River Engineering

SP-17D (CE-Sem-7)
B. Tech.
(SEM. VII) ODD
SEMESTER THEORY
EXAMINATION, 2020-21
RIVER ENGINEERING
Time:3 Hour8
Max. Marks :70
Note: 1.
Attempt all sections. If require any
suitably. missing data; then choose
Section-A
1.
Attempt all questions in brief.
a.
Describe the classification of rivers in (2 x7= 14)
AS Refer Q. 1.4, 2 Marks flood plain8.
Questions, Page SQ-1D, Unit-1.
b. Explain cut-offs and
their use
Refer Q. 5.17, Page 5-23D, Unit-5. as river training method.
C. What are the
advantages of bio engineering methods ?
ANK Refer Q. 4.1, 2 Marks
Questions, Page SQ-7D, Unit-4.
d. What do you mean by
ARK If the river is collecting Aggrading rivers ?
sediment and is building up its bed, it is
called an aggrading or an accreting
its bed slope, which is called type river. Such a river increases
building up of slope.
e. Explain bandalling.
Bandalling is an impervious system of river training. It is designed
to confine the low water flow in a single channel with a view to
maintain suitable depth for navigation.
f. Define flood plain.
Refer Q. 1.10, 2 Marks Questions, Page
SQ-3D, Unit-1.
g. How does stream
environment ? restoration works influence the
Refer Q. 3.4, 2 Marks Questions, Page SQ-6D, Unit-3.
Section-B
2 Attempt any three of the following: (7 x3 =21)
a. Mention Rosgen classification of river.
e Refer Q. 1.8, Page 1-10D, Unit-1.
SP-18 D (CE-Sem-7) Solved Paper (2020-21)

b. Explain river morphology impact in brief.

A8 The morphological impact of a range of typical river engineering
works is given below :
A. Channel Straightening :
1. This reduces the length of the river channel but maintains the
same loss of height.
2. It als0 removes the head loss due to the bends. As a result the water
surface slope in the straightened reach is increased, the velocity is
increased and the depth of flow reduced.
3. The increased water surface slope and velocity leads to increased
sediment transport rates in the straightened reach.
4. If the upstream sediment load is unaltered this in turn leads to
erosion in the straightened reach as well as further upstreamn, and
sediment deposition downstream of it.
B. Construction of Flood Embankments :
1. Depending upon their position on the floodplain, flood
embankments may alter the velocity and depth offlow in the main
channel and hence the overall sediment transporting capacity of
the reach.
2. This can commonly reduce the sediment transporting capacity of
the main channeland hence lead to sediment deposition.
3. The resulting increase in bed levels may, in the long term, reduce
the effectiveness of the flood embankments.
4. If the embankments encroach significantly, the flow velocities
adjacent to the embankment may increase to values at which bank
erosion may take place unless the embankments are properly
protected.
C. Flood Relief Channels :
1. By reducing the discharge in the main channel, flood relief channels
willreduce the sediment transporting capacity of the original river
channel.
2. In general the combined cross-sectional area of the original river
channel and the flood relief channel will exceed that of the original
river channel during floods.
3. As a result, average flow velocities are reduced and hence the
sediment transport rate is also reduced.
4. Sedimentation can frequently result in a reduction of the conveyance
capacity of the channelto below the design value.
D. Reservoirs :
1. On-line storage reservoirs modify the flow distribution downstream
but they also trap sediment.
2. The common impact on flow distribution is for the flood peaks
downstream to be reduced.
3. This modifies the capacity of the channel to transport sediment.
The frequent response is for the channel to reduce in size.
River Engineering
SP-19 D (CE-Sem-7)
4 The impact of the reduced
sediment load from upstream as a result
of the sediment being trapped in the
river downstream to degrade and thereservoir
bed
is for the bed of the
5. Changed flows, channel size and bed sediments to coarsen.
substrate may have a
significant impact on the flora and fauna in the reach downstream.
C. Explain exhibit range of bed features (forms) in alluvial
channels.
Refer Q. 2.14, Page 2-13D, Unit-2.
d. Describe different types of river training works.
Refer Q. 5.3, Page 5-3D, Unit-5.
e. What do you mean by :
i. Full reservoir level (FRL).
ii. Surcharge storage.
iüi. Minimum pool level.

