CAMBRIDGE COURT WORLD SCHOOL

XII
Physics
Alternating Current Revision sheet
1. If the rms current in a 50 Hz ac circuit is 5 A, the value of the current 1/300 seconds after its value becomes zero
is
(a) A (b) √ A (c) A (d) A
2. An alternating current generator has an internal resistance Rg and an internal reactance Xg. It is used to supply
power to a passive load consisting of a resistance Rg and a reactance XL. For maximum power to be delivered from
the generator to the load, the value of XL is equal to
(a) zero (b) Xg (c) – Xg (d) Rg

3. Which of the following graphs represent the variation of current (I) with frequency (f) in an AC circuit containing
a pure capacitor?

4. In an LR circuit connected to a battery of constant emf , switch S is closed at time . If denotes the
induced emf across inductor and the current in the circuit at any time , then which of the following graphs shows
the variation of with ?

5. An inductive circuit has zero resistance. When ac voltage is applied across this circuit, then the current lags
behind the applied voltage by an angle
(a) 30° (b) 45° (c) 90° (d) 0°

6. If an LCR circuit contains L = 8 henry; C = 0.5 F, R = 100 Ω in series. Then the resonant angular frequency will
be:
(a) 600 rad/s (b) 500 rad/s (c) 600 Hz (d) 500 Hz

7. When a voltage measuring device is connected to ac mains, the meter shows the steady input voltage of 220 V.
This means
(a) input voltage cannot be ac voltage, but a dc voltage.
(b) maximum input voltage is 220 V.
(c) the meter reads not V but < > and is calibrated to read
(d) the pointer of the meter is stuck by some mechanical defect.

8. To reduce the resonant frequency in an LCR series circuit with a generator

(a) the generator frequency should be reduced.
(b) another capacitor should be added in parallel to the first.
(c) the iron core of the inductor should be removed.
(d) dielectric in the capacitor should be removed.
9. In a pure capacitive circuit, the current
(a) lags behind the applied emf by angle (b) leads the applied emf by an angle
(c) leads the applied emf by angle (d) and applied emf are in same phase

10. In an ac circuit, the emf (ε) and the current (i) at any instant are given by
, –
Then average power transferred to the circuit in one complete cycle of ac is
(a) (b) (c) (d)

11. The average power dissipation in pure inductance is

(a) (b) (c) (d)

12. Electrical energy is transmitted over large distances at high alternating voltages. Which of the following
statements is incorrect?
(a) For a given power level, there is a lower current.
(b) Lower current implies less power loss.
(c) Transmission lines can be made thinner.
(d) It is easy to reduce the voltage at the receiving end using step-down transformers.

13. The reactance of a capacitance at 50 Hz is 5 Ω. If the frequency is increased to 100 Hz, the new reactance is
(a) 5 Ω (b) 10 Ω (c) 2.5 Ω (d) 125 Ω

14. In a pure inductive circuit, the current

(a) lags behind the applied emf by an angle
(b) lags behind the applied emf by an angle
(c) leads the applied emf by an angle
(d) and applied emf are in same phase

15. When an ac voltage of 220 V is applied to the capacitor C

(a) the maximum voltage between plates is 220 V.
(b) the current is in phase with the applied voltage.
(c) the charge on the plates is out of phase with the applied voltage.
(d) power delivered to the capacitor is zero.

16. In an ac circuit, voltage V and current i are given by

V = 100 sin 100 t volt
i = 100 sin (100t + π/3) mA
The power dissipated in the circuit is
(a)104W (b) 10 W (c) 2.5 W (d) 5 W

17. Which of the following combinations should be selected for better tuning of an LCR circuit used for
communication?
(a) R = 20 Ω, L = 1.5 H, C = 35 μF (b) R = 25 Ω, L = 2.5 H, C = 45 μF
(c) R = 15 Ω, L = 3.5 H, C = 30 μF (d) R = 25 Ω, L = 1.5 H, C = 45 μF

18. An inductor of reactance 1 Ω and a resistor of 2 Ω are connected in series to the terminals of a 6 V (rms) ac
source. The power dissipated in the circuit is
(a) 8 W (b) 12 W (c) 14.4 W (d) 18 W

19. The potential differences across the resistance, capacitance and inductance are 80 V, 40 V and 100 V
respectively in an L-C-R circuit, the power factor for this circuit is
(a) 0.4 (b) 0.5 (c) 0.8 (d) 1.0
20. The output of a step-down transformer is measured to be 24 V when connected to a 12 watt light bulb. The
value of the peak current is
(a) A (b) A (c) 2 A (d) A

21. The phase difference between the current and the voltage in series LCR circuit when power factor unity is

(a) (b) (c) (d)

22. The selectivity of a series LCR ac circuit is large, when
(a) L is large and R is large (b) L is small and R is small
(c) L is large and R is small (d) L = R

Assertion/Reason
1. Assertion (A): An alternating current of frequency 50 Hz becomes zero, 100 times in one second.
Reason (R): Alternating current changes direction and becomes zero twice in a cycle.

