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TEST BOOKLET

G.S. PRE. (2025) MINI TEST – 5499

C
Time Allowed: One Hour Maximum Marks: 100

INSTRUCTIONS

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provided alongside. Do NOT write anything else on the Test Booklet.

4. This Test Booklet contains 50 items (Questions). Each item is printed in English. Each item comprises four
responses (answers). You will select the response which you want to mark on the Answer Sheet. In case you
feel that there is more than one correct response with you consider the best. In any case, choose ONLY ONE
response for each item.

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answers sheet.

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responses marked by you in the answer sheet. For every incorrect response 1/3rdof the allotted marks will be
deducted.

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fill in some particulars in the answer sheets as per instruction sent to you with your Admission Certificate.

8. After you have completed filling in all responses on the answer sheet and the examination has concluded, you
should hand over to Invigilator only the answer sheet. You are permitted to take away with you the Test
Booklet.

9. Sheet for rough work are appended in the Test Booklet at the end.

DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO

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1. Consider the following statements regarding 4. Consider the following statements:
Shadow zones of earthquakes: 1. The linear distance of a degree of
1. P-waves are not detected beyond 104° latitude at the pole is slightly longer than
degrees from the focus due to refraction at the equator.
at the mantle-core boundary. 2. At extreme latitudes, the mid day sun is
2. S waves cannot pass through the solid usually referred to as polar day.
outer core and are not detected between Which of the statements given above is/are
105-145 degrees from the focus. correct?

Which of the statements given above is/are (a) 1 only

correct? (b) 2 only

(a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
5. In the context of the geomorphological
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
forces acting on landforms, the term
enrichment refers to the:
2. Winter Solstice happens in the Northern
(a) pulverisation of material in order to
Hemisphere when:
obtain minerals.
(a) the South Pole is tilted away from the
(b) accumulation of material due to
Sun
deposition.
(b) the North Pole is tilted away from the
(c) emergence of landforms due to exogenic
Sun
forces.
(c) the Sun's rays are directly overhead at
(d) concentration of valuable material due to
the Tropic of Cancer
weathering.
(d) the Northern Hemisphere experiences
the longest day
6. Which of the following statements is correct
regarding tsunamis?
3. Consider the following statements: (a) A tsunami is a long tidal wave caused by
1. A time zone is a region of the globe that earthquakes or volcanic eruptions under
observes uniform standard time. the ocean.
2. Time along a particular latitude always (b) Earthquakes of less than 5 magnitude are
remains the same. very unlikely to trigger a tsunami.
3. India follows 82.5 degrees West (c) When a tsunami wave enters shallow
Meridian as the standard reference. water its wavelength and height
How many statements given above are increase.
correct? (d) Tsunami causes devastation near the
(a) Only one coast of the sea as the speed of the sonic
(b) Only two waves generated at the epicentre is
(c) All three directly proportional to the distance
(d) None between the coast and epicentre.

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7. Which of the following is/are proof(s) of the 10. In the context of the evolution of life on
sphericity of the Earth? earth, arrange the following vertebrate
1. Possible circumnavigation of the earth species in the chronological order of
without a steep fall. evolution:
2. Different times of sunrise and sunset at 1. Fishes
different places on earth. 2. Reptiles
3. Amphibians
3. Shape of earth's shadow during a lunar
4. Mammals
eclipse.
Select the correct answer using the code
Select the correct answer using the code
given below.
given below.
(a) 1-2-3-4
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1-2-4-3
(b) 1 and 3 only (c) 1-3-2-4
(c) 2 only (d) 2-1-4-3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
11. With reference to plate tectonics theory,
8. Consider the following statements about the consider the following statements
lifecycle of stars: 1. It was proposed by American geologist
1. The red giant phase marks the youngest Harry Hess in 1961
phase of a star's life. 2. Plates are composed of both continental
2. Our sun and stars of similar size and and oceanic crust.
mass will die to form neutron stars. 3. The movement of the hot softened
3. The Chandrasekhar limit is the mantle below the crust causes the plate
movement.
maximum mass that a stable white dwarf
Which of the statements given above are
star can attain before it collapses into a
correct?
neutron star or a black hole.
(a) 1 and 2 only
How many of the statements given above are
(b) 2 and 3 only
correct?
(c) 1 and 3 only
(a) Only one (d) 1, 2 and 3
(b) Only two
(c) All three 12. In the context of Solar Storms, consider the
(d) None following statements:
1. Solar storms are caused by explosions
9. With reference to seismology, 'earthquake on the surface of the sun, known as solar
swarms' refer to a flares.
(a) series of low magnitude earthquakes 2. Solar storms can disrupt Earth's
occurring in a localized area over a magnetic field.
period of time. 3. The intensity of solar storms goes
through cycles of activity and cycles last
(b) series of high magnitude earthquakes
about 6 years.
occurring in a contiguous area at the
Which of the statements given above is/are
same time.
correct?
(c) low-intensity earthquake caused due to
(a) 1 only
mine collapse.
(b) 2 and 3 only
(d) minor earthquake occuring at transform
(c) 1, 2 and 3
faults between two plates. (d) 1 and 2 only
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13. Which among the following landforms is/are 16. Which of the conditions is/are prevalent in
formed at transform plate boundaries? the Northern Hemisphere on the Summer
Solstice?
1. Faults
1. The North Pole is tilted towards the sun.
2. Oceanic Trench 2. The sun is vertically over the Tropic of
3. Volcanoes Cancer.
Select the correct answer using the code 3. The Nights are longer than the days.
4. Along the Arctic Circle, a day is 24
given below.
hours long and there is no sunset.
(a) 1 and 2 only Select the correct answer using the code
(b) 2 and 3 only given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d) 2 only (c) 1, 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
14. Consider the following statements about
17. Consider the following pairs:
landforms:
Type Meaning
1. Cinder 1. Meteoroids : A shooting star that
2. Composite cone enters Earth’s
3. Phacolith atmosphere and
burns up
4. Crater
2. Meteors : Rock still in space
5. Sills 3. Meteorites : A meteoroid that
Which of the landforms given above are hits the ground
without burning up
extrusive volcanic landforms?
How many of the above pairs are correctly
(a) 1, 4 and 5 only matched?
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only (a) Only one pair
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only (b) Only two pairs
(c) All three pairs
(d) 2, 3 and 5 only
(d) None of the pairs

15. Which of the following statements is/are 18. Consider the following statements regarding
correct regarding the igneous rocks? the interior of the earth:
1. Nickel and iron are the main mineral
1. They can form beneath as well as on the
constituents of the earth's crust.
surface of the earth. 2. Asthenosphere is a mechanically weak
2. They are devoid of fossils. zone of molten rock in the upper mantle
of Earth.
3. Quartzite and granite are igneous rocks.
3. The core is made up of material mostly
Select the correct answer using the code
constituted by silica and alumina.
given below. Which of the statements given above is/are
(a) 1 and 2 only not correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 only (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
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19. With reference to chaibagaan time, consider 21. Consider the following pairs:
Object/ Description
the following statements:
Location
1. It is a daylight schedule introduced by 1. Goldilocks : Habitable zone around a

British tea planters in Assam. zone star where the

temperature is neither
2. It was set one hour ahead of Indian
too hot nor too cold.
Standard Time for tea estates, collieries, 2. Kuiper Belt : Region of icy bodies
between Mars and
and oil industry of Assam.
Jupiter.
Which of the statements given above is/are 3. Oort Cloud : A giant spherical shell
surrounding the solar
correct?
system.
(a) 1 only 4. Lagrange Point where
(b) 2 only point gravitational forces of
two large bodies, equal
(c) Both 1 and 2
the centrifugal force of
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 the smaller third body.
Which of the pairs given above are correctly
matched?
20. As per the theory of Plate tectonics, the (a) 1 and 2 only

cycle of convection cell is responsible for (b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1, 3 and 4 only
the movement of the plates. The sources of
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
heat within the earth responsible for this
22. Consider the following statements regarding
cycle of convection cells are:
the endogenic forces:
1. Radioactive decay 1. Diastrophic movements are gradual and

2. Residual heat from Earth's formation might stretch for thousands of years.
2. Epeirogenic movements are radial
3. Solar radiation
movements.
Select the correct answer using the code 3. Orogenic movements act tangentially to
the earth surface.
given below.
Which of the statements given above are
(a) 2 only correct?
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 2 only (c) 1, 2 and 3

(d) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 2 only

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23. With reference to the Big Bang Theory, 26. Consider the following statements:
which of the following statements is not 1. Kuiper belt is made up of remnants of
correct? planets with frozen gases, rocks, and
(a) According to this theory, all matter debris material.
forming the universe existed in one 2. The Oort Cloud is extremely distant
place. region of space that is believed to
(b) During the process, energy was contain a vast number of icy objects,
converted into matter. including comets.
(c) Temperature of the universe increased Which of the statements given above is/are
with the expansion of universe. correct?