1. Full Reservoir Level (FRL):

discharged over the spillway, but will
i. During high floods, water is in
cause the water level to rise the reservoir above the normal pool
level.
the water rises during the worst
ii. The maximum level to which maximum pool level.
design flood is known as the
2. Surcharge Storagestored : the
volume of water between the normal pool level and
i. The surcharge storage.
maximum pool level iscalled the sense that it
storage is an uncontrolled storage, in
ii. Surcharge
the flood is in progress and cannot be retained for
exists only till
later use.
Minimum Pool Level : under
3.
water surface elevation, which has to be kept
i The lowest minimum
normal operating conditions in a reservoir, is called the
pool level. elevation of the lowest outlet in the
may be fixed by the
i. This level minimum head required for efficient
dam or may be guided by the
functioning of turbines.
Section-C
(7x1 =7)
3. Attempt any one part of the following : responsible for the
parameters
a. Summarize the various
instability of rivers.
Refer Q. 2.16, Page 2-16D, Unit-2.
b. Differentiate between the following:
SP-20 D (CE-Sem-7) Solved Paper (2020-21)
i. Flashy and virgin rivers.
ii. Aggrading and degrading rivers.
ANE Refer Q. 1.2, Page 1-3D, Unit-1.
4 Attempt any one part of the following : (7x 1 =7)
a. What is the mechanics behind alluvial rivers ? Also discuss
on goalsetting in river restoration.
n Mechanics : Refer Q. 3.1, Page 3-2D, Unit-3.
Goals: Refer Q. 3.5, Page 3-6D, Unit-3.
b. Discuss factors affecting type, shape and progress of delta.
Ans Refer Q. 2.19, Page 2-20D, Unit-2.

5 Attempt any one part of the following: (7x1= 7)

a. What is the main concept behind ethics of rivers restoration,
explain in detail.
1. River restoration is used to describe a variety of modifications of
river channels and adjacent riparian zones and floodplains, and of
the water, sediment, and solute inputs to rivers.
2. These modifications share the goal of improving
hydrologic,
geomorphic, and/or ecological processes within a degraded
watershed and replacing lost, damaged, or compromised elements
of the natural system.
3. Restoration is sometimes distinguished from
use restoration as including river
rehabilitation, but we
management and engineering
that ranges fromn isolated structural modifications such as bank
stabilization or riparian fencing, to manipulations of ecosystem
processes and biota across large river basins over a period of decades.
4. To achieve restoration objectives, the science of river
must include :
restoration
i An explicit recognition of the known complexities and
iü Continued development of a theoretical frameworkuncertainties,
that enables
us to identify generalities among river systems and to ask relevant
questions,
üi Enhancing the science and use of restoration
monitoring by
measuring the most effective set of variables at the correct scales
of measurement,
iv. Linking science and implementation, and
v. Developing methods of restoration that are effective within existing
constraints.
5. Key limitations to river restoration include a lack of scientific
knowledge of watershed-scale process dynamics, institutional
structures that are poorly suited to large-scale adaptive
management,and a lack of political support to reestablish delivery
of the ecosystem amenities lost through river degradation.
River Engineering
h. SP-21 D(CE-Sem-7)
Describe
factors
on the
causes of
controlling meandering
AN Refer Q. 2.4, Page the meandering
2-5D, Unit-2.
and explain the
process ?
6.
a. Attempt any one part of the
Outline the different stepsfollowing:
design and analysis of a involved in the natural(7x 1 =7)
channel
Refer Q. 4.2, Page 4-7D, stream.
b.
Unit-4.
Write short notes on :
i. Pitched islands.
ii. Levees.
iüi. Bandalling.
ANK Pitched Islands and
Bandalling: Refer Q. Levees: Refer Q. 5.3, Page 5-3D, Unit-5.
5.19, Page 5-24D, Unit-5.
7. Attempt any one part of the following :
a. Design a
(7x1=7)
guide band for a bridge site with the following
hydraulic data of the river:
Maximnum discharge = 8000 cumecs, HFL =120.00 m, River
bed level = 100.00 m, Diameter of bed material = 0.15 mm
Ans

