COMPREHENSIVE EXAM PASSED 2024 development, fostering a positive learning

REVIEWER environment that encourages students to keep

striving for mastery.
MGS 169 Competency-Based Assessment In Physical
Education To make my assessment technique more fair and
supportive while still holding students
accountable, I would focus on providing regular
1. Scenario: In your Physical Education program,
you are using a competency-based assessment
check-ins and feedback throughout the learning
model to evaluate students' abilities in both process instead of just one final test. This way,
individual skills (e.g., running, swimming, or students can show their progress over time and
gymnastics) and team sports (e.g., basketball, get advice on areas they need to improve. I
soccer). You have noticed that some students have would break down the skills into smaller steps,
difficulty demonstrating certain competencies due to allowing students to master each part before
various factors such as anxiety, lack of prior moving on. For students who need extra time, I
experience, or personal circumstances. These would adjust deadlines or give them more
students may not meet the expected competency chances to show their skills, ensuring that
levels within the assessment time frame, even everyone has a fair opportunity to succeed.
though they show improvement over time.
Clear, helpful feedback would be given to
highlight both their improvements and areas for
• How would you approach the difficulty of
assessing students who fail to demonstrate
growth, encouraging them to keep working
competency but show progress over time? towards full competency.

• Discuss how you would change your In conclusion, reflective activities like self-
assessment technique to make it more fair and assessments help studpents track their progress
supportive, while still holding students accountable and understand their strengths and areas for
for fulfilling competency standards. improvement. Constructive feedback, focused on
specific actions and positive reinforcement,
• Explain how you would incorporate reflective encourages continued growth and motivates
activities for students, allowing them to track their students to work toward their goals. This
development and analyze their own competencies.
approach fosters a supportive and personalized
Also, explore how you would provide constructive
learning experience.
comments to encourage continued improvement.