(d) According to the theory, the universe (a) 1 only

(b) 2 only
continues to expand to the present day.
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
24. Consider the following statements:
1. Entire India observes overhead sun on
27. Consider the following pairs:
the summer solstice of the northern
Discontinuity Between
hemisphere.
1. Mohorovicic : Upper and Lower Mantle
2. As compared to northern India, southern
2. Gutenberg : Crust and Mantle
India experiences high temperatures
throughout the year with small daily and 3. Lehmann : Inner and Outer core

annual ranges. How many of the pairs given above are

Which of the above can be attributed to the correctly matched?

(a) Only one
passing of the Tropic of Cancer roughly
(b) Only two
through the central part of India?
(c) All three
(a) 1 only
(d) None
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
28. With reference to the magnetic field, which
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
of the following statements is/are correct?
1. The direction of field lines is from the
25. Consider the following statements:
north pole to the south pole inside the
1. A Lunar eclipse occurs only when the
magnet.
sun and the moon are located on
2. The relative strength of the magnetic
opposite sides of the Earth.
field is shown by the degree of closeness
2. If the Moon's orbit around the Earth is
of the field lines.
not tilted compared to the Earth's orbit, 3. No two field lines are found to cross
Lunar eclipse would occur every month. each other.
Which of the statements given above is/are Select the correct answer using the code
correct? given below.
(a) 1 only (a) 1 only
(b) 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) 1 and 2 only
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29. Consider the following statements regarding 33. In the context of geomorphology, which of
the longitudes: the following volcanic landforms is/are
1. The distance between them decreases extrusive in nature?
steadily polewards. 1. Lacolith
2. All meridians meet at the poles. 2. Lava Mesa
3. They all are of an equal length. 3. Dykes
4. The Prime Meridian is located at 0°
Select the correct answer using the code
longitude.
given below.
How many of the following statements are
(a) 2 only
correct?
(b) 3 only
(a) Only one
(c) 1 and 3 only
(b) Only two
(d) 1 only
(c) Only three
(d) All four
34. In the context of an earthquake, consider the

30. Consider the following mass extinctions: following statements regarding body waves
1. Permian-Triassic extinction and surface waves:
2. Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction 1. Body waves are generated at the focus
3. Ordovician-Silurian extinction and move in all directions.
4. Late Devonian extinction 2. Surface waves are more destructive than
Arrange the following mass extinctions in body waves.
chronological order? 3. The velocity of waves is higher denser
(a) 3-4-1-2 material.
(b) 3-4-2-1 Which of the statements given above are
(c) 1-2-4-3 correct?
(d) 1-2-3-4 (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
31. The red soil of India has been formed due to
(c) 1 and 3 only
the weathering of
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(a) brown forest soil in areas of low rainfall.
(b) sandstone and quartzite in areas of high
35. A cricket match between India and England
rainfall.
will start on 1st October at 10:30 PM Indian
(c) crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low
Standard Time in Delhi. At what time, the
rainfall.
(d) shale and limestone in areas of high same match would be seen live in Manila
rainfall. (Philippines) which is situated at 120° East
longitude?
32. If you are traveling westward across the Note: It does not take into account daylight
International Date Line, how does your saving time along with other seasonal
calendar date change? factors.
(a) It moves one day ahead. (a) 1st October, 2:30 PM
(b) It moves one day behind (b) 2nd October, 1:00 AM
(c) It remains the same. (c) 1st October, 9:00 AM
(d) It skips two days. (d) 2nd October, 10:30 AM
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36. Consider the following statements with 39. Consider the following statements regarding
reference to the body waves: Nebular Hypothesis:
1. The denser the material, the lower the 1. It explains the formation of planets from
velocity.
a cloud of material associated with a
2. The P-waves can travel through gaseous,
liquid, and solid materials. youthful sun.
3. The S-waves cannot travel through 2. Immanuel Kant is one of the major
liquid material but it can travel through contributors to this theory.
solid and gaseous material. Which of the statements given above is/are
How many of the statements given above are
correct?
correct correct?
(a) 1 only
(a) Only one
(b) Only two (b) 2 only
(c) All three (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) None (d) Neither 1 nor 2

37. Consider the following statements :

40. Consider the following statements:
Statement I : Maximum number of solar
1. While a lunar eclipse can occur twice a
eclipses in a year is 2.
Statement II : Earth's orbit is elliptical in year, a solar eclipse occurs only once a
shape. year.
Which one of the following is correct in 2. A solar eclipse always takes place on the
respect of the above statements? summer solstice of the Northern
(a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
Hemisphere.
correct and Statement-II is the correct
Which of the statements given above is/are
explanation for Statement-I
(b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct?
correct and Statement-II is not the (a) 1 only
correct explanation for Statement-I (b) 2 only
(c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is (c) Both 1 and 2
incorrect
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II
is correct
41. Consider the following statement regarding
38. Consider the following statements with the asthenosphere:
reference to the motions of the earth: 1. This layer is the main source of magma.
1. The circle of illumination coincides with 2. The density of the asthenosphere is
the axis of earth on the full moon night.
lower than that of the lithosphere.
2. On 21st March, the geographic north
3. The ductility of the asthenosphere is
pole is tilted towards the sun.
3. The speed of the earth’s rotation higher than that of the lithosphere.
decreases towards the poles. How many of the statements given above are
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
not correct? (a) Only one
(a) 2 and 3 only
(b) Only two
(b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 2 only (c) All three
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (d) None
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42. Consider the following statements regarding 45. Consider the following statements about the
the planets in our solar system: International Date Line (IDL):
1. It is an imaginary straight line which is
1. The terrestrial planets were formed in
diametrically opposite to the Greenwich
the close vicinity of the parent star.
Meridian.
2. Jovian planets were formed much earlier 2. A ship crossing the IDL from east to
than the terrestrial planets. west gains a day.
3. Mars is a jovian planet. 3. It has no legal international status.
Which of the statements given above is/are
How many of the statements given above are
correct?
correct? (a) 3 only
(a) Only one (b) 2 only
(b) Only two (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1 and 2 only
(c) All three
(d) None
46. Consider the following statements:
1. During equinoxes, all parts of the world
43. What type of rocks are most commonly have equal days and nights.
found in geosynclines? 2. Equinoxes occur during the months of
June and December every year.
(a) Igneous rocks
Which of the statements given above is/are
(b) Metamorphic rocks correct?
(c) Sedimentary rocks (a) 1 only
(d) All of the above (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
44. Consider the following statements regarding
geomorphic processes: 47. Milankovitch Cycles are related to which of
1. The exogenic forces derive their energy the following?
mainly from within the earth while the (a) Sunspot cycle
(b) Variations in the Earth's eccentricity,
endogenic forces derive their energy
axial tilt, and precession
from the atmosphere. (c) Period of continental drift
2. The actions of exogenic (d) Geo-magnetic reversal cycle of Earth
forces continuously elevate the parts of
48. Only one side of the moon is visible to a
the earth’s surface, while actions of
person on earth because:
endogenic forces leads to wearing down
(a) the moon lies in the geosynchronous
of relief and filling up of depressions. orbit of the earth.
Which of the statements given above is/are (b) the speed of rotation of the moon is the
correct? same as that of the earth.
(c) the speed of revolution of the moon is
(a) 1 only
the same as that of the earth.
(b) 2 only (d) the moon takes the same time to
(c) Both 1 and 2 complete one spin as for the revolution
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 of the earth.
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49. With reference to Longitudes and Standard
Time Zones, consider the following
statements:
1. The entire world is divided into fifteen
time zones.
2. All countries have adopted their standard
time from the central meridian of their
countries.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

50. Consider the following statements with

reference to total solar eclipse:
1. It occurs when the sun and the moon are
exactly in line with the earth and the
moon completely obscures the sun.
2. It occurs about every year and a half
somewhere on earth.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

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1. Consider the following statements : 3. Consider the following pairs:
Statement-I: Name of Tropical Region
Cyclones
Rainfall is one of the reasons for weathering 1. Typhoons : Indian Ocean
of rocks. 2. Cyclones : South China Sea
Statement II: 3. Hurricane : United States of
America
Rain water contains carbon dioxide in
4. Willy-willy : Australia
solution. Which of the pairs given above is/are
Statement-III: correctly matched?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
Rain water contains atmospheric oxygen.
(b) 1 and 2 only
Which one of the following is correct in (c) 3 and 4 only
respect of the above statements ? (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

