisations to achieve the required success parameters. The
tail an entirely new range of expertise focused on greater versatility and most common strategic goals for implementing Industry 4.0 technolo-
the use of information and process visibility in real-time. The line con- gies are increasing efficiency, improving customer service, automat-
figurations may have to be changed for a particular product, execution, ing development, and integrating manufacturing and supply chains. Al-
and the operator. This may need to step away to replenish the line and though the changes in Industry 4.0 are likely to be far-reaching and
be trained on another process according to the daily needs, repairs, or widespread, many readers will believe that the trend is evolving. Sev-
adjustments required. With the growth of industry 4.0, factories in the eral research objectives are being fulfilled in this paper, which helps to
continents experience transition. The basis for revisiting almost every take the challenges of Industry 4.0 for developing a sustainable environ-
part of traditional industry, from production lines to factory floors to ment. The primary research objectives of this paper are as under:
supply chains, are new technical possibilities and data resources [35– Research Question 1: To study significant benefits of Industry 4.0
38]. for sustainable manufacturing
The IoT is essential for every initiative of Industry 4.0, as well as in- Research Question 2: To identify tools and elements of Industry 4.0
dustrial IoT technology. The entire philosophy of Industry 4.0, includ- for developing environmental sustainability
ing robots in a production factory, sensor dispensers in a greenhouse, Research Question 3: To study Industry 4.0 processes towards En-
and systems in the hospital, includes data collections from all kinds of vironmental Sustainability
devices and sensors. IoT aims to collect data. Running these AI/ML ap- Research Question 4: To study major developments through Indus-
plications needs a great many businesses. The physical systems respond, try 4.0 to create a sustainable environment
use software to analyse actions and track outcomes. Computers and net- Research Question 5: To identify and study Industry 4.0 applica-
works monitor and coordinate physical processes using Feedback loops. tions for developing a sustainable environment
The concept focuses on embedding machines and applications into de-
vices where computing is not the first use but is an operation and ma- 1.6. Research method used to write this paper
chine learning loop. Industry 4.0 matters as its related applications help
almost every production company, from small to medium-sized compa- This literature-based review is carried out by reading many related
nies to major companies, under every motto and corporate language. papers, blogs, and books on industry 4.0, sustainability, the environ-
Organisations who have taken up and incorporated components of In- ment, and other related topics. Then, the authors made a critical assess-
dustry 4.0 into their companies have prospered [39–41]. ment of these works about the research problem under consideration.
This literature review provides a detailed status on studying the specific
1.4. Industry 4.0 for sustainable manufacturing subject. This paper typically follows an organisational pattern and incor-
porates conceptual categories regarding Industry 4.0 for sustainability.
A trending theme in Sustainable Manufacturing has made phenom- Almost 218 research papers are identified and studied to carry out to
enal progress in the last many years. Sustainable manufacturing seeks write this paper. The research area is new & upcoming, and to conduct
to integrate into the industrial sector the fundamental values of sus- empirical or tool-based research would not have been representative of
tainable development. It contributes to increased environmental, so- the future path.
cial, and economic efficiency. Industry 4.0 is a philosophy of socio- The purpose of a literature review-based study is to have a deeper
technology that includes the interaction of technological, social, and understanding of the research issues under consideration. We have also
organisational aspects by incorporating digitalisation technologies, big tried to explain how the work relating to these technologies provides
data, Cyber-Physical Structures, virtual reality and cloud computing. In- novel approaches to interpreting previous studies. Here, reviewing, cri-
dustry 4.0 possesses enormous potential for Sustainable Manufacturing tiquing, and synthesising representative literature on a topic generates
to allow greater productivity by improving procedures, reducing lead new structures and perspectives on the subject in an integrated manner.
times and improving corporate efficiency. The production sector re- This literature review-based paper provides details on how these In-
mains confronted with several obstacles and threats [42–45]. dustry 4.0 capabilities in the environmental aspect. Previous literature
Big data, analysis, and deep learning seem to look anonymous, and reviews studies regarding this area are sufficient, but some lack some
there are significant shifts in most of our day-to-day technology. Some of broad reviews. This paper summarises various published articles in re-
these improvements have been made more regular and efficient to com- puted journals and endeavours to gain new information in a technical con-
municate with machines and knowledge. Technology has been accepted text. Basic, applied, analytical, qualitative, quantitative, and other types of
more and more by all-important industries in recent years, and there is research are briefly discussed.
no exception in the energy industry. The substitution of paperwork by
digital electronic devices is no longer the sole concern of technology ad- 1.7. Some study on industry 4.0 for a sustainable environment
vancement. The next move is the reinvention of how businesses operate,
communicate and collaborate with their clients [46,47]. Today’s industries are placing a greater focus on improving their
Industry 4.0 is an established concept that includes sustainable au- sustainability efficiency. Apart from industries’ requirements, there is
tomation and data in an intelligent factory environment to optimise de- an increasing reaction to various regulations, and sometimes, the exec-
mand and increase flexibility and performance. The sustainable digital utive board demands to adapt to more environmentally friendly oper-
transformation entails these developments in the construction of smart ations. We also see that many employees are passionate about greener
grids, green energy management and distributed output. Around the production. So, Industry 4.0 technologies are introduced to create a sus-
same time, hardware suppliers and software development firms have tainable environment platform. Many businesses are now focusing their
gained expertise in creating and integrating corporate applications for energies on balancing sustainability targets, considering people, the cli-
big business processes, focusing on internal dependability and environ- mate, and the profit. Industry 4.0 is changing the game, undermining
mentally sound protection. Digitisation offers businesses the possibility the long-standing status quo and providing the expertise and guidance

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Fig. 1. Creating environmental sustainability through dimensions of Industry 4.0.

