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10 views

sheet 2 solution

Uploaded by

ahmed.sayed012834
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Department : electrical renewable engineering

department

Academic level: Level 4


Faculty of Engineering Course title:Biomass and waste conversion technolog
Course code:ERE323
Instructor :Dr:Mohamed Sabr.
Teaching assistant: Eng:Aya Sameeh
Semester :second 2023-2024
Solution of sheet(2)

1)What is the biogas composition?


• Biogas means a gas formed by carbon dioxide and methane from
breakdown of organic materials such as manure.

2)What about anaerobic digestion in biogas production?


• Biogas Digestion is the process of taking biogas to produce electricity,
heat, or hot water. . Bacteria breaks down manure or other waste
products to create biogas. Products may be fed into the chamber such as
manure or the container could be used to cover a place that is already
giving off biogas such as a swamp or a landfill.

3) - State the steps of these processes in details: hydrolysis,


acidogensis, acetogensis and methanognsis.

Temperature must be kept between 65


degrees and 150 degrees
4 Types of bacteria breakdown the
waste
1) Hydrolytic breaks organic
material to simple sugar and
amino acids( hydrolysis)
2) Fermentative then converts to
organic acids(acetogensis)
3) Acidogenic convert to carbon dioxide, acetate, and
hydrogen(acidogenesis)
4) Methanogenic produces biogas(methanognsis)
3)what are the sources of biogas?
1) Wetlands
2) Sewage Sludge
3) Landfills
4) Plant Material
5) Animal Waste

4)State the types of digester types in details and drawings.


1) Complete Mix Digester – Are larger vessels that can either be above or
below ground. They are used for larger amounts of manure.
2) Plug Flow Digester- Is used for ruminant animal manure and requires
little maintenance.
3) fixed film digester – “a tank designed as part of a manure management
system to handle manure up to 3 percent solids. The digester is
temperature controlled and a media is placed inside the digester.
4) temperature-phased anaerobic digester (TPAD) – “two tanks designed as
part of a manure management system. The digesters are heated, the first
digester in the thermophilic temperature range and the second digester in
the mesophilic temperature range.
5) covered lagoon digester – “an anaerobic lagoon is commonly used when
manure has less than 2 percent solids. Decomposition of the manure
occurs, methane is produced and effluent odor is reduced.
6) A landfill gas-to-energy – “consists of a series of wells drilled into the
landfill. A piping system connects the wells and collects the gas. Dryers
remove moisture from the gas, and filters remove impurities

5)What are the processes of biohydrogen production?


6)Calculate the number of cows and digester size required to provide
energy for cooking and water heating in a home with four persons. The
daily end-use energy demands are 20 MJ/day for cooking and 55 MJ/day
for water heating ,Assume the biogas yield per unit dry mass input is 0.22
m3/kg for cow, dry matter input per cow is 2 kg/ day, and the density of
dry matter in the digester fluid is 50 kg/m3, the retention time of the
digester fluid (tf= 20 days), the calorific value of Methane is 28 MJ/m3 and
fraction of methane in biogas (fm= 0.7).
7)Calculate the number of animals and digester size required to provide
energy for cooking, water heating, and lighting in a home with six persons.
The daily end-use energy demands are 30, 45, and 20 MJ/day for cooking.
Water heating and lighting, respectively. Assume the biogas yield per unit
dry mass input is 0.3 and 0.2 m3/kg, respectively for cow and cattle, dry
matter input per cow and cattle are 2 and 0.5 kg/ day, respectively, and
the density of dry matter in the digester fluid is 50 kg/m3 for all, the
retention time of the digester fluid (tf= 40 days), the calorific value of
Methane is 28 MJ/m3 and fraction of methane in biogas (fm= 0.62).

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