(a) Both Statement-II and Statement-III are

4. With reference to Black Carbon, consider
correct and both of them explain the following statements:
Statement-I 1. It is a gaseous substance that results
from the incomplete combustion of
(b) Both Statement-II and Statement-III are
fossil fuels and biomass.
correct, but only one of them explains 2. It remains in the atmosphere for a
Statement-I shorter period of time and contributes to
climate change.
(c) Only one of the Statements II and III is
3. It lowers the albedo of Earth’s surface
correct and that explains Statement-I that causes temperature rise.
(d) Neither Statement-II nor Statement-Ill is Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
correct
(a) 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
2. In the context of the formation of soil (c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
consider the following statements:
1. Climatic factors influence the rate of 5. Consider the following statements regarding
weathering. forces affecting the movement of wind:
1. In the movement of wind the Coriolis
2. Flora, fauna, and micro-organisms affect
force acts parallel to the direction of the
the rate of humus formation. pressure gradient force.
3. Parent rocks determine the texture and 2. When there is no friction and the
pressure gradient force is balanced by
permeability of soil.
the Coriolis force, the resultant wind is
Which of the statements given above is/are known as the geostrophic wind.
correct? Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) 1, 2 and 3
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6. In the neighbourhood of the Aleutian Islands 9. With reference to a temperature inversion,
in the Pacific Ocean and between Greenland consider the following statements:
and Iceland in the Atlantic Ocean low- 1. It can be observed in ice-covered areas
as these areas have a high albedo.
pressure centres are found due to which
2. It leads to a stable stratification of air
pressure belt?
that prevents or retards vertical air
(a) Equatorial low pressure belt motion.
(b) Sub-tropical high pressure belt 3. The stability of the night-time
(c) Sub-Polar low pressure belt temperature inversion is usually
(d) Polar High pressure belt destroyed after sunrise.
Which of the statements given above are
correct?
7. Consider the following statements about
(a) 1 and 2 only
tropical cyclones: (b) 2 and 3 only
1. Their energy depends on the (c) 1 and 3 only
temperature, humidity and density (d) 1, 2 and 3
differences of the air masses.
2. During strong El Niño years, strong 10. Consider the following statements regarding
"O" horizon found in soil profile:
cyclones occur in the eastern Pacific
1. It largely consists of minerals with very
ocean regions.
little organic material.
3. Low vertical wind shear inhibits the 2. It is generally absent in forested areas.
development of towering cumulonimbus Which of the statements given above is/are
clouds and the cyclonic vortex. not correct?
Which of the statements given above is/are (a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
correct?
(c) Both 1 and 2
(a) 2 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only 11. Consider the following statements regarding
(d) 3 only Earth's Heat Budget:
1. The amount of Heat energy that Earth
8. In the context of The Northern Plains, radiates back into space is greater than
the amount of heat energy it absorbs
Bhabar is best described as:
from the Sun.
(a) the belt where most of the streams
2. The sun emits the heat in short-wave
remerge without having any properly radiation and the earth emits back in
demarcated channels. long-wave radiation.
(b) the belt having of old and new alluvial 3. The amount of energy that is reflected
deposits. known as the Earth's albedo is about
30%.
(c) the belt where streams and rivers coming
Which of the statements given above are
from mountains deposit heavy material
correct?
of rocks and boulders. (a) 1 and 2 only
(d) the belt having characteristic features of (b) 2 and 3 only
mature stage of fluvial erosional and (c) 1 and 3 only
depositional landforms. (d) 1, 2, and 3
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12. Consider the following statements regarding 14. Consider the following statements regarding
the geomorphic movements: the structure of the atmosphere:
1. Mudflows occur frequently on the slopes 1. The troposphere reaches its maximum
thickness around the 30-degree latitudes,
of erupting or recently erupted
both north and south of the equator.
volcanoes.
2. The zone separating the stratosphere
2. Debris avalanche is the characteristic of from the troposphere is known as the
humid regions with or without stratopause.
vegetation cover. 3. The ionosphere is located above the
3. No geomorphic agents like running mesopause.
water, glaciers, wind, waves, and Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
currents do not participate in the process
(a) 1 and 2 only
of mass movements.
(b) 1 only
How many statements given above are (c) 2 and 3 only
correct? (d) 3 only
(a) Only one
(b) Only two 15. Consider the following statements :
(c) All three 1. Clear sky, calm air, high relative
humidity, and cold and long nights are
(d) None
ideal conditions for formation of Dew.
2. For the formation of dew, it is necessary
13. Consider the following statements:
that the dew point is below the freezing
Statement-I: The western disturbances point.
arriving in India have either delayed or Which of the statements given above is/are
weakened in the past few years. correct?
Statement-II: During December month, sub- (a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
tropical westerly jet streams have been
(c) Both 1 and 2
shifting northwards.
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Which one of the following is correct in
respect of the above statements? 16. With reference to the alluvial soils of India,
(a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are consider the following statements:
correct and Statement - II is the correct 1. They are depositional soils, transported
explanation for Statement-I and deposited by rivers and streams.
2. They are generally rich in phosphorus
(b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
but poor in potash.
correct and Statement - II is not the
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct explanation for Statement-I
correct?
(c) Statement-I is correct but statement - II (a) 1 only
is incorrect (b) 2 only
(d) Statement -I is incorrect but Statement - (c) Both 1 and 2
II is correct (d) Neither 1 nor 2

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17. Consider the following statements related to 20. Consider the following statements :
Erosion of rocks- 1. An air mass is a body of air covering a
1. Erosion refers to the process of relatively wide area exhibiting
disintegration of rocks but not the approximately uniform physical
transporation. properties.
2. Running water, glacier and wind are 2. In an air mass there is negligible vertical
agents of erosion. variation in temperature and moisture.
3. Erosion is an in-situ process. 3. When two contrasting warm and cold air
4. Erosion is responsible for formation of masses meet they form a front.
different landforms. Which of the statements given above are
Which of the following statements are correct?
correct? (a) 1 and 2 only
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 4 (c) 1 and 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 3
(d) 2, 3 and 4
21. These are produced when coriolis force is
18. Consider the following statements with balanced by the pressure gradient. They flow
reference to a particular climatic region: parallel to the isobars in the middle latitudes
1. The summer is dry and warm, while aloft in the troposphere. They do not occur
there is rainfall in winter. near the surface of the earth due to the
2. Trees have small broad leaves and are presence of frictional force.
widely spaced leading to the absence of Which of the following is best described by
shade. the passage given above?
3. This climate favours viticulture and wine (a) Sub-tropical jet streams
production is an economic activity here. (b) Trade winds
Which of the following climatic regions best (c) Geostrophic winds
reflects the above-mentioned features? (d) Westerlies
(a) Equatorial climate
(b) Polar climate 22. With reference to the soils, which of the
(c) Savanna climate following statements is not correct?
(d) Mediterranean climate (a) Calcification of soil occurs in arid or
semi-arid environment where potential
19. The red soil of India has been formed due to evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation.
the weathering of (b) Eluviation of soil involves the deposition
(a) brown forest soil in areas of low rainfall. of nutrients and organic material at
(b) sandstone and quartzite in areas of high uppermost horizons.
rainfall. (c) Podzol soil profiles are associated with
(c) crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low coniferous vegetation.
rainfall. (d) Gleying of soil occurs in very wet or
(d) shale and limestone in areas of high waterlogged soils under anaerobic
rainfall. conditions.
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23. With reference to landforms of arid region, 26. Which of the following statements regarding
which of the following is NOT a correct the laterite soils of India are correct?
statement? 1. They are normally heavy and black in
(a) Wind is the most effective agent of colour.
erosion, transportation and deposition in 2. They are rich in organic matter and
arid region. humus.
(b) Mechanical weathering is more visible 3. They are well-developed in areas with
in the arid region in comparison to high temperature and high rainfall.
chemical weathering. 4. They are widely cut as bricks for use in
(c) Zeugen and Yardangs are erosional house construction.
landforms in desert region. Select the correct answer using the code
(d) Playa lake has low percentage of salt. given below.
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
24. Consider the following statements: (b) 2, 3 and 4 only
1. In the lower courses of the northern (c) 1 and 4 only
plains, velocity of the river decreases (d) 3 and 4 only
due to gentle slope and riverine islands
are formed. 27. With reference to the Inter-Tropical
2. Riverine islands are formed in the lower Convergence Zone (ITCZ), consider the
courses due to fluvial erosion activity in following statements:
the upper reaches of the Himalayan 1. It is a low pressure zone located at the
Mountains. equator where trade winds converge.
3. Brahmaputra plains are known for their 2. In winter, the ITCZ moves northward,
riverine islands and sand bars. and so the reversal of winds from south
Which of the statements given above is/are and southwest to northeast, takes place.
correct? Which of the statements given above is/are
(a) 1 and 3 only correct?
(b) 2 and 3 only (a) 1 only
(c) 3 only (b) 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
25. Consider the following statements with
respect to cloudbursts: 28. With reference to monsoons in India,
1. Cloud bursts are typically associated consider the following statements:
with cumulonimbus clouds. 1. Strengthening of Somali Jet stream gives
2. The occurrence of cloud bursts is rise to strong monsoon over peninsular
primarily influenced by orographic India.
lifting. 2. Tropical Easterly Jetstream dissipates
3. Cloud bursts are more common in arid completely from the Indian Subcontinent
regions with low humidity levels. during the monsoon break conditions.
How many of the statements given above are Which of the statements given above is/are
correct? correct?
(a) Only one (a) 1 only
(b) Only two (b) 2 only
(c) All three (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) None (d) Neither 1 nor 2
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29. With reference to temperate cyclones, 32. Consider the following local winds:
consider the following statements: 1. Harmattan/ Doctor winds
1. Precipitation associated with the warm 2. Foehn
front is of short duration. 3. Chinook
2. Precipitation associated with cold fronts 4. Bora
is always in the form of a thunder How many of the above are the Warm Local
shower. Winds?
Which of the statements given above is/are (a) Only one
correct? (b) Only two
(a) 1 only (c) Only three
(b) 2 only (d) All four
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 33. Arrange the following gases in decreasing
order of their share in the atmosphere.
30. With reference to the photochemical smog, 1. Carbon Dioxide
consider the following statements: 2. Oxygen
1. It occurs in a cool humid climate. 3. Hydrogen
2. It is formed by the action of sunlight on 4. Argon
unsaturated hydrocarbons and nitrogen Select the correct answer using the code
oxides. given below.
3. Ozone is an important component of (a) 2-1-4-3
Photochemical smog. (b) 2-4-1-3
Which of the statements given above are (c) 4-2-1-3
correct? (d) 2-3-1-4
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only 34. Which of the following statements is/are
(c) 1 and 3 only correct in reference to Black Cotton Soil of
(d) 1, 2 and 3
India?
1. They develop in areas with high
31. Which of the following agents/actions can
temperature and high rainfall.
result in the formation of Plateaus?
2. They are rich in nitrogen and
1. Wind
phosphorous.
2. Fluvial action
3. They retain moisture for a very long
3. Glacial action
time.
4. Plate tectonics
Select the correct answer using the code
Select the correct answer using the code
given below.
given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(a) 1 and 4 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(b) 1, 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
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35. With reference to the Inter-Tropical 38. Which of the following statements best
Convergence Zone (ITCZ), consider the describes the formation of 'cavum clouds'?
following statements: (a) They are formed when aircraft pass
1. It is an area where air tends to descend. through layers of altocumulus clouds.
2. In July, ITCZ is located around 20°S- (b) They are formed due to the intense
25°S. convection associated with the
3. Shift in ITCZ causes the trade winds of Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ),
the southern hemisphere to cross the resulting in the formation of large cloud
equator. holes.
4. At ITCZ, Coriolis force is almost zero. (c) They are formed due to the condensation
How many statements given above are of water vapor at high altitudes, creating
correct? visible formations in the sky.
(a) Only one (d) They are formed as a result of the Polar
(b) Only two Vortex interacting with atmospheric
(c) Only three moisture, causing localized cloud
(d) All four disruptions.