required to enhance sustainability efficiency, especially at the manufac- ther gives an edge towards sustainable environment development [51–
turing level [2,5,7]. 53].
Digital technologies have, in reality, been assisting companies with A healthy society utilises its human, environmental and financial
sustainability success for decades, with an emphasis on energy con- resources to address existing needs and ensure enough future genera-
servation, emissions reduction, and value chain optimisation. Renewed tions resources. Industry 4.0 brought progress and made much of the
strategies must be focused on market and value chains, and better vis- work in factories and manufacturing facilities in smart machinery and
ibility and analysis are needed to achieve success. With the abundance other technical equipment. This moment encourages us to think about
of IoT technologies available today, businesses need to find a solution the role and value of people in the workplace. Additive manufacturing
to provide particular emissions or wastes associated with various pro- has been creating significant development for many years. There have
cess choices. Many companies are now using a range of digital resources been innovations available for a long time, and implementations were
to reduce their energy usage and production waste. On the other hand, often limited to prototyping. In recent years, a new wave of innovation
businesses have historically calculated performance in dollars or other and application has arisen, expanding beyond engineering and design
local currencies [10,13]. Today’s performance criteria are shifting to- into small and medium-scale manufacturing. Manufacturers have made
ward reducing pollution and improving efficiency metrics that modern it clear that they expect many technologies and solutions to be open
technology can offer. This digital revolution is reshaping the opportuni- source as the Industrial Internet of Things continues to spread across
ties for Industry 4.0, which offer sustainability. It provides the develop- the global manufacturing industry [54–57]. With the successful imple-
ment of more remote socioenvironmental sustainability functions like mentation of Industry 4.0 technologies, there is a reduction of waste,
energy harmful emission reduction, sustainability, and social welfare time, energy and helps to create a smart production system.
improvement [2]. It is also important to remember that plastic packaging is essential
in some areas, such as pharmaceutical and medical. The technology of
Industry 4.0, such as robotics and modular electronics, has contributed
2. Various industry 4.0 dimensions helping towards developing to plastic manufacturing processes that mitigate water use and imme-
environmental sustainability diate wastewater washing, significantly reducing the effects on water
systems of plastics. Computer simulated realities can enhance manage-
Fig. 1 reflects the numerous key dimensions of the Industry 4.0 phi- ment practices in the industry. The management of resources, such as
losophy for developing an overall sustainable environment. The major tools and work through various immersion technologies, becomes more
Industry 4.0 dimensions for sustainability are energy, material, natural straightforward. Increased reality helps the industry to maintain its in-
resources, waste & emissions, amongst others. These dimensions are fur- ventory effectively. A worker will find a component needed in a big
ther being sub-categorised as; the utility of land, water, and recyclability warehouse with a smartphone. Argument reality will also navigate to
in case of resources; loss rate, utilisation in case of energy section; scrap take the shortest path to a component in another part of the industry to
rate, the method employed, and smart processes in case of materials; transport it. This would also increase employees’ efficiency and help to
and hazardous level, ozone depletion and greenhouse impacts in case of obey complicated procedures. A sustainable society has many individ-
waste & emissions. The proper following-up with these dimensions fur- ual interests taken into consideration and addressed them effectively.