Given : Qm=8000cumecs, HFL = 120.00 m, RBL =100 m

Diameter of bed material, d =0.15 mm
To Find : Design a guide bund.
A Length of Guide Bund/Bank :
as follows:
1. The waterway between two guide bund may be evaluated
The Lacey's regime waterway = Clear waterway
P= 4.75J =4.75/8000 = 425 m
spacing between the two
2. Allowing 20 % extra piers, etc. the net
guide bunds at the bridge site
= 1.2x 425 = 510m

Hence, provide the length, L=510m

bridge
3. The length of the guide bund upstream of
= 1.25 x L= 1.25 x 510 = 637.5 m
of bridge
4. The length of the guide bund downstream
= 0.25 x L=0.25 x 510 =127.5 m
upstream portion may be kept
5. The radius of the curved head 229.5 m = 230 m
= 0.45 x L= 0.45 x 510 =
Solved
Paper with a
(2020-21) ignoring settlement we
such :1 1.9t
8303T=
T
2.28
m
130° 2 Bund.
in as 2.
curved and
by slopes
Fig.
Nose afflux future Bell's
curved
by 1. example.
bund m.
side
in HFL120:00
122.00
for level shown of
be therefore
Fig. of
130° guide allowance and
value
10
m reach
therefore,
in 60° : m
m
121.5 as
bed m as
shown for Bunds
120.00
nil of
22 m t=
1.2
m
straight
bundriver= 5 bund
nay,
127.5
m bunds andlevel as
122.00-100.00
may, bund = an bundthe Free
board
Guide of above
as 637.5
m = m top1.5 making level 44
m the
510
m guide site1.5 + of
bund 60° the120.00 of section m of
guide
of of
bridge top bund width
A of the board have 103(A-A)
guide angle B
A|
| Planof andthe 22
m
the we = the = toprequired
m. R=
230
m at
Cross-sections m section
of 230of an 130" 60° 1. HFLfree safeadopt
of the
head, 5
D end endmake
SP-22
(CE-Senm-7) Fig. a moreus height 100
RL
= 93
m
of Assuming
given Assuming
the 122.0 Fig.
2.Cross
USradius
DIS velocity let =
RL
to be etc.,Now, have 44
m
The Theway Nose The 2:1
To
a
6. 7. B. 1 2. 3. 4 5.
 SP-3D(CE-Sem-T)
onside of however, on
sope
rear length provided
thethe by. m bund, be
onHowever given 10 will be
bund. 0.6817 provided shall
provided guide portions
is
the (t)t=0.06Qs m by,
=0.06(S000,452.28 10.68
=m m portions
bund. Apron:
side given = -6.65 the
of 1.76/0.15 m
be portions the m but of 4 curved
= is
the
must 1.2 apron portions
level,20 10.6820
=- m.
curved
of and in x
bund V3
\0.6817 = 10.68-2015
the =
length pitching 1.9 bed 100.0
aproncurved
Pitehing guide
D=
1.25
R-y = 8000 launching
transitions in m
=
1200
m t= 1.76d river120.0- D=
l.5R-y these
3.
entire
an for apron,
x
R=
0.47 0.47
R= x
10
apron
x
Fig.
stone 19 the 125 x
1.5 1.5 in in
above
and pitched = of f= y= D= for curvilinear= of = apron
shown
the Stone of reaches Lacey's
silt
factor, need length
pitching of water
for thickness thickness by, andas
be
side of no given the sides
River
Engineering alsoDesign Straight of is the
Pitching
where, Depth There
apron. Hence
water
Stone both
will Tbe The For is
D
C. 1. 2. 4. 5. 6.
A 3.
Solved
Paper
(2020-21) with
Bund. bridges
2.28
m
120.0
m
Bell's
HFL -15
m for
Free
board the protection
1.2
m of
portions

of
Unit-5.
curvedmethods
5m.
n
100.093
m 123
m
the 5--14D,
= of different
reduced
waterways.
2.1 RL (B-B) Page
sectionthe 5.10,
SP-24 RL,
122
=
(CE-Sem-7)
D
Explain
Q.
Cross
15
m Refer
3.
Fig. b.
 100
Marks:
Max. (10x2
=
20)

?
restoration
Unit-1. Unit-1. Unit-2 Unit-2. Unit-3. Unit-3. Unit-4. Unit-4. Unit-5. Unit-5.

