Balancing of Rotating Masses

Introduction

The high speed of engines and other machines is a common phenomenon now-a-
days. It is, therefore, very essential that all the rotating and reciprocating parts
should be completely balanced as far as possible.
1-Balancing of a Single Rotating Mass By Two Masses Rotating in
Different Planes

We have discussed in the previous article that by introducing a single balancing

mass in the same plane of rotation as that of disturbing mass, the centrifugal forces
are balanced.
A- When the plane of the disturbing mass lies in between the planes of the two
balancing masses
B- When the plane of the disturbing mass lies on one end of the planes of the balancing
masses
 3-Balancing of Several Masses Rotating in the Same Plane

Consider any number of masses (say four) of magnitude m1, m2, m3 and m4 at distances of
r1, r2, r3 and r4 from the axis of the rotating shaft. Let θ1, θ2,θ3 and θ4 be the angles of these
masses with the horizontal line OX, as shown in Fig. (a). Let these masses rotate about an axis through O and
perpendicular to the plane of paper, with a constant angular velocity of ω rad/s.

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 3-Balancing of Several Masses Rotating in the Same Plane
A- Analytical method
 Graphical method

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Graphical method
Example: Four masses m1, m2, m3 and m4 are 200 kg, 300 kg, 240 kg and 260 kg respectively. The corresponding
radii of rotation are 0.2 m, 0.15 m, 0.25 m and 0.3 m respectively and the angles between successive masses are
45°, 75° and 135°. Find the position and magnitude of the balance mass required, if its radius of rotation is 0.2 m.
Example: Four masses m1, m2, m3 and m4 are 200 kg, 300 kg, 240 kg and 260 kg respectively. The corresponding
radii of rotation are 0.2 m, 0.15 m, 0.25 m and 0.3 m respectively and the angles between successive masses are
45°, 75° and 135°. Find the position and magnitude of the balance mass required, if its radius of rotation is 0.2 m.
Example: Four masses m1, m2, m3 and m4 are 200 kg, 300 kg, 240 kg and 260 kg respectively. The corresponding
radii of rotation are 0.2 m, 0.15 m, 0.25 m and 0.3 m respectively and the angles between successive masses are
45°, 75° and 135°. Find the position and magnitude of the balance mass required, if its radius of rotation is 0.2 m.
Balancing of Rotating Masses…
Balancing of Several Masses Rotating in the Different Planes
(Analytical Method)
A B C D
Fm la
Fc
lb
lc
Fb
ld
Fa

d
Fl
Fd
L, M
End view
Ref plane side view of the planes

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Balancing of Rotating Masses…
Balancing of Several Masses Rotating in the Different Planes
(Analytical Method)

Plane Mass Radius Force / 2, Dist. From Couple / 2

M r M r =F , ref plane Mrl =C
( kg) (cm) (kg. cm) l , (cm) (kg cm 2)
A Ma ra Mara -la -Mara la
L (Ref) Ml rl Ml rl 0 0
B Mb rb Mbrb lb Mbrb lb
C Mc rc Mcrc lc Mcrc lc
M Mm rm Mmrm d Mmrmd
D Md rd Mdrd ld Mdrdld

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Balancing of Rotating Masses…

Fc
Fm =?
Cc
Fd
Fb
Fc
Fa Cb Fm
Cd Ca
Fl=Ml rl Fb

F l =? Cm=Mmrmd Fa
Couple polygon Force polygon
Fd
From couple polygon, by measurement, Cm = Mm X r m X d
From force polygon, by measurement, Fl = Ml X rl

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Balancing of Rotating Masses…
Example :
 A shaft carries four masses in parallel planes A,B,C,&D in
this order. The masses at B & C are 18 kg & 12.5 kg
respectively and each has an eccentricity of 6 cm. The
masses at A & D have an eccentricity of 8 cm. The angle
between the masses at B & C is 100 o and that between B &
A is 190o both angles measured in the same sense. The
axial dist. between planes A & B is 10cm and that between B
& C is 20 cm. If the shaft is complete dynamic balance,
Determine,
1 masses at A & D
2. Distance between plane C &D
3. The angular position of the mass at D

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Balancing of Rotating Masses…
18 kg
A B C D
10 cm  =100o  =190 o

20 cm
12.5 kg

ld End view
Ma

Plane Mass Radius Force / 2, Dist. Couple / 2

M r Mr, From ref Mrl
kg cm kg. cm plane kg cm 2
l , cm
A Ma=? 8 8 Ma 0 0
B 18 6 108 10 1080
C 12.5 6 75 30 2250
D Md=? 8 8 Md ld=? 8 Md ld

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Balancing of Rotating Masses…
A B C D 18 kg

10 cm  =100o  =190 o

20 cm
12.5 kg
Md
ld
Ma

Couple polygon force polygon

75
2,250
108 8 Md =63.5 kg. cm
1080
d= 203o
8 Ma = 78 kg .cm
8 Md ld= 2312 kg cm 2
O
O

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Balancing of Rotating Masses…
From the couple polygon,

By measurement, 8 Md ld= 2,312 kg cm 2

M = 2312 / 8 = 289 kg cm
d ld
d= 203o
From force polygon,

By measurement, 8 Md = 63.5 kg cm

8 Ma = 78.0 kg cm

Md = 7.94 kg

Ma = 9.75 kg

ld = 289 /7.94 = 36.4 cm

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Example: A shaft carries four masses A, B, C and D of magnitude 200 kg, 300 kg, 400 kg and 200 kg respectively and revolving
at radii 80 mm, 70 mm, 60 mm and 80 mm in planes measured from A at 300 mm, 400 mm and 700 mm. The angles between
the cranks measured anticlockwise are A to B 45°, B to C 70° and C to D 120°. The balancing masses are to be placed in planes
X and Y. The distance between the planes A and X is 100 mm, between X and Y is 400 mm and between Y and D is 200 mm. If
the balancing masses revolve at a radius of 100 mm, find their magnitudes and angular positions.
Given : mA = 200 kg ; mB = 300 kg ; mC = 400 kg ; mD = 200 kg ; rA = 80 mm= 0.08m ; rB = 70 mm = 0.07 m ; rC = 60 mm = 0.06
m ; rD = 80 mm = 0.08 m ; rX = rY = 100 mm = 0.1 m

Let,
mX = Balancing mass placed
in plane X, and
mY = Balancing mass placed in
plane Y.

Assuming the mass A as

Horizontal.
 First of all, draw the couple polygon from the
data given to some suitable scale.
 The vector d o represents the balanced
 couple.

 The angular position of the mass mY is obtained

by drawing OmY parallel to vector d o .
 By measurement, the angular position of mY is
ΘY = 12 in the clockwise direction from mass
mA (i.e. 200 kg ).

 Now draw the force polygon from the data

given in Table (column 4).
 The vector eo represents the balanced force.
Since the balanced force is proportional to 0.1
mX, therefore by measurement,

 The angular position of the mass mX is obtained

by drawing OmX parallel to vector eo.
 By measurement, the angular position of mX is
ΘX = 145 in the clockwise direction from mass
mA (i.e. 200 kg ).