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It is an effective area and security for various cultures and viewpoints, Digital platforms and services provide banks with opportunities to
where every industry has its decision-making table [58–61]. simplify their processes, recognise repetitive and tedious activities, and
discuss automation solutions with their range of technology partners.
Blockchain banking makes transfers quicker and cheaper. The authenti-
3. The adoption of environmental sustainability in industry 4.0 cated transactions are contained in blocks sealed with hash locks. These
blocks consist of a blockchain, as other networks validate the lock on
Industry 4.0 is characterised as a series of ecologically sound, stable, the blocks. This transaction cannot be changed and are immune from
and long-term social and economic growth factors and principles. This undesired changes. Different websites and apps permit live streaming.
is being implemented across a wide variety of applications to create en- Revolution will occur in the supermarket and internet shopping indus-
vironmental sustainability. Technically speaking, every digital company tries during the COVID-19 pandemic [82–84].
wants to make a difference, so it opts for environmental sustainability
today. We face the real problems today: the already warming environ- 4. Tools and elements of industry 4.0 for developing
ment, overconsumption of non-renewable energy, depletion of biodi- environmental sustainability
versity, widespread deforestation, extreme natural catastrophes, large-
scale emissions of carbon dioxide, low air and water quality. The indus- The key Industry 4.0 tooling for environmental sustainability areas
try must benefit from sustainability by using Industry 4.0 technologies include; Internet of things, data-based cloud computation, different prin-
[62–64]. ciples of Industry 4.0, product and process related aspects, etc. Fig. 2 is
Industry 4.0 can demonstrate the business case, develop appropriate highlighting the various tooling of the Industry 4.0 concept for creating
safety models and applications. A well-supported device integrator may a sustainable environment. With the proper arrangements with proposed
provide experience in private wireless networks. It may be the one who industry 4.0 tooling and tact, sustainable environment development can
has the expertise and, above all, has trusted ties with the actual technol- be accomplished. These specific aspects are further elaborated as; in-
ogy supplier in question. Technology vendors bring real-world, sectoral teroperability, real-time system, big data and real-time facts, life cycle
integration expertise to Industry 4.0 manufacturing scenarios and de- assessment, smart production, the utility of sensors, digitalisation, etc.
vice integrators charged for making transformation commitments. Solid [85–89].
knowledge of legacy cable environments and the smooth integration of The existing business will change with new technological advances,
wireless technology solutions without interrupting current activities is such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of things, big data, etc. Arti-
available to the right technology partners. Connecting our shop floor to ficial Intelligence is one of the main components of industry 4.0, which
a digital twin that matches the actual virtual would have an ongoing allows machines to think, learn, and make decisions. Human beings
optimisation loop that allows scalable and agile production processes. have been trying to improve their ability and strength since the dawn
Based on the collection and analysis of big data, businesses must con- of humanity. These toolings provide reliable equipment for advanced
sider what happens on their workshop floor to provide a platform that research [90,91]. Another technological advancement is the IoT, where
enables them to develop and validate simulations and to run floor op- computers can interact with others. IoT can move factories to intelli-
erations; a plant that turns data into practical information for creativity gent towns, villages, intelligent cities, cars, and houses into intelligent
and operational improvement [65–69]. homes. Another critical element in Industry 4.0 is extensive data anal-
Connected factory and Industrial IoT connected plant all machines ysis. It is mainly designed to collect input and data from customers so
collaborate, using data, IoT, and automation to monitor and monitor all that manufacturers can deliver goods and services for them. It provides
production facets. Our range of industrial IoT scenarios has been im- adequate on-time services, so resources and time will be saved [92,93].
proved by developing components that streamline and protect our cus- Industry 4.0 has a significant effect and changing its fundamental
tomers’ digital operations. Technologies in Industry 4.0 should realise basis on the global economy. To make decisions, engineers use the re-
that there is no danger of digital transformation, risks to cyberinfras- sults of big data analytics from the system. This knowledge gives pri-
tructure, expensive capital expenses or other problems. Leaders should ority to modifications and measures to be taken to prevent unplanned
also cautiously address the issues they may face and their impact on downtimes of machines. Big data analysis means predictive mainte-
competitiveness over the long term [70–72]. nance, which cuts response time dramatically. The automation of supply
The coronavirus pandemic has also shown the importance of digital control is another form of manufacturers using Big Data Analysis. This
technology in the potential protection of the environment. Road and air means that the human input and action required in a production facil-
circulation have been drastically diminished in recent months, reducing ity are reduced [94,95]. It operates by studying historical records of a
greenhouse gas pollution with the numbers of people living at home and manufacturing chain, connecting them to real-time production details,
depending on internet resources to travel, shop and take them out every and automating physical improvements to equipment by actuators and
day. The challenges paved the way for digitalisation, and the introduc- sophisticated robotics that are linked to control tools. The control pro-
tion of new enterprises focused on a new modern environment that con- gramme uses Big Data Analytics to provide these actuators and robotics
tains no touch with any operation and transaction [73–75]. This is the with targeted commands that change physical equipment/machinery
time to transform the digital system instead of thinking around it. Many configurations without any human interaction. In reality, technical ad-
jurisdictions have created smartphone apps that link key health systems vances have mostly been progressive, and revolutions in the past have
and advise consumers of best practices, self-assessment, risks and other usually taken place over many decades. In other words, the first time
COVID-19 advisories. The apps often alert consumers of a positive result that modern cyberinfrastructure has been embedded in industries [96–
that allows them to isolate themselves or call the provider in the event 98].
of symptoms [76–79].
In order to better explain the COVID-19 virus, its dissemination, and 5. Industry 4.0 processes towards environmental sustainability
how patients reacted to the therapy, Artificial Intelligence was intro-
duced to review data sets, pathology records and patient knowledge. Fig. 3 shows the conceptualised flow of the Industry 4.0 processes
Major IT firms, insurers, insurance and financial service providers, and towards environmental sustainability. The major steps in process flow
schools participate in an unprecedented telecommuting trial. Virtual of- areas of industry 4.0 aspects are process integration and sustainable out-
fices for workers save time, resources and energy expended on traffic comes. It all starts with applying smart and digital dimensions, which
and help to balance jobs and sustained growth and development. Over- further enables effective and sustainable culture throughout. The smart
head reduction and increased efficiency are part of the incentives for developments in methods/processes are the essential elements for the
workers [80,81]. production of environment supportive products. Integration is about the

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Fig. 2. Specific Industry 4.0 tooling for implementing sustainable ethos.

Fig. 3. Industry 4.0 Process flow towards environmental Sustainability outcomes.

man and machine interface and their association with real-time man- chinery. This often enhances the buying experience of many consumers
agement and virtualisation carried with smart factories [99–102]. The [103–105].
sustainable outcomes arrived in the economy, safety, operator health, Industry 4.0 increases consumer service and lives in even other ways,
environmental protection in different dimensions, etc. such as advanced robots aid in industrial efficiencies and, for end-users,
Intelligent production allows manufacturing to be upgraded and an- provide better devices. Additive manufacturing makes it easy to cus-
chored even in advanced manufacturing. Specific practical innovators tomise materials to create new structures and forms with fewer tools and
in the so-called manufacturers’ revolution take advantage of a tendency waste. Industry 4.0′s philosophy calls upon creating a zero-waste policy
to connect innovation and production. It promises a more effective pro- in a digital circular economy, reducing material usage, and a radically
duction method that often includes increasingly ecological processes, re- new approach to product design and supply chains. Sensors today sense
manufacturing tools, reusing ingredients, and organic inputs. In sustain- temperature, moisture, and other related details in the spray room; thus,
able production, unhealthy emissions are reduced by harvesting alter- when any change occurs, machines’ working, the corresponding envi-
native energies and energy-efficient illumination, equipment, and ma- ronmental settings also deviate from the optimal setting [106, 107].