In a competency-based assessment model, 2. Explain how competency-based

evaluating students who show progress but may assessment differs from previous
not meet the expected competency levels within assessment models, notably its emphasis on
the designated timeframe can present mastery learning and tailored pacing
challenges. Some students, due to factors like
anxiety, lack of prior experience, or personal Competency-based assessment is different
circumstances, may struggle to demonstrate full from traditional assessment models because
mastery of a skill or sport. However, it is essential it focuses on students mastering specific skills
to recognize their growth and improvement over
or knowledge before moving forward. In
time. By adopting a flexible, growth-oriented
traditional models, students are often tested
approach that emphasizes progress,
at set times, and everyone moves at the
individualized support, and holistic assessment,
educators can ensure that all students are given same pace, regardless of their understanding
fair opportunities to succeed. This approach of the material. Competency-based
values effort, perseverance, and continuous assessment, on the other hand, allows
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students to take the time they need to fully which can be measured objectively, traits like
learn a skill. They only progress when they teamwork and leadership are more
demonstrate that they have mastered the subjective and can be influenced by personal
concept. perception. This can lead to inconsistencies in
how different assessors might judge the same
This model emphasizes mastery learning, behaviors, making it harder to ensure fairness
meaning students must show a clear in the evaluation process.
understanding before advancing. It ensures
that students aren’t rushed through material Another challenge is the subjectivity involved
they haven’t fully grasped. In traditional in assessing difficult-to-quantify traits.
systems, students might pass a course Teamwork, for example, can be displayed in
without fully mastering the content, but in various ways, from communicating well with
competency-based learning, mastery is the others to showing support and
goal. This approach helps ensure that encouragement. However, it’s hard to
students are well-prepared for future measure these behaviors consistently. A
learning or real-world applications of the student who is more reserved may
skill. demonstrate strong teamwork in subtle ways,
while a more outgoing student might exhibit
Another key difference is the flexibility in different forms of leadership or
pacing. In traditional assessments, all sportsmanship. Without clear and specific
students are expected to follow the same criteria, these qualities can be interpreted
timeline, which may not suit everyone’s differently by different teachers, which can
learning style or speed. With competency- lead to varied outcomes that don't always
based assessment, students can move ahead reflect a student's true abilities or effort.
when they are ready, allowing for a more
personalized approach to learning. This To overcome these challenges, it’s important
pacing helps support students who need to develop clear, consistent rubrics that
more time to master certain skills while outline what each quality looks like in
allowing faster learners to progress without practice. These rubrics should include specific
unnecessary delays. behaviors and examples to help assessors
make objective judgments. Additionally,
3. Discuss the challenges of uniformity involving multiple assessors or peer
and subjectivity, particularly in judging evaluations can help reduce bias and increase
difficult-to-quantify characteristics like the reliability of assessments. While qualities
teamwork, leadership, and sportsmanship. like teamwork and leadership are inherently
harder to measure, a well-defined framework
One of the main challenges in competency- can provide a more fair and balanced
based assessment is achieving uniformity, approach to evaluating these important
especially when evaluating qualities like characteristics.
teamwork, leadership, and sportsmanship.
These characteristics can vary widely 5. Scenario: You are teaching a Physical
between students, making it difficult to apply Education course where students are expected to
a consistent standard across all individuals. demonstrate proficiency in various competencies,
such as motor skills, fitness, and tactical
Unlike skills such as running or swimming,
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understanding in a team sport (e.g., soccer). The practice opportunities, breaking skills down
class is diverse, with some students already into smaller steps, and providing more
demonstrating a high level of competency in the
individualized attention. I might also use peer
sport and others struggling to meet basic standards.
feedback or encourage group work, allowing
• How would you use competency-based students to learn from each other and build
assessment to ensure that students at various skill confidence. This ongoing support ensures
levels are properly assessed? that all students can continue to develop at
• Explain how you would utilize formative their own pace while receiving the help they
assessments to provide feedback and track progress
need to succeed.
throughout the unit, as well as how you would
modify your teaching approaches to assist students
who do not meet competency standards. To ensure fairness and motivation, I would
• Consider how you would ensure fairness and create a supportive environment where all
motivation for all students, including those who are students feel valued. Struggling students
struggling and thriving. would receive extra help and personalized
feedback, while thriving students would be
In a Physical Education class with students of
given more challenging tasks to stay engaged.
different skill levels, using competency-based
By recognizing individual progress and
assessment helps make sure each student is
offering both support and challenges, I would
assessed fairly based on their own abilities.
foster an atmosphere that motivates every
Instead of using the same standard for
student to reach their full potential.
everyone, this approach focuses on how well
students master specific skills, like motor
MGS 170 Alternative Assessment In Physical
skills, fitness, and tactics in sports like soccer.
Education
It allows students, whether they are just
starting or already skilled, to show their 1. Short Answer Questions. Answer 5 out of 7
progress and improvement at their own pace. questions in 100-150 words each. These questions
This way, every student is given a fair chance test your understanding of key concepts related to
to succeed while still meeting important alternative assessment in physical education.
goals.
• Define "alternative assessment" in physical
education. How does it differ from traditional
To provide ongoing feedback and track assessment methods such as written tests or skill
progress throughout the unit, I would use performance tests?
formative assessments such as skill drills, • What are some key advantages of using
mini-games, and observations during alternative assessments in physical education
practice. These assessments allow me to programs? How do these methods contribute to a
more holistic view of student learning?
check in regularly with each student, giving
• Describe the concept of "authentic
them immediate feedback on their strengths assessment" in physical education. Provide an
and areas for improvement. For example, if a example of an authentic assessment activity that
student is struggling with passing in soccer, I could be used to evaluate student performance in a
could provide specific guidance on technique team sport like basketball or soccer.
during a drill and observe their progress over • Discuss the role of self-assessment in
physical education. How can self-assessment be
time. If some students are not meeting
effectively implemented to encourage student
competency standards, I would modify my reflection and ownership of their learning?
teaching approach by offering additional
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• How does peer assessment differ from self- deeper understanding of their strengths and
assessment? What are the benefits and challenges weaknesses, which can lead to greater motivation to
of using peer assessment in physical education improve. This process empowers students to be
classes? active participants in their own learning journey,
• Explain how portfolios can be used as an fostering a sense of ownership and accountability.
alternative assessment tool in physical education. Regular self-assessment helps students stay focused
What would a physical education portfolio include, on their goals and drives continuous growth, both
and how can it be used to track student progress? physically and mentally.
• Discuss the role of observation in alternative
assessment in physical education. How can teachers In conclusion, observation plays a key role in
use observation to assess both skill development alternative assessment by helping teachers evaluate
and student attitudes or behaviors? both students’ skills and their attitudes or behaviors.
By observing students during activities, teachers can
Alternative assessment in physical education involves see how well they apply their skills in real-time,
methods like self-assessments, peer reviews, and collaborate with teammates, and respond to
observations to evaluate students in ways that go challenges. This allows teachers to assess not just
beyond traditional tests. Unlike traditional physical performance, but also qualities such as
assessments, which often focus solely on measuring teamwork, effort, and sportsmanship. Observation
skills or written knowledge, alternative assessments provides a richer and more detailed picture of a
consider factors such as effort, teamwork, and student's overall development, enabling teachers to
personal growth. These methods recognize give specific feedback that supports further growth.
important skills like communication, problem- It also ensures that all aspects of a student's
solving, and collaboration, which traditional tests performance are recognized and valued.
may miss. By offering various ways for students to
demonstrate what they’ve learned, alternative 2. Essay Questions. Choose 2 out of 4 essay
assessments cater to different learning styles and questions. Your response should be 500-700 words
strengths, ensuring a more inclusive and accurate for each essay. These essay questions assess your
evaluation of a student’s overall progress in physical ability to critically analyze and apply alternative
education. assessment strategies in physical education settings.