2. Assertion (A): Capacitor serves as a block for DC and offers an easy path to AC.
Reason (R): Capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to frequency.

3. Assertion (A): When capacitive reactance is smaller than the inductive reactance in LCR circuit, emf leads the
current.
Reason (R): The phase angle is the angle between the alternating emf and alternating current of the circuit.

4. Assertion (A): A capacitor of suitable capacitance can be used in an AC circuit in place of the choke coil.
Reason (R): A capacitor blocks DC and allows AC only.

5. Assertion (A): An inductance and a resistance are connected in series with an AC circuit. In this circuit the
current and the potential difference across the resistance lags behind potential difference across the inductance by
an angle .
Reason (R): In LR circuit voltage leads the current by phase angle which depends on the value of inductance and
resistance both.

6. Assertion (A): In series LCR resonance circuit, the impedance is equal to the ohmic resistance.
Reason (R): At resonance, the inductive reactance exceeds the capacitive reactance.

7. Assertion (A): An alternating current does not show any magnetic effect.
Reason (R): Alternating current does not vary with time.

8. Assertion (A): In series LCR-circuit, the resonance occurs at one frequency only.
Reason (R): At resonance, the inductive reactance is equal and opposite of the capacitive reactance.

9. Assertion (A): 220 V, 50 Hz appliance implies that emf across the appliance should be 220 V.
Reason (R): Every appliance is specified with its peak Tolerable voltage.

10. Assertion (A): The quantity L/R possesses the dimension of time.
Reason (R): In order to reduce the rate of increase of current through a solenoid, we should increase the time
constant.

11. Assertion (A): A transformer can’t work on DC supply

Reason (R): DC changes neither in magnitude nor in direction.

12. Assertion (A): Soft iron is used as a core of transformer.

Reason(R): Area of hysteresis is loop for soft iron is small.
13. Assertion (A): A variable capacitor is connected in series with a bulb through AC source if the capacitance of
variable capacitor is decrease the brightness of bulb is reduced.
Reason (R): The reactance of capacitor increase if capacitance is reduced.

14. Assertion (A): Average value of AC over a complete cycle is always zero.
Reason (R): Average value of AC is always defined over half cycle.

15. Assertion (A): When capacitive reactance is smaller than the inductive reactance in LCR circuit, emf leads the
current.
Reason (R): The phase angle is angle between alternating emf and alternating current of the circuit.

Subjective
1. Define power factor. State the conditions under which it is (i) maximum and (ii) minimum.

2. (a) A 44 mH inductor is connected to 220 V, 50 Hz ac supply. Determine the rms value of current in the circuit.
(b) What is the net power absorbed by the circuit in a complete cycle?

3. A coil of inductance 0.50 H and resistance 100 Ω is connected to a 240 V, 50 Hz ac supply.

(a) What is the maximum current in the coil?
(b) What is the time lag between the voltage maximum and the current maximum?

4. Explain why current flows through an ideal capacitor when it is connected to an ac source but not when it is
connected to a dc source in a steady state.

5. In a series LCR circuit, VL = VC ≠ VR . What is the value of power factor for this circuit?

6. The power factor of an ac circuit is 0.5. What is the phase difference between voltage and current in this circuit?

7. What is wattless current?

8. Mention the two characteristic properties of the material suitable for making core of a transformer.

9. A light bulb and a solenoid are connected in series across an ac source of voltage. Explain, how the glow of the
light bulb will be affected when an iron rod is inserted in the solenoid.

10. A 60 W load is connected to the secondary of a transformer whose primary draws line voltage. If a current of
0.54 A flows in the load, what is the current in the primary coil? Comment on the type of transformer being used.