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6. Significant developments through industry 4.0 to create a auxiliary mechanism to achieve sustainable production. Major develop-
sustainable environment ments of Industry 4.0 to create a sustainable environment are as under:
a. Smart production using Industry 4.0 technologies
Industry 4.0 incorporates the latest technical developments in manu-
facturing and combines cyber-physical structures such as the Internet of Smart production can be described as the convergence of IT tech-
Things and the Internet of Services, respectively. The computer was im- nology working in an integrated way in real-time. Digital technology
plemented in production in the past, while this transformation concerns detects and records tags by automatically electric fields. The chips have
the intelligent interrelation of processes, coordination, and decision- been used, and recent developments in designs have improved their re-
making without human interaction. The objective of Industry 4.0 is to liability to the extent to which they can now be used for production
change the current architecture, production and services processes. Op- purposes. Many industries now use chips to monitor their inventory, re-
erators and distributors have used this for years to reduce uncertainty duce unexpected downtime and increase the use of assets. Industry 4.0
and increase performance. Lean values allow change as well as a lean has the notion that humans, procedures and technologies are smoothly
and intelligent organisation. In order to build lean supply chains and net- combined. Thus, it is necessary to merge them at a rate that would not
works, industry 4.0 technologies are implemented. The digitalisation of confuse workers [119,120].
the equipment leads to the modernisation of lean and new developments First, perform a readiness evaluation to identify prospects for simple,
in technology. It is the only way to achieve successive organisational ex- inexpensive and efficient innovations in Industry 4.0. The use of drones
cellence [108,109]. can collect data at various project stages to advise models, instruments,
Industry 4.0 is used to achieve overall efficiency and produc- automated reports, inspections, and higher decision-making and per-
tion maintenance. Digital changes include adaptive engineering, au- formance analysis. Industry 4.0 technologies are a solid base as new
tonomous robots, increased truth, big data and analysis, cloud infras- processes are already being integrated and continue to transform their
tructure, cybersecurity, and horizontal and vertical device convergence. faces. Services undergo ongoing updates of the obsolescence of outdated
By integrating Industry 4.0 and lean, efficient maintenance systems can devices and technological programmes to continue to function. Control
communicate and relay information to other systems. In modern market and monitoring systems that provide essential alarm control, process
vital cases, the knowledge and research study assists experts in making and water operator control, data collection and historical capabilities
decisions. The machine will foresee malfunction, reconfigure itself and are without exception [121,122].
also respond to change with the proper study. Predictive management
b. Industry 4.0 for the water industry
would include analysing extensive data through continuous real-time
tracking, sending alerts based on predictive techniques such as regres- Industry 4.0, in particular, provides new possibilities for improved
sion analysis. The mining sector has the secret to keeping global growth asset control, such as real-time remote tracking, intelligent water mea-
at existing rates. However, the need for environmentally responsible surement or alarm-driven preventive maintenance. Through reliable
and safe natural resources alternatives increases worries about climate surveillance, it offers ways to improve climate reaction times, enhance
change and emissions [110–112]. community response and contact networks, and ensure continuous wa-
The ecological effects of mining operations can be sharply reduced ter availability to rural and urban areas. Such capacities allow the water
by technologies like carbon capture and storage, capturing carbon diox- industry to satisfy emerging demands, efficiently handle facilities and
ide from an underwater storage place and trapping it for thousands or supplies and maintain operating costs while serving better customers
millions of years in the atmosphere during the mining process at their more and faster. The industry field is now progressing through the tran-
source. It keeps a stable environment behind the mine closing and re- sition journey undergone by retail and financial institutions for the last
generation at the end of the mining period. Scientists have produced many years [123,124].
a plant growth polymer in metal-contaminated soils. Modern produc-
c. Industry 4.0 for reducing energy consumption
tion is a growing digital, automated and complicated industry that relies
heavily on computers and advanced technology. Industry 4.0 has been By using IoT technology, intelligent cities aim to improve their qual-
given a currency to explain the movement towards rising networking, ity of life while reducing energy consumption. Businesses will come to-
automation, and artificial knowledge [113,114]. gether to ensure that metropolitan communities play an essential role
Digital solutions are critical to efficient factory preparation as the in the energy revolution. The utility firms expect to develop a vision of
benefit of a conventional continuous production principle can be com- clever neighbourhoods and intelligent technology, such as smart park-
bined with the flexible assembly’s stability. This increased versatility ing. This involves the analysis of infrastructure and capacity to deliver
makes it possible for us to adapt much faster to consumer needs. In com- resources under the new business model. It processes to ensure that re-
parison to the traditional conveyor system, it also needs less investment. lationships between the state and the private sector offer people and
The lack of raw materials, ecological degradation, and climate change stakeholders common benefits. This means that companies and commu-
are constant threats to the production of natural resource-based compa- nities are seriously attracted to projects, support innovations, and build
nies. Therefore, their goal is for the longest time to pursue sustainable competitive business models [125,126].
solutions that allow economic development without further degrada- In reality, a manufacturer will approximate figures and establish ar-
tion of the climate. Creating sustainable value by structured methods, guments that show the potential to reduce energy consumption in man-
including products, processes, and systems-level creative techniques for ufacturing operations, increase yield and scrap, and reduce transporta-
sustainable production, Industry 4.0 creates a positive impact. This re- tion costs due to fewer customer claims. Industry 4.0 technologies can
quires the almost perpetual movement of closed-loop materials across help one understand what he/she wants to accomplish from the start of
the course of production through effective waste management systems, the innovation process and can be used to make decisions at each sub-
lean manufacturing best practices, and technologies adapted to sustain- sequent phase. This always forecasts the anticipated value from techno-
able industrial practice [115–118]. logical, efficiency, and other related perspectives as per the experience
Sustainable technology in manufacturing makes it environmentally with research and innovation [127,128].
safe and methodological clean. The stigma associated with the ecologi-
cal equilibrium of our different habitats has been met by industrialisa- d. Transparency of information through Industry 4.0
tion. Lean manufacturing is an advanced approach for the production of Interconnection and transparency of information enable operators
parity in industrial development with other socio-economic structures. to make decisions both inside and beyond manufacturing installations.
This is used to Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recover the resources as an This ability to simultaneously integrate local and global intelligence