RIVER
ENGINEERING SQ-1D, SQ-1D. SQ-5D. SQ-5D. SQ-6D. 6D, ? SQ-10D,sQ-9D,
SQ-7D. SQ-7D,
river.
river. erosion
stream SQ
river?
Page Page cross-over?
Page Page
of of Page time
Page Page data ? Page Page Page
series
rivers. instability for
SECTION-A of alluvial
Questions,
Questions,
Desccribe
sediment
transport. Questions,
Questions,
Questions,
ethics Questions,
Questions, Questions,
Questions, Questions,
works.
protected
brief. geometric
the
in of by by by by training
questions
Marks Marks for
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Note: L Aas b C d e Aas t g h. L j,

A
 SP-15
D
(CE-Sem-7)30)wash
bed training 10) Explain 10)
10=
(lx a
= in
10 of
and
method 10 cut-off
x river x
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of
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SECTION-B
following
limitations. delta.
ofgrowth
sketch are Unit-5. : Unit-5.
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unsubmerged
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1.
Unit- How
Unit-3.
following: Unit-1.by river
bed of degrading
thethe rivers.
understand for a
classificationconditions
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the neat 1-8D,? 5-23D, Page3-2D,measurement 5-24D,
5-23D,
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between 4-10D, its and
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one
any
the
three Page Page Page
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river.
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Explain the 5.17,
sediment island one and Formati
and
Distinguish
any 1.6, the 3.1, about note
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5.19, 5.20, Differentiate
river vou note
Engineering
River are
4.4,
Discharge Submerged any andAggrading
1.2, 1.8, Favourable
Attempt Q.
method
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Q. Explain
Q. a Pitched Q. Q. Q.
do Kosgen
Q. Incised
Attempt Q.
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load. ReferWhat Refer ReferWrite Total ReferWrite Refer Refer
Refer ReferWhat Refer Write

2 Ane h Ane c. Ans a. I. II. Ans, e. i. ii. iii. i. ü. üi. 3. a. L. I. . D. 4.

Ang
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10)
10= floods.
passing
river 10)the
10) technique.
Explain alluvial
Solved
Paper
(2018-19) =
bridge
10=Explain 10
and from
(1x in
x
discharge (1 a
width occur for cities
? banks
restoration ?
bank protecting
meander that
bio-engineering
when guide
following: guide
works.
following: following: forms following:
:data
river cumecs
plain, Unit-2. the
Page
2-13D, Unit-5.
length, Unit-2. Unit-5.for
upstream
Unit-2.
Unit-2. Unit-3.
by restoration
Unit-3. Unit-4.bed forfollowing
flood theunderstandthe the detail. thegiven80000m mn
110.0 mn 1.10 5-12D,levees
5-16D,
2-19D,meander2-11D,
2-12D, and
Biologs
rootwads.
3-3D, between 9D, of types
of 4-2D, various of 100.0
4000.0
in msec. ofpart corridor.part in
Reach
and partdata =
thedischarge
= the of
3 = = factorPage Page
Page
Page river Page one of Page Page one them Page one having level
level
= be use
Enlist
various the following width
2.18, thea 64
2.12, 2.10, anyyoutypes
3.2,
Differentiate
3.8, any of 4.1,
2.14, any 5.8, the5.12,
netwould
flood
SP-16
(CE-Sem-7)
D for is
Compute twoQ.
Describe
channel. flood
Q. Explain
Lacey's Q.
through
Q. ReferQ. width Q. Attempt
do Q.
various Q. Attempt Refer
Q. Attempt Design
river Khadir
Refer
What Refer
Refer High
Low
Refer Refer What Refer anyRefer The
a
5. & b. L II. 6a b. 7. a. b
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