Authentic assessment in physical education means • Question 1: In alternative assessment,

evaluating students based on real-life tasks that student progress is often evaluated through real-
closely resemble what they would do in actual sports world tasks that mirror the skills needed for success
or physical activities. Rather than focusing only on in a specific sport or physical activity. Discuss the
isolated skills, authentic assessment looks at how advantages and disadvantages of using
well students can apply their knowledge and skills in performance-based assessments in physical
real-world situations. For instance, in a soccer game, education. How can these assessments be designed
students might be assessed on their ability to work to be both fair and challenging for students of
as a team, make smart decisions, and use their varying skill levels?
passing or shooting skills effectively during actual Performance-based assessments in physical
gameplay. This kind of assessment provides a more education have both advantages and disadvantages,
realistic and comprehensive view of how students but when designed well, they can be fair and
perform, showing their ability to transfer skills into a challenging for students at all skill levels. These
practical setting. assessments focus on real-life tasks that match the
skills needed for success in sports or physical
Self-assessment in physical education encourages activities, providing a better understanding of a
students to reflect on their own progress and take student’s abilities compared to traditional tests.
responsibility for their learning. It involves students
regularly evaluating how they are doing, setting Advantages of Performance-Based Assessments
personal goals, and identifying areas where they can
improve. By assessing themselves, students gain a
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One key advantage is that performance-based
assessments give a more accurate picture of a Designing Fair and Challenging Assessments
student's skills. In physical education, things like
teamwork, decision-making, and applying techniques To make performance-based assessments fair and
in real situations are hard to test with just written challenging for all students, teachers need to
exams. Performance-based assessments allow consider several things. First, the assessments should
students to show these abilities in activities like a clearly align with what students are expected to
soccer game, which reflects how they would perform learn, making sure all students are graded on the
in real-life situations. This helps teachers see the full same skills. This keeps the process fair by setting
range of a student’s skills, including both physical clear expectations for what students need to
abilities and teamwork. demonstrate.