36. Which of the following is the primary factor 39. Cirque, Arete and Bergschrund are
that determines the type of precipitation that (a) landforms of Karst topography
falls to the ground? (b) landforms of glacial origin
(a) The temperature at the cloud level. (c) fluvial landforms
(b) The wind speed at the cloud level. (d) arid landforms
(c) The humidity level at the ground level.
(d) The altitude of the cloud. 40. Consider the following statements regarding
weathering and mass movement:
37. Consider the following statements regarding 1. Weathering is a pre-requisite for a mass
the Polar Vortex : movement.
1. It is a large area of high pressure and 2. Running water, glaciers, wind, waves
cold air surrounding both of the Earth’s and currents are the primary cause of
poles. mass movements.
2. It appears in winter every year and 3. The chemical decomposition of rocks is
disappears by summer. not considered weathering.
Which of the statements given above is/are Which of the statements given above is/are
correct? not correct?
(a) 1 only (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only (b) 3 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (c) 2 and 3 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) 1, 2 and 3
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41. In the context of geography, which of the 44. With reference to Hot Deserts, consider the
following statements is not correct regarding following statements:
fronts? 1. They are found in high pressure belts.
(a) The higher the temperature difference 2. Warm Ocean current flows along the
between two air masses the lower the coast of hot desert.
thickness of the front formed between 3. Normally, rainfall occurs in these
them. regions is convectional.
(b) Fronts are the typical features of mid- Which of the statements given above is/are
latitudes. correct?
(c) The weather along a cold front is violent (a) 1, and 2 only
with drop in temperature and heavy (b) 1, and 3 only

showers. (c) 2, and 3 only

(d) A warm front moves up to twice as (d) 1, 2 and 3

quickly as a cold front.

45. Consider the following description :
1. Annual and daily range of temperatures
42. In the context of fluvial erosion, river
is low.
capture occurs when:
2. Precipitation occurs throughout the year.
(a) both the rivers have similar discharge
3. Precipitation varies between 50 cm –
and sediment loads.
250 cm.
(b) one river has a higher discharge and
What is this type of climate ?
eroding power than the other.
(a) Equatorial climate
(c) there are no geological faults or fractures
(b) China type climate
in the area.
(c) Humid subtropical climate
(d) the rivers are located in arid desert
(d) Marine West coast climate
regions.

46. With reference to lightning, consider the

43. Consider the following statements with
following statements:
respect to anticyclones:
1. Lightning can occur between opposite
1. They are more common in the
charges within the thunderstorm cloud or
subtropical high-pressure belts.
between opposite charges in the cloud
2. 2.They are generally associated with
and on the ground.
rainless fair weather.
2. Lightning can strike the ground in an
3. 3.They are much larger in size and area
open field even if the tree line is close
than temperate cyclones.
by.
Which of the statements given above are Which of the statements given above is/are
correct? correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only (b) 2 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) 1 and 3 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
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47. Consider the following pairs: 49. Consider the following statements regarding
Local storm Characteristics the shelf clouds:
1. Mango Shower : Pre-monsoon shower 1. They are often associated with calm and
in the Ganges Plains stable weather conditions.
2. Loo : Hot and dry winds in 2. They are formed when a cold
Coastal Plains updraft from a cumulonimbus cloud
3. Kalbaishakhi : Thunderstorms in reaches the tropopause.
Bengal and Assam 3. They are also known as Arcus clouds.
region How many statements given above are
Which of the above pairs is/are correctly correct?
matched? (a) Only one
(a) 3 only (b) Only two
(b) 1 and 3 only (c) All three
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) None
(d) 1, 2 and 3
50. Consider the following statements:
48. Consider the following statements regarding 1. Formation of dew is more likely to take
Equatorial Evergreen Forest: place on a cloudy night due to high
1. They have buttress roots to support the humidity.
heavy and tall trees. 2. Radiation fog forms during winters
2. Vegetation is characterized by distinct as cooling of the ground leads to
vertical stratification. saturation of the air.
3. The soil is very rich in nutrients and Which of the statements given above is/are
humus. correct?
How many of the above statements are (a) 1 only
correct? (b) 2 only
(a) Only one (c) Both 1 and 2
(b) Only two (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) All three
(d) None