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tends to enhance decision making and improve efficiency. Big data ana- ics, computers, and aerospace. Today, technologies like AI, robotics, 3D
lytics is used to find valuable associations, patterns, trends, and desires printing, sensors and more are driving us into Industry 4.0. This latest
for businesses in advancing computer technology in enormous data sets. wave of disruption is now a major driving force. The way the business
Big data analytics in industry 4.0 play a part in several fields, including and the broader economy works will probably change [135,136].
smart factories, where production-machine sensor data are analysed to
anticipate the need for maintenance and repair operations. g. Supply chain interconnection using Industry 4.0
Manufacturers experience production performance, realise their
The supply chain interconnection goes well beyond the production
real-time data through self-service systems, predictive optimisation of
business. The whole supply chain can also be linked horizontally, includ-
maintenance, and production control automation through their use. Big
ing vendors. Industry 4.0 creates societal uncertainties close to those in
data analysis companies use large volumes of client data to improve
which computers were engaged at the time; it is vital for the process in-
strategic decisions by understanding habits and picking up trends. It col-
dustry’s future, particularly the production sector. Industry 4.0 is more
lects enormous data from intelligent sensors through Cloud Computing
like a regulated mechanism than the wild revolution. It can forecast that
and IIoT platforms to detect patterns that increase supply chain man-
future worlds in an automated way, which will definitely impact manu-
agement efficiency [129,130].
facturing and maintenance. Sensors play a key role in adopting Industry
Big data analytics will allow them to detect secret output factors. Us-
4.0, rather than just a significant smart supply chain. The data generated
ing the root of the issue to explain the underlying cause of the bottleneck
by sensors must be interpreted correctly and always be of excellent qual-
factors, producers use selective data analysis. This encourages produc-
ity. In the future, sensors will be found far past the actual manufacturing
ers to increase production while reducing expense and waste disposal.
procedures, even in industry 4.0 [137–139].
In order to optimise the supply chain and price improvement, prediction
Industry 4.0 technologies also contribute to upstream, downstream,
of faulters, product creation and smart factory design, big data analytics
and concurrent systems, such as predictive maintenance. All higher-
is essential. The adoption of self-service engineering analysis will help
level devices without the proper sensors are blind and wrong decisions
consolidate huge volumes of large data from manufacturing facilities.
are taken with inaccurate measurement results. The maintenance team
The self-service framework breaks the data down in real-time, tracks
should be surprised that the measuring data output depends on com-
patterns, errors, and visualises key decision-makers.
petent and swift sensor calibration. It consists of transforming technol-
e. Industry 4.0 for improving air quality ogy that will affect both companies, automate and refine the floor using
smart machines. Virtual reality transforms manufacturing systems and
The stable power supply network can be linked to virtual power
installation lines at the plant and gives producers the ability to demon-
plants and renewable energy infrastructure, including solar panels.
strate their goods or processes to consumers in a simulated world. It
These facilities use intelligent grid software-based technologies. Auto-
makes it possible to solve problems and provides consumers with a qual-
mated solutions can significantly reduce city emissions and the air qual-
ity product. This data, often stored by IoT devices, detects trends that
ity index. No smog is being generated, and the air gets cleaner. Traffic
indicate imminent events.
management and less congestion can take place on the roads. It will
reduce our energy intake, waste and carbon emissions in our cities sub-
stantially by being intelligent. There is a need for platforms to maximise 7. Industry 4.0 applications for a sustainable environment
reuse, recycle and refresh culture in different sectors on a zero-waste ba-
sis to meet the national sustainable goals [131, 132]. Industry 4.0 combines physical operations and manufacturing with
The vision of a common market is made possible by digitisation. It digital technology. Organisations can use machine learning and real-
allows owners, landlords, and related online firms to share their hous- time data processing to improve efficiency, streamline processes, and
ing, vehicles, bikes, and appliances. Digital transformation sharing is the boost development. Manufacturing will now fully enter a sustainable
solution to overconsumption and cost-efficiency. The green tech era is age with the help of Industry 4.0 technologies. Digital manufacturing
on the rise, with a new digital transition in neck and neck. However, boosts productivity, performance, versatility, and reliability, making
the inclusion of both was hardly ever an option. Only in recent years businesses more profitable and long-lasting. Prospective improvements
has new technologies and sustainability been combined with exponen- in output volumes and efficiency and lower overhead, operational, and
tial growth. Any organisation requires digital processes on a broad scale capital costs are key motivators for manufacturers to invest in smart
to satisfy the basic needs of a company. Cumulative digitisation thus manufacturing [140,141]. There are also sustainability advantages that
offers a great chance to achieve sustainable objectives. favour workers and the environment, such as increased resource and
energy productivity, deployment of sustainable infrastructure, worker
f. Industry 4.0 for controlling of operations
health and safety, and improved quality of life. Table 1 discusses the
The manufacturer can gather data on assembly and control oper- significant applications of Industry 4.0 for a sustainable environment.
ations using Industry 4.0 embedded technology such as smart instru- Industry 4.0 can be used to better understand the qualitative and
ments, laser projection and industrial cameras. This enabled the team quantitative advantages of smart manufacturing as a result. These sup-
to increase efficiency, traceability and competitiveness. Industry 4.0, port suppliers’ operations are component packaging and product trans-
building a world in which intelligent engineering helps advanced tech- portation and reduce transportation costs and delivery time. The net-
nology such as AI, IoT, virtual reality and robotics. Today, industries working base must be as stable, secure, and future-proof as possible to
are launching changes that enable our customers and partners to get solve most pain points and gain value in plant operations. 5 G tech-
this fact ever closer to the top of their businesses to improve safety, nology holds great promise as a single infrastructure capable of serv-
competitiveness and reliability [133,134]. ing large-scale, sensitive, and industrial automation applications. 5G-
In particular, intelligent factories should be built to focus on inter- enabled cyber-physical networks and advanced cellular IoT is laying the
operability, as it ensures that inputs function to the desired results. This groundwork for the fourth industrial revolution [216–218]. Internet of
is sometimes because the individual internal or external organisations Things can help to improve industrial productivity and better under-
are untrustworthy. The historical record reveals that manufacturers and stand the climate effect. Industry 4.0 arrives just in time for the most
businesses normally fulfil their expectations. Manufacturers should look crucial decade for climate action. Better networking of 5 G would make
for better use of the cloud for informative analytics and get familiar with IoT deployment much more superficial. The use of remote experts is
decentralised innovation processes. This will also need to use modern one exciting technology idea we are implementing on the factory floor
methods, such as crowdsourcing, to provide usable data sets. Technol- [219–221]. Virtual reality can help troubleshoot and interact with an
ogy innovations have also contributed to the development of electron- on-site technician.