Another advantage is that these assessments keep To ensure fairness, teachers can use different tasks
students engaged and motivated. When students are that match the skill level of each student. For
evaluated through tasks tied to real sports or example, in a soccer assessment, beginners might be
activities, they are more likely to be interested in asked to show basic skills like passing, while more
participating. This makes the learning process feel advanced students might be challenged with tasks
more relevant and exciting, and students take more like passing under pressure or making quick decisions
ownership of their progress. Performance-based in a game. This way, all students are challenged
assessments also cater to different learning styles, according to their abilities.
giving students a chance to show their strengths in
practical ways, especially for those who struggle with Finally, it’s important for teachers to give feedback
written tests. and allow students to improve. Performance
assessments should happen over time, with students
Disadvantages of Performance-Based Assessments reflecting on their progress and adjusting before the
final assessment. This helps reduce anxiety and gives
Despite the benefits, performance-based students a chance to learn from their mistakes,
assessments can also have some challenges. One making the assessment process more supportive.
problem is that they can take more time and effort to
set up, especially when real-life activities are In conclusion, performance-based assessments in
involved. For example, organizing a soccer game to physical education provide a realistic way to measure
assess students may require more planning and students’ abilities and encourage active learning.
space, which can be tricky in large classes. This However, to ensure fairness and accuracy, these
makes it harder to manage assessments fairly. assessments need to be designed carefully, keeping
in mind the students' skill levels. By aligning tasks
Another disadvantage is that performance with clear learning goals, offering feedback, and
assessments can be subjective, meaning teachers allowing students to improve, teachers can create a
must judge students based on their actions, which positive environment where all students can
may vary from teacher to teacher. For example, what succeed.
one teacher sees as good teamwork might be
different from another teacher’s view, leading to • Question 2: Many physical education
inconsistencies in grading. It can also be hard to programs face challenges in effectively assessing
measure things like effort or behavior fairly. student learning beyond physical skill. Discuss how
alternative assessment methods, such as project-
Lastly, some students may feel anxious or stressed based assessment, journals, or self-reflection, can
during performance-based assessments, especially if be used to evaluate cognitive and affective
they lack confidence in their skills or are less (attitudes, behaviors, values) aspects of physical
experienced. This can make it harder for them to education. Provide examples of how these
show their true abilities, affecting their grades. assessments can be integrated into a unit on health
Students who are nervous may struggle to perform and fitness.
their best, which may not fully reflect their progress.
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In physical education, it’s important to assess encourages them to think about how they can
students beyond just their physical skills. To get a improve and set goals for the future.
fuller picture of how students are learning, teachers Integrating Alternative Assessments into Health and
can use alternative assessment methods like project- Fitness Units
based assessments, journals, and self-reflection. These alternative assessments can be easily included
These methods help evaluate how well students in a health and fitness unit. For example, students
understand important concepts about health and could start with a project where they design a fitness
fitness, as well as how they feel and think about plan or make a presentation about a health topic.
these topics. By using these assessments, teachers Throughout the unit, they can keep a journal to track
can see the overall progress of students, not just their physical activity and reflect on how they feel
their abilities in sports or physical activities. about it. At the end of the unit, students can
Project-Based Assessment complete a self-reflection to evaluate their progress
Project-based assessments are a great way to test and set new goals for future fitness.
what students know and how they apply what By using project-based assessments, journals, and
they've learned. In a health and fitness unit, students self-reflection, teachers can get a more complete
might be asked to create a personalized fitness plan, view of how students are doing in physical education.
where they set goals and choose exercises to These methods allow students to take an active role
improve their health. This type of project helps in their learning, reflect on their progress, and set
students show their knowledge of fitness and personal goals. They help teachers see how students
nutrition, and it also lets them use what they've are growing not only physically but also in their
learned in real-life situations. For example, a student understanding of health and fitness, and their
could research the benefits of exercise and make a attitudes toward physical activity.
presentation about it. This method evaluates
students’ understanding of health topics and their MGS 168 Performance-Based
ability to apply these ideas in practical ways, such as Assessment In Physical
how to stay healthy and fit. Education
Journals
Journals are another helpful way for students to 1. Examine the theoretical