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1. Consider the following statements regarding 4. Red and Yellow soils are widely prevalent in
the Himalayan and Peninsular rivers: the Deccan Plateau. With reference to these
1. The peninsular rivers exhibit greater soils, consider the following statements:
meandering tendencies and shift their 1. They develop on crystalline igneous
course more frequently than the rocks in areas of low rainfall.
Himalayan rivers.
2. The reddish color of the soil is due to the
2. Himalayan rivers form a dendritic
diffusion of Iron.
pattern in plains while peninsular rivers
Which of the statements given above is/are
form trellis, radial and rectangular
correct?
patterns.
Which of the statements given above is/are (a) 1 only
correct? (b) 2 only
(a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2
(b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 5. With reference to Andaman and Nicobar
Islands, consider the following statements:
2. With reference to the formation of the rock 1. Ritchie's Archipelago belongs to the
system, arrange the following rock system in Andaman group of islands.
chronological order:
2. Narcondam Island is the only oceanic
1. Cuddapah rock system
island of volcanic origin in India.
2. Dravidian rock system
3. Landfall Island is the northernmost
3. Dharwar rock system
island of the Andaman and Nicobar
4. Gondwana rock system
Select the correct answer using the code Islands.
given below. Which of the statements given above are
(a) 2-1-3-4 correct?
(b) 4-1-3-2 (a) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1-2-4-3 (b) 2 and 3 only
(d) 3-1-2-4 (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
3. With reference to the Indus river, consider
the following statements:
6. Consider the following statements with
1. It originates from a glacier in the Kailash
reference to a river:
Mountain range.
1. It originates in the ‘Raksas tal’ near
2. The Satluj is the largest tributary of the
Mansarovar lake in Tibet.
Indus.
3. The Indus flows in India only through 2. It is an antecedent river.
the Union Territory of Jammu and 3. It passes through the Shipki La pass.
Kashmir. Which one of the following rivers has been
Which of the statements given above is/are described by the above-given
correct? characteristics?
(a) 1 and 2 only (a) Indus
(b) 2 and 3 only (b) Satluj
(c) 1 only (c) Beas
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (d) Ravi
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7. Which of the following statements is/are 10. Consider the following statements:
correct regarding the Indian Ocean Dipole 1. The Deccan plateau gets low rainfall due
(IOD)? to the rain shadow effect of Western
1. It refers to the difference in sea surface ghats.
temperature between a western pole in 2. Alignment of Aravalis is one of the
the Arabian Sea and an eastern pole in reasons for less rainfall in Rajasthan.
the Bay of Bengal. Which of the statements given above is/are
2. During the positive phase of IOD, correct?
cooler-than-normal sea surface (a) 1 only
conditions occur in the Arabian Sea. (b) 2 only
3. A negative IOD index can negate the (c) Both 1 and 2
effect of ENSO, resulting in increased (d) Neither 1 nor 2
monsoon rains.
Select the correct answer using the code 11. In the context of the Indian monsoon,
given below. consider the following statements:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 1. The monsoon rainfall has a declining
(b) 1 only trend with decreasing distance from the
(c) 2 and 3 only sea.
(d) None 2. The variability of rainfall is among the
highest in the northern part of Jammu
8. Which of the following islands is the largest and Kashmir.
of the Lakshadweep islands? Which of the statements given above is/are
(a) Andrott Island correct?
(b) Agatti Island (a) 1 only
(c) Kavaratti Island (b) 2 only
(d) Minicoy Island (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
9. Consider the following statements regarding
the Himalayas: 12. Consider the following statements regarding
1. Himalayas are structurally fold mountain the Andaman and Nicobar Islands:
ranges running in a west-east direction. 1. Andaman Islands and Nicobar Islands

2. Generally, the width of the Himalayas are separated by the Ten-degree channel.

increases as one moves from west to 2. These islands are an elevated portion of

east. submarine mountains.

3. The altitudinal variations are greater in 3. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands lie in
the South-east direction to the mainland
the eastern half than those in the western
of India.
half.
How many of the above statements are
How many of the statements given above are
correct?
correct?
(a) Only one
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(c) All three
(d) None
(d) None
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13. Consider the following statements regarding 15. With reference to Western Disturbances,

the drainage patterns: consider the following statements:

1. More than seventy-five percent of
1. The tributaries of a dendritic drainage
annual precipitation over the North-West
pattern join the main stream at nearly
Indian region is associated with Western
right angles.
Disturbances.
2. A radial pattern is found in areas with a 2. It may lead to dense or very dense fog
central uplift and outward-flowing events.

streams. 3. Precipitation from the western

disturbances is very vital for the Rabi
3. Trellis pattern develops where hard and
Crop over northwest India.
soft rocks exist parallel to each other.
Which of the statements given above is/are
How many statements given above are not
correct?
correct? (a) 1 and 2 only
(a) Only one (b) 2 and 3 only

(b) Only two (c) 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) All three

(d) None
16. Consider the following statements regarding
Southern Oscillation in El Nino and
14. Consider the following statements regarding Southern Oscillation(ENSO):
tropical cyclones: 1. Its strength is measured in the Southern

1. In the Arabian Sea, most of the storms Oscillation Index (SOI) which is
computed from the fluctuations in air-
do not sustain due to high divergence
pressure differences between Tahiti and
created by the EL Niño Modoki.
Darwin.
2. When a pair of tropical cyclones form on
2. El Niño episodes are associated with
each side of the equator, they are called negative values of the SOI, meaning that
as hybrid cyclones. the pressure at Tahiti is relatively low

3. The Madden-Julian Oscillation can compared to Darwin.

3. When the Walker circulation enters its
influence tropical cyclone numbers and
El Niño phase, the SOI is strongly
strengths in nearly all ocean basins.
negative.
Which of the statements given above is/are
How many statements given above are
correct? correct?
(a) 1 only (a) Only one

(b) 1 and 3 only (b) Only two

(c) All three
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) None
(d) 3 only
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17. The drainage pattern of an area depends 20. ‘Shompen tribes’ recently seen in news are
upon which of the following factors: from which state/UT?
1. geological time period (a) Arunachal Pradesh
2. structure of rocks
(b) Assam
3. amount of water flowing
(c) Lakshadweep
4. periodicity of the flow
(d) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Select the correct answer using the code
given below.
(a) 1, 2 and 4 only 21. With reference to the Indian Ocean Dipole
(b) 1 and 3 only (IOD), consider the following statements:
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only 1. It is characterized by differences in sea
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 surface temperatures (SSTs) between the
western and eastern Indian Ocean.
18. With reference to the tributaries of Ganga,
2. Negative IOD can lead to increased
consider the following statements:
rainfall and atmospheric convection over
1. Both Alaknanda and Bhagirathi
originate from Satopanth glacier. the eastern Indian Ocean, Indonesia, and
2. Kali Ganga joins Alaknanda at Karna northern Australia.
Prayag. Which of the statements given above is/are
3. Son is the longest left bank tributary of not correct?
Ganga (a) 1 only
Which of the statements given above is/are
(b) 2 only
correct?
(c) Both 1 and 2
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) None of the above 22. The general elevation ranges between 700-
1,000 m above the mean sea level and it
19. With reference to drainage patterns slopes towards the north and northeastern
occurring in India, consider the following
directions. Most of the tributaries of the river
statements:
Yamuna have their origin In this region. An
1. Son and Narmada rivers follow the
eastern extension is formed by the Rajmahal
radial drainage pattern.
2. Ganga and Brahmputra rivers follow a hills, to the south of which lies a large
trellis drainage pattern. reserve of mineral resources in the
3. Manipur river draining into Loktak Lake Chotanagpur plateau. In the West, its
follows the centripetal pattern of extension can be seen as far as Jaisalmer.
drainage. Which of the following is best described in
Which of the statements given above are
the passage given above?
correct?
(a) Deccan Plataeu
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) Central Highlands
(b) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 only (c) Maikal ranges
(d) 2 and 3 only (d) The Eastern Ghats

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23. Why the majority of peninsular rivers 26. Consider the following pairs regarding the
fall into Bay of Bengal? regional division of Indian Himalayas:
(a) Submergence of western part of Region between Name
Peninsular in Arabian sea during the 1. Indus and Satluj rivers : Punjab
early Tertiary period. Himalayas
(b) Presence of Satpura in the northern part
2. Satluj and Kali rivers : Kumaon
of Peninsular block.
Himalayas
(c) Presence of igneous rocks.
3. Teesta and Dibang rivers : Assam
(d) Collision of Indian plate with the
Himalayas
Eurasian plate created a trough faulting
How many pairs given above are correctly
in the Peninsular block.
matched?
(a) Only one
24. Consider the following regions:
1. Western Ghats (b) Only two

2. Andaman and Nicobar Islands (c) All three

3. North-East India (d) None

4. Terai regions
In how many of the above-mentioned 27. Which of the following separates Andaman
regions Myristica swamps are found? group of islands and Nicobar group of
(a) Only one islands?
(b) Only two (a) Duncan passage
(c) Only three
(b) Six Degree Channel
(d) All four
(c) Nine Degree Channel
(d) Ten Degree Channel
25. Which of the following statements is correct
regarding the season of retreating monsoon
28. Arrange the following coasts of the western
in India?
coastal plains from north to south.
(a) The monsoon retreats from the western
1. Kathiawar coast
Rajasthan by the first week of August.
(b) The widespread rain in this season is 2. Konkan coast

associated with the passage of cyclonic 3. Kachchh coast

depressions which originate over the 4. Malabar coast

Andaman Sea. Select the correct answer using the code

(c) The retreating southwest monsoon given below.
season is marked by dark clouds and rise (a) 3-1-2-4
in temperature. (b) 3-2-1-4
(d) The weather in the retreating monsoon is (c) 1-2-4-3
dry in the eastern part of the Peninsula. (d) 1-4-2-3
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29. Consider the following statements regarding 32. Consider the following statements regarding
the climatic regions of India according to the Triple-Dip La Niña phenomenon:
Koeppen’s Scheme: 1. It refers to a decrease of three times the
1. Coromandel coast of Tamil Nadu has level of normal temperature of water in
monsoon with dry winter. the Eastern Pacific Ocean.
2. The west coast of India south of Goa has 2. Its cooling influence is temporarily
monsoon with a short dry season. slowing the rise in global temperatures.
3. Extreme western Rajasthan has a semi- 3. It negatively affects the Indian monsoon
arid steppe climate.
and intensifies droughts in India.
Which of the statements given above is/are
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 3 only
(c) 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3

30. With reference to the Vindhyan system,

33. Which of the following is the correct
consider the following statements:
sequence of the following tributaries of
1. It comprises ancient sedimentary rocks
superimposed on the Archean base. Ganga from west to east?