11. Explain why the reactance provided by a capacitor to an alternating current decreases with increasing
frequency.

12. Explain why the reactance offered by an inductor increases with increasing frequency of an alternating voltage.

13. Show that the current leads the voltage in phase by in an ac circuit containing an ideal capacitor.

14. State the underlying principle of a transformer. How is the large scale transmission of electric energy over long
distances done with the use of transformers?

15. An electric lamp connected in series with a capacitor and an ac source is glowing with of certain brightness.
How does the brightness of the lamp change on reducing the (i) capacitance and (ii) frequency?

16. A resistor of and a capacitor of are connected in series to a 220 V, 50 Hz ac supply.

(a) Calculate the current in the circuit.
(b) Calculate the (rms) voltage across the resistor and the capacitor. Do you find the algebraic sum of these voltages
more than the source voltage? If yes, how do you resolve the paradox?

17. The primary coil of an ideal step up transformer has 100 turns and transformation ratio is also 100. The input
voltage and power are 220 V and 1100 W respectively. Calculate
(a) the number of turns in the secondary coil.
(b) the current in the primary coil.
(c) the voltage across the secondary coil.
(d) the current in the secondary coil.
(e) the power in the secondary coil.

18. An inductor L of reactance XL is connected in series with a bulb B to an ac source as shown in figure. Explain
briefly how does the brightness of the bulb change when (i) number of turns of the inductor is reduced (ii) an iron
rod is inserted in the inductor and (iii) a capacitor of reactance XC = XL is included in the circuit.

19. A device ‘X’ is connected to an ac source. The variation of voltage, current and power in one complete cycle is
shown in the figure.
(a) Which curve shows power consumption over a full cycle?
(b) What is the average power consumption over a cycle?
(c) Identify the device ‘X’.

20. (i) Draw the graphs showing variation of inductive reactance and capacitive reactance with frequency of applied
ac source.
(ii) Can the voltage drop across the inductor or the capacitor in a series LCR circuit be greater than the applied
voltage of the ac source? Justify your answer.

21. (a) An ac source of voltage V = V0 sin ωt is connected to a series combination of L, C and R. Use the phasor
diagram to obtain expressions for impedance of the circuit and phase angle between voltage and current. Find the
condition when current will be in phase with the voltage. What is the circuit in this condition called?
(b) In a series LR circuit XL = R and power factor of the circuit is P1. When capacitor with capacitance C such that
XL = XC is put in series, the power factor becomes P2. Calculate .

22. (a) An alternating voltage V = Vm sin ωt applied to a series LCR circuit drives a current given by i = im sin (ωt +
ϕ) . Deduce an expression for the average power dissipated over a cycle.
(b) For circuits used for transporting electric power, a low power factor implies large power loss in transmission.
Explain.

23. (a) With the help of circuit diagram, describe the principle and working of an ac generator. Hence, obtain an
expression for the instantaneous value of the emf generated. What is the source of energy generation in this device?
(b) The coil of an ac generator consists of 100 turns of wire, each of area 0.5 m2. The resistance of the wire is 100
Ω. The coil is rotating in a magnetic in a magnetic field of 0.8 T perpendicular to its axis of rotation, at a constant
angular speed of 60 radian per second. Calculate the maximum emf generated and power dissipated in the coil.

24. (a) Draw the diagram of a device which is used to decrease high ac voltage into a low ac voltage and state its
working principle. Write four sources of energy loss in this device.
(b) A small town with a demand of 1200 kW of electric power at 220 V is situated 20 km away from an electric
plant generating power at 440 V. The resistance of the two wire line carrying power is 0.5 Ω per km. The town gets
the power from the line through a 4000-220 V step-down transformer at a sub-station in the town. Estimate the line
power loss in the form of heat.

25. A 2 μF capacitor, 100 W resistor and 8 H inductor are connected in series with an ac source.
(i) What should be the frequency of the source such that current drawn in the circuit is maximum? What is this
frequency called?
(ii) If the peak value of emf of the source is 200 V, find the maximum current.
(iii) Draw a graph showing variation of amplitude of circuit current with changing frequency of applied voltage in a
series LRC circuit for two different values of resistance R1 and R2 (R1 > R2).

26. Calculate the self-inductance of a coil using the following data obtained when an AC source of frequency ( )
Hz and a DC source applied across the coil.

Answers (MCQ)
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (d) 11. (d) 12. (c) 13. (c) 14. (b) 15. (d) 16. (c) 17. (c) 18.
(c) 19. (c) 20. (a) 21. (d) 22. (c)

Answers (A/R)
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (b) 11. (a) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (b)