reflect on their learning. Students can use journals to foundations of performance-based
write about their experiences with physical activity, evaluation in physical education,
how they feel about exercise, and their daily habits. highlighting how it relates to learning
In a unit on health and fitness, students might track theories like experiential learning and
their physical activity, food choices, or emotional constructivism. Write a response that
reactions to different types of exercise. Journals critically analyzes the ways in which
allow students to think about their attitudes toward performance-based evaluation
promotes the growth of cognitive and
fitness, whether they enjoy exercising or struggle
motor abilities.
with staying motivated. Teachers can use the journal
entries to better understand how students feel about Performance-based evaluation in physical
their health and fitness and provide feedback on how education is deeply connected to learning
to improve their mindset or approach.
theories like experiential learning and
Self-Reflection
Self-reflection helps students think about their own constructivism. These theories emphasize the
growth and development. After a fitness unit, importance of active experience and hands-
students might be asked to write about what they on involvement in the learning process. In
learned, how much progress they made, and what physical education, performance-based
goals they want to set for the future. This encourages evaluation helps students develop both
students to take ownership of their learning and
cognitive (thinking) and motor (physical) skills
evaluate both their physical progress and personal
growth. Self-reflection also helps students build a by applying their knowledge and skills in real-
positive attitude toward challenges, such as when world situations.
they struggle with a certain exercise or habit. It
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Experiential learning, as proposed by David
Kolb, is a process where learning happens To integrate performance-based assessment with
overall educational goals and national physical
through direct experience. In physical
education standards, it’s important to ensure that
education, students engage in activities like assessments focus on the skills and knowledge
sports or fitness tasks, reflect on their required by both the standards and broader
performance, and then use that reflection to educational objectives. Performance-based
improve their skills. For example, when a assessments allow students to demonstrate their
student plays a game of soccer, they are not learning through real-life activities, ensuring that
their education is relevant and connected to both
only practicing skills like passing and shooting
physical education standards and general goals like
but also thinking about the strategies they teamwork, critical thinking, and health awareness.
use, such as positioning and teamwork. By Connecting to National Physical Education
reflecting on these experiences, students can Standards
understand what they did well and what National physical education standards focus on areas
needs improvement, which helps them grow like physical fitness, motor skills, personal
responsibility, and understanding health concepts.
both physically and cognitively.
Performance-based assessments directly measure
these skills in action. For instance, in a sport like
Constructivism, suggested by Jean Piaget and soccer, students might be evaluated on their ability
Lev Vygotsky, argues that learning is an active to pass, dribble, and shoot, as well as their
process where students build on what they understanding of strategy, teamwork, and fitness.
already know by engaging with new This aligns with the national standards, which focus
on developing physical abilities, learning tactics, and
experiences. In physical education, students
behaving responsibly in physical activities.
actively participate in physical activities and Performance-based assessments provide a clear way
solve problems as they happen. For example, to measure how well students meet these standards
while playing a sport, students must make by assessing both their physical skills and cognitive
decisions in real-time, which encourages understanding during a game or activity.
critical thinking and problem-solving. This Supporting Educational Goals
Performance-based assessments also help achieve
helps improve their cognitive abilities, such
broader educational goals, like developing problem-
as decision-making, while also refining their solving, collaboration, and personal responsibility.
motor skills. When students participate in activities, such as a
group fitness challenge or team sports, they not only
Overall, performance-based evaluation improve their physical skills but also learn to work
supports the growth of both motor and with others, set goals, and overcome challenges.
These are important life skills that go beyond just
cognitive skills by allowing students to
physical ability. For example, students might reflect
engage with real-life tasks. It encourages on their performance, set new fitness goals, or
them to reflect on their experiences, apply discuss how to improve as a team. This helps them
what they’ve learned, and continue develop both physically and mentally.
improving over time, making it an effective In conclusion, performance-based assessments help
way to promote overall student development connect physical education standards with
educational goals by allowing students to
in physical education.
demonstrate their learning in practical, real-life
situations. These assessments measure both physical
2. Consider how you would integrate this
and cognitive growth, promoting skills that will serve
performance-based assessment with overall
students throughout their lives.
educational goals and national physical education
standards.