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Table 1
Significant applications of Industry 4.0 for developing a sustainable environment.

S
No Applications Description References

1 Sustainable Smart factories Industry 4.0 is becoming common in tomorrow’s smart factories as more companies [142–145]
re-orientate their production processes to be more environmentally friendly and sustainable.
Manufacturing industries are the foundation of the global economy in several respects. A
business organisation can look further for connected factory equipment, AI-enabled energy
systems, and industrial IoT devices. Industry 4.0 technologies enable responsible
consumption and development, intending to do more. As a global organisation, the efficient
use of natural resources and the environment is managed through circular economy thinking
and climate awareness.
2 Reduced carbon footprint and In the reduction of plastic, carbon footprint and water pollution, factories around sectors [146–148]
pollution control have progressed. It depends on the technologies of Industry 4.0, such as robotics, renewable
energy, data collection and forecasting, IoT and digitalisation. For production, the needs of
electricity, waste, or conventional fossil fuels are not necessary. Applications of these
technologies are used for research and development institutes. This subsequent research and
development cover solar energy consumption, energy safety and lightweight materials.
3 Sustainable buildings Industry 4.0 has many applications to create a sustainable building, from architecture to [149–151]
ongoing management. Architects now use building information modelling software to
optimise buildings for sustainability. Digital technologies may incorporate elements such as
eco-friendly bacteria that naturally repair structures into industrial and commercial
structures. With the use of Industry 4.0 technologies, sustainable design and architecture are
now possible. Heating and cooling systems will self-regulate for energy efficiency in
real-time once they have been installed. Sensors and IoT devices can tell environmental
control systems to switch off the lights and air conditioning when people leave a building.
4 Digital information for positive This includes our company’s products and services and the use of digital information and [152–155]
environmental impact communication technology to mitigate the positive environmental impacts of other
industries. Related cases within the manufacturing process have been identified, analysed,
and applied in industries to prove and quantify smart manufacturing’s positive impacts using
digital technologies. It has embarked on a bold digital transformation initiative to boost
operational productivity, occupational health and safety, and collaboration with the product
design unit to ensure design alignment with the manufacturing process.
5 Enhanced sustainable benefits These technologies come up with a general approach to dealing with the complexity of [156–158]
technology, manufacturing, and sustainability effect analysis to enhance the sustainability
benefit of smart manufacturing. Manufacturing processes evaluated and clustered based on
supporting technologies and criteria such as 5 G cellular wireless connectivity, the Internet
of Things, machine learning, and augmented reality. New ideas became real use cases that
improved business, sustainability, and integration amongst producers, suppliers, and
customers.
6 Service management Industry 4.0 is realised by linking measurement instruments and manufacturing enterprises’ [159–162]
complete knowledge and automation infrastructure in energy and services management.
Extension of collecting, transferring and storing capabilities of vast data volumes relating to
energy supply use, production and transition. The proliferation of data and increased access
to computer resources enables special artificial intelligence techniques to facilitate variable
detection and analysis of interest patterns in various industries.
7 Increase in productivity A general goal is to increase an operation’s productivity, competitiveness, and overall [163–166]
investment using Industry 4.0. The advantages are direct and can lead to an acquisition,
outcome, and reinvestment virtuous cycle. More competition leads to improved financial
performance, and the extra cash in hand can boost capacity and productivity. The
management of energy is one of industry 4.0′s essential foundations. This is used in
organisations’ proactivity to consume resources and services efficiently. Furthermore,
integrating various power generation sources into a more demanding and dispersed market
would require.
8 Enhancing the environmental All environmental innovations are covered by the latest automation and industrial sharing [167–170]
innovation theme by using Industry 4.0. The transfers of knowledge between people and machinery
have enhanced the automated factories’ processes, increased efficiency and reduced waste
production. The IoT is the wired machinery, sensors, actuators, and computers network that
collects information and shares information. A digital twin is a virtual model of physical
properties, processes, systems, and equipment, thereby showing both the system’s elements
and dynamics. Digital twins can provide future planning, data collection, device surveillance
and much more. Cyber-physical systems are known to integrate computational, network,
physical processes, and environmental innovations in the system.
9 Perform the required job Machine learning is a branch of AI where computers can be programmed to take data and [171–173]
think about it instead of coding the machine to perform a job. One of the primary research
and development programmes has identified opportunities to include small and
medium-sized businesses through education, strategic investment, grants, task forces, and
advanced research initiatives. Most of the work is undertaken to develop mechanisms to
ensure that personal and company data are not misused in this sector.
10 Production optimisation Cloud computing network works together with such that an outside observer believes it is a [174–177]
single entity. This data can be used for production optimisation, process failure prediction
and downtime reduction etc. Interoperability enables the freely and efficiently transfer of
knowledge to each unit, sensor, actuator, device, robot and human being. Cloud systems
tend to run the machine and other computers in industries. Big data and analytics refer to
the vast and dynamic data sets available from various machine learning technology sources.
Industry 4.0 develops approaches, principles and solutions that provide safety and
production optimisation in the industries. The emphasis is on prevention strategies that can
be integrated into programmes from the beginning while at the same time modernising
existing systems to satisfy current safety criteria.
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Table 1 (continued)

