Scribd
Upload
5 views

Ichthyology Group 2

Uploaded by

arescomagyna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

Ichthyology Group 2

Uploaded by

arescomagyna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

CHAPTER IV

BASIC
FISH ANATOMY
Presented by :Group 2
1.- WHAT DO YOU THINK IS THE
MOST IMPORTANT PART OF A
FISH'S BODY?
2. HOW DO FISH FIND FOOD IN
WATER ?
3.HOW DO FISH PROTECT
THEMSELVES FROM
PREDATORS?
INTRODUCTION
-fish is composed of ten systems of
bodily organs that work together to make
up the whole individual.

cover the fish,


handle its food, and carry away wastes;
they provide for breathing and for
protection against injury

they support the body and enable


movement
GROSS EXTERNAL ANATOMY
Commonly the fish body is
torpedo-shaped (fusiform,
theoretically perfect streamlined Some are strongly flattened from side
form. Many fishes depart to side (compressed-butterflyfishes),
moderately to completely from the others,
foregoing generalized shape. These flattened but greatly elongated
departures range from globe (trachipteriform, ribbonfishes,
shapes (globiform-puffers, Tetra- Trachipteridae),
odontidae) through serpentine and still others, flattened from top to
(anguilliform-eels, Anguillidae), to bottom (depressed-the skates,
thread-like in outline (filiform- Rajidae, and the batfishes,
snipe eels, Nemichthyidae) ogcocephalidae, etc.).
GROSS EXTERNAL
ANATOMY
BODY COVERING
-an ordinary fish is
covered with a Scale morphology and the
relatively tough skin. numbers of scale rows
along or around the body
-The skin is continuous with
serve as specific and
the lining of all the body
generic characters.
openings and is transparent
as it runs over the surface of
the eye
Types of Scales Other Source:
APPENDAGES

-It is comprise the fins and the cirrhi (flaps of


flesh) which attain extreme development.
The fins are classified as median or paired.
Median Fins
Comprise of the
back (dorsal fin or
fins), the tail (caudal
fin), and the lower
edge of the body
just behind the vent
(anal fin).
Paired Fins
paired fins
are the
pectorals
and the
pelvics
(ventrals).
Openings
the mouth, the gill apertures (including the
spiracle in some primitive forms), and the vent
(anus)
.
Openings for the sense organs
narial apertures or nares
and variously distributed small sensory pores.
Mouth
is situated anteriorly on the
head,
in terminal position, but
adaptively its position may be
superior (opening dorsally) or
inferior (slightly to
prominently overhung by the
snout).
Gill Apertures
in the many fishes with gill
covers the operculate fishes-the
bony fishes in general) there is a
single opening on each side of https://www.nature.com/articles/srep00
the heads. Normally this
opening is in front of the
pectoral fin bases,
Openings
Anus
-Anus the anus or vent of a fish is
on the mid-ventral line of the body.
-behind the bases of the pelvic fins
and just in front of the anal fin.

the cloaca, which contains the exits


of the urinary and genital ducts, as
well as that of the intestine.

https://www.edrawmax.com/article/a-guide-to-understand-fish-with-diagram.h
Openings
Abdominal Pores
- open anteriorly in the vent of some fishes

Normally they are paired, one on each side


of the midline, although in some
individuals only one is present.
represent vestiges of exits for eggs and/or
sperms in ancestral forms.

However, the gas bladder opens


posteriorly through a pore near the anus.
https://quizlet.com/in/407318946/fishes-scoliodon-division-gnathosomata-superclass
pisces-classchondrichthes-diagram/
SENSORY ORGANS

-Nares
-Eyes
-Skin
Nares
one or two nares (nostrils on each side Other Sources:
of the snout (dirihous condition) leading
to a blind sac represent the organs of
smell externally among fishes. Snares (nostrils) help fish
Most fishes have the narial openings at
the top and sides (dorsolaterally) of the
locate prey, predators,
snout. and even water from far
away places
In others, such as the sharks, rays, and
skates (Elasmobranchii) the nares are on
the ventral surface of the snout.
Nares Shark

Lamprey (Agnathan Fish

Dipnoi (Gnathostome Fish


Eyes
the lidless eyes that cannot be closed are
situated in orbits, one on each side of the
midline of the fish head.
Most often the eyes are lateral. In many
bottom dwellers, including the skates
(Rajidae), most sculpins (Cottidae) and the
goosefishes (Lophiidae) the eyes are
dorsal.
In adults of the flounders and their
relatives (Pleuronectiformes) both eyes
are on one side of the head. The eyes are
variously reduced or absent in cavefishes
Skin Organs
.-a series of pore extending along each side in a
single row from the head to the caudal fin,
comprises the lateral line.

The lateral line system forms branches about the


head, including one above and one below the orbit
of each eye. In some fishes the pores and their
sensory organs widely scattered.

In a few fishes taste buds occur in the skin and


integumentary tactile sensory structures have
also been described in it; neither of these are
grossly visible.
Skeleton
EXTERNAL SKELETON FEATURES
-Membranous Skeleton

-Notochord
Membranous Skeleton
A connective tissue
At the level of the body cavity,
envelope joins the skin and the median or axial septum,
its appendages to the divides itself to surround the
underlying musculature vertebrae and then joins the
and firm skeletal elements. parietal peritoneum to pass
It continuous at the mid- ventrally along the inside of the
dorsal and mid- ventral body wall. Mid-ventrally, it
body lines with the median becomes visible as a white line
skeletogenous septum. . of connective tissue,
the line alba
SUBDIVISIONS OF MEMBRANOUS SKELETON
a. perineural sheath surrounds the central nervous system-its
outer layer is the dura mater and that most closely affixed to the
brain and spinal chord is the pia mater.
b. Pereneurium envelops nerves.
c. Perichondrium-wraps cartilage
d. Periosteum invests bone
e. Perimysium covers muscles.
f. Peritoneum covers organs of the body cavity (visceral
peritoneum) and lines the visceral cavity (parietal peritoneum).
g. Pericardium- covers the heart and lines the pericardial cavity.
h. Mesenteries support organs in the body cavity.
1. Tendons and ligaments attach certain muscles to one another
or to the firm skeleton.
Notochord
In some fishes including
-The notochord appears early in salmonoids, it is moniliform
embryonic development of fishes (resembling a string of beads); in
(and all other chordateso as
the sharks and relatives
elongated rod of tissue that lies in
the midline and axis of the body. (Chondrichthyes) this condition
results from the invasion of the
It may also be relatively very large perichordal sheath by cartilage.
(an adult, 4-foot sturgeon, Acipenser, In gnathostome fishes generally,
has one about 3.5 feet long and more
vertebral parts arise
than an inch in diameter).
. embryonically and variously in
the perichordal sheath.
1.- WHAT DO YOU THINK IS THE
MOST IMPORTANT PART OF A
FISH'S BODY?
2. HOW DO FISH FIND FOOD IN
WATER ?
3.HOW DO FISH PROTECT
THEMSELVES FROM
PREDATORS?
THANK YOU
THANK YOU

You might also like