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3. Explain how you would provide constructive contributions might go unnoticed if the assessment
comments to students throughout the evaluation only measures physical performance.
process to help them grow and learn.
Additionally, emotional outcomes such as
Providing constructive comments throughout the sportsmanship, communication, and resilience can
evaluation process is key to helping students grow be difficult to evaluate in a performance-based
and improve in physical education. First, I would setting. These qualities often require more nuanced
ensure that feedback is specific and focused on both observation over time, rather than being captured in
strengths and areas for improvement. For example, a single game or activity. As a result, students who
instead of saying "Good job," I would say, "Your excel in these areas but struggle with specific
passing technique was strong, but you could work on physical tasks may not be recognized for their
your foot placement to increase accuracy." This helps emotional and social contributions to the team.
students understand what they did well and what
they need to improve. To address this, teachers could incorporate other
forms of assessment, such as peer evaluations or
Additionally, I would provide feedback in a positive self-reflections, to capture a broader view of a
and encouraging tone, even when addressing areas student's emotional and social skills. This way,
for growth. For instance, "You showed great effort in performance-based evaluations can provide a more
the game, and with more practice on your stamina, complete picture of a student’s growth and abilities.
you can improve your endurance." This keeps
students motivated and shows them that 5. Scenario: You are evaluating the performance
improvement is possible with continued effort. of a group of students participating in a team sport
(e.g., soccer, volleyball) as part of a group
It’s also important to offer feedback regularly performance-based assessment. The assessment
throughout the evaluation process, not just at the includes both individual and group tasks such as skill
end. This can be done after each lesson or activity, execution, teamwork, and game strategy. However,
allowing students to adjust and improve in real-time. one student in the group consistently performs at a
Lastly, I would encourage self-reflection by asking high level in individual tasks but struggles to
students to assess their own performance, which contribute effectively in team-based tasks. The other
helps them take ownership of their learning and students in the group are performing well collectively
apply the feedback they receive. Through ongoing, but have lower individual skill levels.
supportive comments, students can continue to grow
both physically and mentally. • How would you rate and grade this student's
performance, taking into account both individual and
4. Explore how performance-based evaluations team contributions?
in Physical Education can sometimes fail to capture
the full range of a student's talents, especially when • In your assessment, explain how you would
evaluating affective or emotional outcomes such as balance individual performance with group
teamwork and leadership. dynamics, as well as how you would incorporate
Performance-based evaluations in physical education teamwork, leadership, and communication abilities.
often focus on observable skills and physical tasks,
but they may not fully capture a student’s emotional • What kind of feedback would you give to
and social abilities, such as teamwork and leadership. both the high-achieving children and the group as a
For example, while a student may excel in executing whole to encourage progress and collaboration?
physical skills, their ability to collaborate with
teammates or take on a leadership role might not be The student performs well in individual tasks,
easily observed in a game setting. In some cases, showing great skill in the sport, but struggles with
quieter students or those who may not be as team-based tasks. In grading this student, I would
athletically gifted could demonstrate strong give them a high grade for individual performance
leadership or positive teamwork, but their because they show strong technical ability. However,

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for team tasks, their grade would be lower due to
difficulties in collaborating effectively with the group.

In balancing individual performance with group

dynamics, it’s important to recognize that both
matter in team sports. While the student excels
individually, the ability to work well with others is
just as crucial. The group’s performance should be
judged not only on individual skills but also on how
well they communicate, support each other, and
work together toward shared goals. The student’s
individual excellence is valuable but must be applied
to the team setting to be fully effective.

For feedback, I would tell the student: “Your

individual skills are impressive, but you need to work
on connecting with your teammates. Communication
and teamwork are key in team sports. Try to help
your teammates more and be more involved in team
strategies.” For the group, I’d say: “You work well
together, but remember that improving individual
skills will make you even stronger as a team.” Both
the individual and group should focus on developing
both individual abilities and teamwork for future
success.

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