2. It is devoid of metalliferous minerals. (a) Gomati-Ghaghara-Gandak-Kosi

Which of the statements given above is/are (b) Ghaghara-Gomati-Gandak-Kosi

correct? (c) Gomati-Gandak-Kosi-Ghaghara
(a) 1 only (d) Gandak-Gomati-Ghaghara-Kosi
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 34. Consider the following statement with
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 respect to Indian Plate:
1. Eurasian plate has been sinking below
31. Arrange the following states/UTs of India in the Indian Plate to form the Himalayas.
descending order as per the length of their 2. Deccan traps were formed due to
coastline: volcanic eruptions after the Himalayan
1. Andhra Pradesh mountain building was started.
2. Maharashtra 3. Indian plate boundaries include both
3. Andaman & Nicobar Islands
convergent and divergent boundaries.
4. Gujarat
Which of the statements given above is/are
Select the correct answer using the code
correct?
given below.
(a) 3 only
(a) 3-4-1-2
(b) 1 and 3 only
(b) 3-4-2-1
(c) 1 and 2 only
(c) 4-3-1-2
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(d) 4-1-3-2
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35. Which of the following conditions increases 38. Consider the following statements with
the rainfall during the Southwest Monsoon? reference to the drainage system in India:
1. Positive Indian Ocean Dipole 1. Rivers of peninsular India are mostly
2. La Niña Condition in Pacific Ocean antecedent rivers.
3. Intense heating of Tibetan Plateau 2. Tributaries of peninsular rivers in India
Select the correct answer using the code are formed predominantly due to river
given below. capturing.
(a) 1 and 2 only 3. Trellis and Radial patterns of rivers are
(b) 2 and 3 only mostly found in the Himalayan river
(c) 1 and 3 only system.
(d) 1, 2 and 3 How many of the statements given above are
correct?
36. Consider the following mountain ranges:
(a) Only one
1. Dhauladhar range
(b) Only two
2. Naga Tibba range
(c) All three
3. Pir Panjal range
(d) None
4. Kailash range
How many of the above mountain ranges are
39. Syntaxial bend is associated with which of
part of the Middle Himalayas?
the following geographical features in India?
(a) Only one
(a) Northern plains
(b) Only two
(b) Himalayas
(c) Only three
(c) Deccan Plateau
(d) All four
(d) Central highlands

37. Which of the following geological events

40. Consider the following pairs:
has shaped the present drainage system of
Important Associated Himalayan
peninsular India?
1. Submergence of the western flank of the places Mountains

peninsula. 1. Kedarnath : Kashmir Himalayas

2. Upheavals of the Himalayas. 2. Mussoorie : Uttarakhand Himalayas

3. Slight tilting of the Peninsular block 3. Dal Lake : Darjiling Himalayas

from northwest to the southeastern 4. Namcha : Arunachal Himalayas

direction. Barwa
Select the correct answer using the code How many of the above pairs are correctly
given below. matched?
(a) 1 and 2 only (a) Only one
(b) 2 and 3 only (b) Only two
(c) 1 and 3 only (c) Only three
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (d) All four
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41. With reference to the tropical moist 44. Starting from the Himalayas, arrange the
deciduous forests, consider the following following belts of the alluvial plains from
statements: north to south.
1. These are the most widespread forests in
1. Bhabar
India spread over regions that receive
2. Bhangar
rainfall between 70-100 cm.
3. Terai
2. These forests can be found in the
Andaman Islands, the western slopes of 4. Khadar
the Western Ghats, and the foothills of Select the correct answer using the code
the Himalayas in the northeastern given below.
region. (a) 3-1-2-4
3. Sandalwood, mahua, and sal are some of (b) 3-2-1-4
the species found here. (c) 1-2-3-4
Which of the statements given above is/are
(d) 1-3-2-4
not correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only 45. Which of the following is the reason for
(c) 2 and 3 only earthquakes in Central-western parts of
(d) 1, 2 and 3 India, particularly Gujarat and Maharashtra?
(a) Since the peninsular block is older, its
42. Consider the following peninsular rivers: rocks are weaker and fracture easily.
1. Subarnarekha (b) Thrusting of Indian plate under Eurasian
2. Sharavati
plate causes these aftershocks.
3. Brahmani
(c) Deccan trap is an unstable landmass and
Which of the rivers given above flow from
east to west? a tectonically active region.
(a) 1 and 2 only (d) None of the above
(b) 2 only
(c) 3 only 46. Consider the following statements regarding
(d) None Himalayas:
1. Lesser Himalaya are mainly composed
43. Consider the following islands:
of unconsolidated sediments
1. Amini
2. Great Himalayas are asymmetrical in
2. Kalpeni
nature and is composed of granite.
3. Andrott
4. Barren 3. Shiwaliks are outer-most range of the
5. Kavaratti Himalayas composed of highly
6. Shaheed dweep compressed and altered rocks.
7. Agatti Which of the statements given above is/are
How many of the above islands are part of correct?
the Lakshadweep group of islands?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(a) Only four
(b) 2 only
(b) Only five
(c) 1 and 3 only
(c) Only six
(d) All seven (d) 1, 2 and 3

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47. Even after the retreat of the Southwest 49. The Horn of Africa experiences increased
monsoon from the Indian subcontinent, rainfall during which of the following
Kerala and Uttarakhand tend to receive weather phenomena?
heavy rainfall. Which of the following is/are 1. El Nino
the reasons for this increased rainfall? 2. La Nina
1. A high-pressure system in the Arabian 3. Positive Indian Ocean Dipole
Sea causes rainfall in Kerala. 4. Negative Indian Ocean Dipole
2. Western disturbances cause rainfall in Select the correct answer using the code
Uttarakhand. given below.
3. Warm and strong winds from the Bay of (a) 1 and 3 only
Bengal cause rainfall in Uttarakhand. (b) 2 and 4 only
Select the correct answer using the code (c) 1 and 4 only
given below. (d) 2 and 3 only
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only 50. Consider the following statements regarding
(c) 2 only La Niña:
(d) 2 and 3 only 1. During La Niña, trade winds are even
stronger than usual, pushing more warm
48. Which of the following statements is not water toward Asia.
correct regarding the plains? 2. La Niña causes drought-like conditions
(a) They are extensive flat areas in the Indian sub-continent.
characterized by low relief, with Which of the statements given above is/are
minimal variation in elevation. correct?
(b) Structural plain are located in the (a) 1 only
interior of continents and are (b) 2 only
characterized by the absence of tectonic (c) Both 1 and 2
activities. (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) Coastal plains are also called pedi-
plains.
(d) Alluvial plains are created by the
deposition of fertile sediments.

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1. Consider the following statements regarding 4. In the context of ecosystems in India,
Submarine Canyons: consider the following statements regarding
1. They are absent near the mouth of rivers Banni grasslands:
due to sediment deposition.
1. They are located in Annamalai hills.
2. Absence of submarine canyons is a
2. They are the habitat of stump-tailed
unique feature of the Bay of Bengal.
macaques.
Which of the statements given above is/are
3. They are affected by the ingress of
correct?
(a) 1 only Prosopis Juliflora, a harmful exotic tree

(b) 2 only species.

(c) Both 1 and 2 Which of the statements given above is/are
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 correct?