S Applications Description References

No

11 Develop skill and flexible automation Training and preparation systems are needed to help people develop skills to succeed in [178–183]
emerging industry 4.0 occupations. This provides better solutions to enable businesses and
ensures the workforce necessary for potential employment by including vocational and
academic training options. There are various technology developments revolutionised in
business and the industrial sector over the last few hundred years. There are already many
technical elements of Industry 4.0; thus, the revolution puts together computers, systems and
goods. Robots are an essential part of flexible automation, and they are used in many
applications, from welding and plasma cutting to assembling and finishing for industrial
production. Robots also give suppliers of all sizes several possible advantages. Robot systems
can enhance quality management, a healthy work environment, decrease bottlenecks,
increase efficiency, enhanced worker satisfaction and more if properly applied.
12 Environmentally friendly Increased levels of automation increase productivity and improving worker safety. Remote [184–186]
control and haptic feedback over 5 G can now control heavy machinery. This has the
potential to save lives and make it more environmentally friendly. This has improved mining
safety and operations and delivered other IoT use cases such as ventilation system
automation, real-time staff and vehicle monitoring, and remote-controlled machinery.
13 Addressing climate change This provides practical strategies and tools for addressing climate change and broader [187–190]
sustainability priorities, positively impacting industries. The exponential roadmap provides a
partnership between technology innovators, scientists, private industry, and non-profit
organisations. The global economy is rapidly reaching a tipping point. The rapid
advancement of digital technology is creating new consumer opportunities and altering the
way to do business. It can also have a significant effect on the long-term viability of
economies by introducing new business models and enhancing protection, inclusivity,
affordability, and long-term growth for all stakeholders.
14 Handle whole industrial functions Industries looking at automation to help them handle whole industrial functions must realise [191–193]
the value of access to the most up-to-date data. With an organisation connecting to cloud
storage, all related data is available anywhere and wherever needed. Engineers may extract
additional information to help them accomplish their tasks more effectively by connecting
cameras and sensors. It can provide full assembly details for the product to enable
manufacturing engineers to directly show the shop floor issues to the maintenance team.
Nanotechnology and 3D printing can now be integrated with manufacturing systems and
supply chains, making production more flexible and using energy more efficiently.
15 Minimise wastage Lean methods were embraced vigorously by the automotive industry. Lean is about getting [194–196]
waste out of all production aspects. Lean thought allows producers to buy less, from
packaging and raw materials to energy. The response to climate change is also a chance to
boost profitability and expand industry whilst developing a green image and sustainable
development. The concentration of low-cost sensors with integration and big data analysis
appears to have an effect that makes an effective manufacturing system. These innovations
provide suppliers with new insights into how to optimise their manufacturing processes and
supply chains for reduced prices and improved customer experience. Smart production
practices help minimise waste and greenhouse gas pollution along the way, whether by
mistake or design.
16 Automobile lighter part for better fuel Additive manufacturing is being used to make smaller, heavier parts that can be used to [197–200]
economy replace complicated assemblies. This advanced manufacturing technology saves material and
makes the automobile lighter part for better fuel economy. This makes the production
process less difficult than stamping and welding. Industry 4.0 technologies also allow
producers to become more sustainable by finding ways to use fewer resources and content.
Therefore, many are searching for process innovations. Worldwide, manufacturers are
pressurised to reduce their environmental effects. It involves learning the incoming requests,
identifying and applying environmentally-friendly activities that are most appropriate, and
tailoring them to meet the industry needs.
17 Rapid identification and removal of In most sectors, significant improvements in new product development times and time to [201–204]
various issue market have been achieved. It results in significant cost savings for both the business and in
manufacturing. This new level of detail can allow for the new product direction, preventative
maintenance, and the rapid identification and removal of issues. However, the variety of
approaches and applications available and the lack of unified legislation make it impossible
for companies to address any of these issues independently. In combination with premium
software resources and industry-specific databases, sustainability consulting services assist
businesses of all sizes and industries to address their specific environmental performance
requirements through Industry 4.0 technologies. These technologies can change the factory
floor based on discrete manufacturing.
18 Control electronics machines Industry 4.0 counters that new-found cyber-technology manufacturing convergence provides [205–207]
paralleled control for electronic machinery. When wholly extended at each level, Industry
4.0 builds independent factory networks that can execute physical operations without human
hands intervention and immediately fix imperfections. Some of Industry 4.0′s more visionary
which enables productions to network globally. In other words, geographical borders
between factory areas stop in the virtual context, so cloud computing and artificial
intelligence are used to link IoT infrastructures in all factories.
19 Improve market efficiency In order to improve market efficiency and modelling, the relationships and complexities [208–211]
between sustainable production cover overlap zones, alignment, and categorised features of
various processes by systematic and cost-effective waste management. Progressive firms use
renewable energy sources in the manufacturing, distribution and supply chain operations for
the power sector and emerging technology. Also, businesses use creative approaches and
technology to make better energy use, reduce duplication and maximise efficiency.
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Table 1 (continued)

S Applications Description References

No

20 Recycling of waste materials The sustainable production processes are supported by practices such as extended and [212–215]
repeated use of raw materials by recycling, internal waste material use and interdependent
markets for differentiated by-products. Many industrial establishments that have improved
ecological production designs in companies have shown improved efficiency. Industry 4.0 is
the future gains in production resource efficiencies with large quantities of data by robots.
This improves working practices and even health care which owing to broader ranges of
services.

