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Expectancy Theory

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24 views

Expectancy Theory

Uploaded by

nhatanhanh1234567
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Expectancy Theory

Expectancy theory suggests that motivation depends on individuals’ expectations about their
ability to perform tasks and receive desired rewards. Expectancy theory is associated with the
work of Victor Vroom, although a number of scholars have made contributions in this area.

E → P expectancy: involves determining whether putting effort into a task will lead to
high performance. For this expectancy to be high, the individual must have the ability,
previous experience, and necessary equipment, tools, and opportunity to perform.

P → O expectancy: involves determining whether successful performance will lead to


the desired outcome or reward. If the P → O expectancy is high, the individual will be
more highly motivated. If the expectancy is that high performance will not produce the
desired outcome, motivation will be lower.

Valence: is the value of outcomes, or attraction to outcomes, for the individual. If the
outcomes that are available from great effort and good performance are not valued by
employees, motivation will be low. Likewise, if outcomes have a high value, motivation will
be higher.

Expectancy theory attempts not to define specific types of needs or rewards, but only to
establish that they exist and may be different for every individual. One employee migh want
to be promoted to a position of increased responsibility, and another might have high valence
for good relationships with peers. Consequently, the first person will be motivated to work
hard for a promotion and the second for the opportunity of a team position that will keep him
or her associated with a group.

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