(a) 1 only
2. Consider the following pairs:
(b) 1 and 2 only
Mineral Largest Producing State
(c) 3 only
1. Lead : Karnataka
(d) 2 and 3 only
2. Copper : Himachal Pradesh
3. Limestone : Odisha
How many of the pairs given above are 5. Consider the following statements regarding

correctly matched? Deep Seabed Mining:

(a) Only one 1. It involves the mining of polymetallic
(b) Only two nodules comprising copper, nickel and
(c) All three
rare earth elements in deep sea.
(d) None
2. In high seas, it is regulated by the
International Seabed Authority.
3. Which among the following places are
3. India's rights to explore polymetallic
connected by the National Waterway 1?
1. Allahabad nodules from the seabed in Central

2. Kollam Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) have

3. Haldia expired recently.
4. Sadiya Which of the statements given above are
Select the correct answer using the code
correct?
given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 3

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6. With reference to ocean currents, consider 8. In which of the following are corals not
the following statements: found?
(a) Gulf of Kutch
1. Labrador current is a cold ocean current
(b) Gulf of Khambat
flowing from the Arctic Ocean south (c) Gulf of Mannar
along the east coast of Canada. (d) None of the above
2. Kuroshio Current north-flowing warm
9. Generally, there is a lack of cyclones during
current off the coast of Japan in the
the main monsoon months of July and
Pacific Ocean. August in India. What could be the possible
3. The Gulf Stream is a warm current that reason?
(a) Low ocean surface temperatures in Bay
flows from the Gulf of Mexico to the
of Bengal
Atlantic coast of Europe.
(b) Lack of pre-existing near surface
4. Agulhas Current is a warm current found disturbance around Indian Ocean
along the east coast of Africa. (c) High vertical wind shear in the region
(d) Lack of formation of fronts
How many of the statements given above
is/are correct? 10. Consider the following pairs:
(a) Only one Crops Cropping Season
(b) Only two 1. Barley : Rabi
2. Vegetables : Zaid
(c) Only three
3. Jowar : Kharif
(d) All four Which of the pairs given above is/are
correctly matched?
7. With reference to characteristics of natural (a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
vegetation in India, consider the following
(c) 1, 2 and 3
statements: (d) 2 and 3 only
1. Trees are found in the warm and humid
11. With reference to Thermohaline circulation,
areas.
consider the following statements:
2. The mean annual temperature is above
1. It refers to the continuous replacement
22°C. of seawater at depths with water from
3. Annual rainfall is above 200 cm. the surface.
2. It drives warmer surface waters
4. Rosewood, ebony and Mahogany are
polewards from the tropics.
important species found. 3. It is faster than the wind-driven
Which of the following forests is best circulation of surface ocean currents.
characterised by the features given above? Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) Tropical Moist Deciduous forest
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) Tropical Semi-Evergreen forest (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) Tropical Evergreen forests (c) 1 only
(d) Tropical Dry Deciduous forests (d) 1, 2 and 3

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12. Salinity is the term used to define the total 15. In the context of human geography, the term
content of dissolved salts in seawater or 'conurbation' is best defined as
water bodies for that matter. In this context, (a) a large area of urban development that
arrange the following water bodies in resulted from the merging of originally
decreasing order of salinity. separate towns or cities.
1. Baltic Sea
(b) the process of declining of population in
2. Red Sea
a city.
3. Great Salt Lake
(c) the process of re-ruralization of urban
Select the correct answer using the code
areas.
given below.
(d) A large area of urban development that
(a) 3-2-1
(b) 1-2-3 resulted from the split of a large town.

(c) 1-3-2
(d) 2-3-1 16. Consider the following pairs:
Tribes Race
13. With reference to snowflake corals, consider 1.Gond : The Proto-Australoids
the following statements: 2.Bhotiya : The Mongoloids
1. It is a keystone species which promotes 3, Jarawa : The Negrito
marine biodiversity. Which of the pairs given above are correct?
2. In India, snowflake corals are found in (a) 1, 2 and 3
the Gulf of Kutch and Gulf of Mannar.
(b) 1 and 2 only
Which of the statements given above is/are
(c) 2 and 3 only
correct?
(d) 1 and 3 only
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
17. Recently, Prime Minister of India
(c) Both 1 and 2
inaugurated Kochi Water Metro. In this
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
context, consider the following statements:

14. With reference to oozes, consider the 1. It a project undertaken by the Union
following statements: Ministry of Shipping to connect the
1. They are terrigenous deposits and are Malabar coast with the Konkan coast.
deposited on the continental shelves. 2. It includes boats that are hybrid, battery-
2. They constitute of shelly and skeletal powered and disabled-friendly.
remains of marine organisms. Which of the statements given above is/are
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
correct?
(a) 1 only
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

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18. Which of the following is/are the possible 20. Which among the following are the major
consequences of over exploitation of crops cultivated by the northern states of

groundwater? India during the 'rabi' cropping season?

1. Gram
1. Reduction of water in streams and lakes
2. Barley
2. Increased salinity of water
3. Cotton
3. Land subsidence
4. Bajra
4. Drying up of wells Select the correct answer using the code
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
given below. (a) 1 and 2 only

(a) 1 and 4 only (b) 3 only

(c) 3 and 4 only
(b) 1, 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
21. In the context of National Waterways of
India, consider the following states:
19. Consider the following statements: 1. Uttar Pradesh
Statement I: The best location for the iron 2. Bihar

and steel plants is near the source of raw 3. Jharkhand

4. West Bengal
materials.
Through how many of the above states does
Statement II: Raw materials required for iron
the National Waterway-1 pass?
and steel industries are iron ore, coking coal,
(a) Only one
limestone dolomite etc are weight-losing raw (b) Only two
materials. (c) Only three
Which one of the following is correct in (d) All four

respect of the above statements?

22. In the context of demographic dividend, ‘age
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are
dependency ratio ' is best defined as the ratio
correct, and Statement II is the correct
of dependents of which age groups?
explanation for Statement I.
(a) people younger than 18 to the working-
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are age population.
correct, and Statement II is not the (b) people younger than 15 to the working-
correct explanation for Statement I. age population.

(c) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is (c) people younger than 18 or older than 59
to the working-age population.
incorrect.
(d) people younger than 15 or older than 59
(d) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II
to the working-age population.
is correct.

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23. Consider the following statements regarding 26. Which of the following statements best
the Atlantic Meridional Overturning describes the Atlantification phenomenon?
Circulation (AMOC): (a) Formation of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
1. It is a large system of ocean currents that that runs along the Atlantic Ocean floor
carry warm water from the tropics from north to south.
northwards into the North Atlantic. (b) Reduction in salinity of the South
2. It is driven by the differences in Atlantic Ocean due flow of colder water
temperature and salt content. from the Antarctic Ocean at the Drake
3. Increase in greenhouse gas and climate passage.
change weakening the AMOC. (c) Circulation of water from north to south
Which of the statements given above is/are and back in a long cycle within the
correct? Atlantic Ocean.
(a) 1 and 3 only (d) Streams of warmer water from the
(b) 1 and 2 only Atlantic Ocean flow into the Arctic at
(c) 1 only the Barents Sea.
(d) 1, 2 and 3
27. The movement of ocean currents is
24. Which of the following submarine features influenced by:
is/are of volcanic origin? 1. movement of winds
1. Submarine Canyon 2. salinity of the ocean
2. Seamount 3. coriolis force
3. Mid Oceanic Ridges (MOR) Select the correct answer using the code
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
given below. (a) 1 and 3 only
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(b) 3 only (c) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
28. Consider the following statements regarding
25. Which of the following is/are correct the zaid cropping season:
regarding the Eastern boundary upwelling 1. It is a winter cropping season.
systems? 2. Fruits and vegetables like watermelon,
1. They are one of the ocean’s most muskmelon and cucumber are grown
productive biomes. during this season.
2. They are oxygen-rich water system 3. The crops during this season require
found near the eastern edges of the cool dry weather for major growth
periods and shorter day length for
world’s ocean basins.
flowering and fruiting.
Select the correct answer using the code
How many of the statements given above are
given below.
correct?
(a) 1 only
(a) Only one
(b) 2 only
(b) Only two
(c) Both 1 and 2
(c) All three
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) None

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29. The World’s longest highway tunnel — Atal 33. Which of the following causes the complete
Tunnel, which has been built by Border reversal of North Indian Ocean currents
Road Organisation connects
between summer and winter?
(a) Manali to Lahaul-Spiti valley
(b) Rohtang Pass to Leh (a) Coriolis force
(c) Gangtok to Nathu La (b) Thermohaline circulation
(d) Ladakh and Kashmir valley (c) Movement of counter equatorial current
(d) Monsoon winds
30. Seabed 2030 Project, sometimes seen in
news, aims to
(a) undertake exploration of polymetallic 34. The total fertility rate in a economy is
nodules at seafloors.
defined as :
(b) exploit shale gas in the Pacific ocean.
(a) the number of children born per 1000
(c) develop submarine and underwater
launch vehicles. people in the population in a year.
(d) produce the map of the world ocean (b) the number of children born to couple in
floor.
their lifetime in a given population.