8. Discussion ate vast amounts of data, a data analyst, a machine learning specialist,
and a Big Data expert are needed to work with the data, extract insights,
Industry 4.0 redefines the digital revolution through the new market optimise processes and equipment, and keep the factory running. This
models, increased engineering investments, simplified workflows, shift recognises an opportunity and prepares us for a new task by using new
detection/projective analysis and increased industry cooperation. Here, technologies. Data can be used to conclude almost everything. Previ-
data can be captured in ever-increasing solutions, enabling studies by ously, it was challenging to keep track of and gain insights into busi-
introducing advanced instrumentation technologies and analysing man- ness models and production costs without digitisation. The industry’s
ufacturing processes. smooth operation was disrupted by resource outages, power demand,
Sophisticated physical instruments can now view physical quantities and energy shortages, amongst other things.
in energy and utility management, understanding processes and mea- However, with the use of robotics, artificial intelligence, and ma-
suring variables ranging from applied control. The driving force behind chine learning, it is now easier for factories to collect data on all of these
this revolution in manufacturing and distributing goods and services is issues and work toward creating a factory that can deal with power, raw
progress in data, analytics, and networking. Technology development, material, and energy constraints. This would significantly reduce manu-
including artificial intelligence and virtual reality and the IoT, connects facturing costs while also assisting businesses in being more competitive
persons, devices and data in new ways and how they interact. Indus- and stable. It has been around for a few years and will continue to grow
try 4.0 provides a rare ability to exploit and integrate quality into the in the coming months, bringing with it more creativity and quality. It
broader corporate approach regarding technical advantages. Worldwide is now up to us to take advantage of this industrial revolution stage
there are several examples of industry 4.0, which takes hold and trans- and build a more meaningful, purpose-driven, and sustainable environ-
forms everything from manufacturing to consumer service. There has ment. This framework aims to act as a manual and guide for Industry
certainly never been a better time to implement Industry 4.0. 4.0 applications that promote sustainability principles. It focused on an
Designs built on personalised knowledge can be generated digitally organisation’s decision to resolve which sustainability concerns are im-
using Industry 4.0 technologies and associated software’s. The risks portant.
posed by possible faults in the production, marking and packaging in-
dustry are all too evident. It is essential to be alert and carry out strict 10. Future scope
tests and controls suitable for Industry 4.0 technology. These can pro-
duce more of the same things when using economies of scale was one Industry 5.0 is the future and is now a new trend that enhanced
of the principal advantages of the early shifts in manufacturing. This human-machine connectivity and cooperation. This transition in cyber-
delivery is an essential task for mechanical manufacturers. Industry 4.0 physical networks summarised in Industry 4.0 has developed into In-
promises to provide precisely the required solutions. Intelligent plants dustry 5.0, radically changing our way of living, working and connect-
that have digitally designed any product’s integrated workflow make for ing. The next wave of technological revolution needs to describe how
unbelievable simplicity and versatility in design and manufacture. we work together and define the laws for the contact between people
The primary application methods in the data collection, measure- and machines. As more of the automation, machine intelligence, and
ment and evaluation, inventory management and quality control, and even robotics job history assists the workers and take over major parts
input and in-process components and finished goods are concerned. The of distribution, production, and operations, the degree of cooperation
net result is that the product consistency and procedures can be guaran- between individuals and equipment will change. The rapid rate of tran-
teed and improved with a good result. The digitalisation of production sition challenges all employees, states, lawmakers and regulators. The
collaborative processes is a powerful mechanism for sustainable and ac- value of involving people in the process has been attributed to industry
celerated development. Organisations will take the best steps towards 5.0. Manufacturers will be forced to incorporate technology to enable
reducing mistakes and additional costs by employing decentralisation, customisation, product creation, after-sale operation, and other func-
interoperability, and virtualisation. Active data is sent directly to the en- tions to meet rising demands.
gineers and other related computers via IoT-enabled equipment and sen- Digital solutions will provide flexible manufacturing, increased ef-
sors. Apps will send out notifications when servicing or repair is needed. ficiency, and the emergence of new business models. Nevertheless, the
Production line data can help engineers track and optimise processes. future of manufacturing holds even more promise and will open up new
IoT assists manufacturing engineers can make practical decisions. Using ways for both discrete and process industries to meet their customers’
computerised analytical instruments and procedures, Big Data may de- unique needs. The Digital Enterprise allows businesses of all sizes to in-
tect repetitive patterns, themes, and relationships. Industry executives corporate and digitise their operations. Digitalisation can begin at any
are increasingly keen to engage in big data processing to identify pro- point in a company’s value chain. The digital twin is created when a
cesses that need improvement. It makes improvements that contribute new product is developed, a new plant is planned, and a new product is
to productive production processes. produced using digital tools. Industry 4.0 technologies allow for quicker
and more efficient innovation while still having far fewer resources. 5 G
9. Learning from this study networks, in addition to providing flexibility, also offers the type of la-
tency that manufacturers need for both current and future systems, a
Industry 4.0 is in the new industrial revolution, which can be helpful vital necessity for any type of factory automation task and many Indus-
in various manufacturing industries green. Since smart factories gener- try 4.0 applications.

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