31. Which of the following statements (c) the birth rate minus death rate.
is not correct regarding natural vegetation in (d) the average number of live births a
India? woman would have by the end of her
(a) Shola forests are tropical montane
child-bearing age.
forests found in the Western Ghats.
(b) The largest forest cover in India is in the
state of Arunachal Pradesh. 35. Recently, there was a demand to include the
(c) Casuarina is found along the Coastal Kui language in the eighth schedule of the
regions of Tamil Nadu.
Indian Constitution. Which of the following
(d) Deodar is a coniferous species of a tree.
statements given below regarding the Kui
32. Consider the following statements regarding language is correct?
the shipping industry in India:
(a) It belongs to the Tibeto-Burman Family
1. India's share in global ship repair is less
of languages and is spoken by the Mizo
than 1%.
2. Cochin Shipyard Ltd is the largest people.
shipbuilding and maintenance facility in (b) It belongs to the Indo-Aryan Family of
India.
languages and is spoken by the Katkari
3. India has acceded to the Hong Kong
International Convention for Tribes of Maharashtra.
environmentally safe and sound (c) It belongs to the Dravidian Family of
recycling of ships. languages and is spoken by the Kandh
How many statements given above are
Tribes of Odisha.
correct?
(a) Only one (d) It belongs to the Austro-Asiatic Family
(b) Only two of languages and is spoken by the Khasi
(c) All three tribe of Meghalaya.
(d) None

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36. Which of the following could result in the 39. With reference to Sex ratio in India, consider
occurrence of dead zones? the following statements:
1. Eutrophication 1. Since Independence, the overall sex ratio
2. Stratification of the water column has continuously decreased in India.
3. Upwelling 2. As per the 2011 census, Haryana has the
Select the correct answer using the code lowest sex ratio in India.
given below. Which of the statements given above is/are
(a) 1 only correct?
(b) 2 and 3 only (a) 1 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
37. Consider the following pairs:
Mineral Generally occurs in the form
40. Consider the following pairs:
1. Copper : Veins and Lodes
Alloy Elements included
2. Coal : Sedimentary Material
1. Brass : Copper and Zinc
3. Bauxite : Weathered Material
2. Bronze : Copper and Tin
Which of the pairs given above is/are
3. Solder : Lead and Tin
correctly matched?
4. German Silver : Silver and Nickel
(a) 2 only
(b) 1 and 2 only Which of the pairs given above is/are

(c) 1 and 3 only correctly matched?

(d) 1, 2 and 3 (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 and 4 only
38. Consider the following pairs: (c) 1, 2 and 3 only
Population Population (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Pyramid Trends
1. Expansive : High mortality 41. Consider the following statements with
Pyramid rate and high reference to general demography:
fertility rate 1. In India, the sex ratio can be defined as
2. Stationary : Low mortality the number of females per thousand
Pyramid rate and low males.
fertility rate 2. In India, the literacy rate denotes the
3. Constrictive : Low mortality percentage of the population above 5
Pyramid rate with constant years of age, who can read, and write
fertility rate with understanding.
Which of the pairs given above is/are Which of the statements given above is/are
correctly matched? correct?
(a) 1 only (a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only (b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

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42. Consider the following statements : 45. "These are the most widespread forests of
1. Atlantic Ocean has the highest surface India. They are also called the monsoon
water salinity among the oceans.
forests and spread over the region receiving
2. Indian Ocean is home to the deepest
rainfall between 70cm - 200cm. Trees of this
point on earth.
3. Arctic ocean is the smallest and forest type shed their leaves for about six to
shallowest of oceans. eight weeks in dry summer."
How many of the statements given above are Which of the following is being referred to
correct? in the above passage?
(a) Only one
(a) Tropical Evergreen Forests
(b) Only two
(b) Tropical Thorn Forests
(c) All three
(d) None (c) Montane Forests
(d) Tropical Deciduous Forests
43. Consider the following statements with
reference to thermohaline circulation:
46. In the areas of upwelling, water is generally
1. The surface ocean drastically changes its
associated with which of the following
salinity and density in the process of
upwelling and downwelling. characteristic?
2. The process of thermohaline circulation (a) Warm and lacking in nutrients
ensures fast exchange of water between (b) Warm and rich in nutrients
poles and tropics. (c) Cold and lacking in nutrients
3. The surface ocean water movement
(d) Cold and rich in nutrients
leads to maximum transfer of water
between poles and equator.
How many of the statements given above 47. Which of the following statements best
is/are correct? describes the term 'ocean deoxygenation'?
(a) Only one (a) It occurs when the warmer ocean water
(b) Only two holds more oxygen caused by the land
(c) All three
ice melting and the extreme rise in ocean
(d) None
temperatures.
44. Consider the following pairs: (b) It is the overall decline in the oxygen
Relief features Description content of oceanic and coastal waters
1. Guyots : Mountain with pointed due to the frequent mixing of surface
summits
waters with deeper waters.
2. Seamounts : Flat-topped submerged
(c) It occurs when oxygen consumption is
mountains
3. Atoll : Low ring-shaped greater than oxygen replenishment
island found in tropical through photosynthesis, ventilation and
ocean mixing.
Which of the pairs given above is/are (d) It occurs during a prolonged El Niño
correctly matched?
period, which strengthens the upwelling
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only and leads to increased mixing of
(c) 1, 2 and 3 oxygenated deep waters with the surface
(d) 2 and 3 only waters.

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48. This human race is associated with 50. With respect to fish production in India, the
individuals characterized by light skin color, west coast has 75% of marine fish landings
straight or wavy hair, and narrow facial whereas only 25% on the east coast.
features. Originally conceptualized as the Consider the following possible reasons for
"white" race, historically linked to European the difference and which among the
and Western Asian populations. following is/are correct?
Which of the following human race is being 1. West coast has more upwelling than the
described in the passage given above? east.
(a) Mongoloid 2. Though east coast has more fishermen,
(b) Caucasoid their productivity is low.
(c) Capoid 3. West coast production is largely from
(d) Negroid mechanized sector unlike the east
4. West coast has longer fishing season
49. Which of the following statements is/are than the east.
correct regarding ocean currents? Select the correct answer using the code
1. West coasts of the continents in the given below.
middle and higher latitudes are bordered (a) 2 and 4 only
by warm currents. (b) 1 and 3 only
2. The complete reversal of the north (c) 1, 2 and 4 only
Indian Ocean currents between summer (d) 1, 3 and 4 only
and winter is due to Indian Ocean
Dipole.
3. The mixing zones of cold and warm
ocean currents are the most productive
fishing grounds on earth.
Select the correct answer using the code
given below.
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) 1 only

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in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior
permission of Vision IAS.

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Q 19.A
• The location of an industry depends on many factors such as raw material, power, labor, transport
facilities, etc.
• Industries using weight-losing raw materials are located in the regions where raw materials are
located. Following are some of the industries which depend on weight-losing raw materials.
o The raw materials required for iron and steel industries are iron ore, coking coal, limestone,
dolomite, manganese, and fire clay. All these raw materials are gross (weight loss), therefore, the
best location for the iron and steel plants is near the source of raw materials. Hence both Statement I
and Statement II are correct, and Statement II is the correct explanation for Statement I.
o The sugar industry is the second most important agro-based industry in the country. Sugarcane
is a weight-losing crop. The ratio of sugar to sugarcane varies between 9 to 12 percent depending on
its variety. Its sucrose content begins to dry during haulage after it has been harvested from the
field. Better recovery of sugar is dependent upon its being crushed within 24 hours of its
harvesting. Sugar factories hence are located within the cane-producing regions.
o Copper smelting, pig iron, and pulp industry also depend on weight losing raw material.
• Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

Q 20.A
There are three major cropping seasons in India : rabi, kharif, and zaid.
The rabi cropping season begins with the onset of winter in October-November and ends in March-April;
the major crops grown in the northern states are wheat, gram, rapeseeds and mustard, barley, and those
grown in the southern states are rice, maize, ragi, jowar, groundnut.
The kharif cropping season largely coincides with the Southwest Monsoon from June to September; the
major crops grown in the northern states are rice, cotton, bajra, maize, jowar, tur, and those grown in the
southern states are rice, maize, ragi, jowar, groundnut.
Zaid is a short duration summer cropping season beginning after harvesting of rabi crops. The cultivation
of watermelons, cucumbers, vegetables and fodder crops during this season is done on irrigated lands
As can be seen, wide distinction in the cropping season does not exist in southern parts of the country.
Here, the temperature is high enough to grow tropical crops during any period in the year provided the
soil moisture is available. Therefore, in this region same crops can be grown thrice in an agricultural year
provided there is sufficient soil moisture.

Q 21.D
• There are 111 National Waterways (NWs) declared under the National Waterways Act, 2016.
• National Waterway-1 comprises of Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly River System and passes through
the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal.
• Other important waterways are
o NW-2: Brahmaputra River (Dhubri - Sadiya) - Assam
o NW-3: West Coast Canal (Kottapuram - Kollam), Champakara and Udyogmandal Canals - Kerala
o National Waterway 4 : Krishna River (Vijayawada – Muktyala) - Andhra Pradesh
o National Waterway 5: Dhamra-Paradio via Mangalagadi to Pankopal - Odisha, West Bengal
o National Waterways 6 is a 71 km waterway between Lakhipur and Bhanga of the Barak River.
• Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) is the statutory authority in charge of the waterways in
India. It was constituted under IWAI Act-1985 by the Parliament of India. Its headquarters is located in
Noida, Uttar Pradesh.

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