FINAL Lesson for LIS 108

Major Administrative Concerns

1. Finance:

Source of Support:
Administration

Budgeting:
Responsibility of librarian approval of heads and Admin

Accountability:
Librarian

2. Library Services
Examples:
1. Circulation Service

2. Reference Service,

3. Online reservation of books,

4. Recommendation of library material,

5. Current Awareness Service,

 6. Inter Library Loan Service,

7. Photocopying / Printing Service,

8. Orientation and Information Sessions,

9. Selective Dissemination of Information,

10. Audio Visual Service and Multimedia Section.

 3. Extension/outreach services
Networks / linkages to other institutions or libraries.

Examples:
INTERNATIONAL LIBRARY:
EXTENSION AND OUTREACH DEPARTMENT OF THE CENTRAL LIBRARY
OF ROCHESTER AND MONROE COUNTY
The Extension/Outreach Department of the Monroe County
Library System and the Rochester Public Library provides library
services for the members of the community who are unable to
visit a public library.

Services
- In-home delivery service for members of the community who are
unable to visit a library due to age or transportation limitations, or
because of a temporary or permanent physical disability. The loan
period for materials is six weeks.
- Loan of materials to nursing homes and assisted living facilities
in the Rochester, NY area for use by their residents. The loan
period is two months.
- Loan of reading materials and TASC support at the Monroe
Correctional Facility and Rochester Correctional Facility. Library
staff also provides reference service via mail to inmates.
- Job information services to community organizations that work
with the unemployed and underemployed in the Rochester area.
Library staff provides information about library services and how
the library may assist those looking for employment.
- Making Moves, a resource guide for ex-offenders returning to the
Rochester and Monroe County area. It is available to the currently
incarcerated as well as newly-released offenders and may be
obtained upon request.
- Housing for Seniors in Monroe County, a publication that
provides information about housing for the senior population in
the area. A County Edition and a City Edition are available upon
request.
- MCLS Guide to DisABILITY Resources in Monroe County. This
guide to disability resources in Monroe County lists local agencies,
organizations, support groups, camps, family activities and more
to assist people with disabilities and their loved ones.

Materials
- Books, including Large Print and books on CD and cassette
- Music on cassette and CD
- Movies on VHS and DVD, with an emphasis on classic movies
and musicals
- Vintage TV shows on VHS and DVD
- BiFolkal Kits (remembrance kits) -- interactive programs
designed to help older adults recall events and lifestyles of earlier
years. Each kit has a specific theme and provides activities to
stimulate all the senses.

Assistive Devices
- Cassette players
- Prism glasses allow someone who is immobilized in a prone
position to read when they are unable to direct their eyes to the
material
- Reading magnifiers that hang around the neck
- Magnifying lamps
- Book holders for hands-free reading
These assistive devices may be borrowed from the
Extension/Outreach Department.

LOCAL:
De La Salle University Library Programs
Programming Activities

1. Adopt-a-Library (Provides training on basic library management to

those taking charge of the library and assists in the organization of
library materials.
Undertakes digitization projects in partnership with select organizations with the
goal of creating new ways for users to search and access valuable content).
Target recipient: Public/government libraries
De La Salle Philippines Libraries
Other libraries as determined fitting by the Committee
2. KIRA Tells a Story (Offers storytelling, puppet shows and film viewing
sessions. KIRA stands for Kids Reference Assistant, the virtual librarian
and mascot of the Integrated School)

3. WeAreInfoSMART (Helps groups of individuals gain information literacy

(IL) skills through the conduct formal IL sessions, the provision of free
access to the e-Library USA and other American Corner resources, the
promotion of the use of open source databases/resources, and the
availing of the Chat with LORA/ASRA facility to ask help from a librarian
through virtual reference service)
4. LORA, the Librarian (rovides training on the different aspects of library
work and guides recipients in sourcing for free library resources)
5. LiBRO (Coined from the words libro (meaning book) and Brother, this
program aims to spread Lasallian education (which is marked by zeal: the
whole-hearted giving of oneself to the service of others, in gratuity and
generosity, in creativity and fortitude, in compassion and commitment)
through the conduct of fun and exciting educational activities that
promotes the love for reading and lifelong learning Solicitation and the
giving out of book donations to selected libraries is also part of this
program)
6. GoGreen! (Advocates environmental awareness through the promotion
of environmental protection and conservation. Activities and projects are
geared towards waste management/reduction, tree planting/greening,
and reducing environmental impact)

*Additional Readings
 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-
science/library-outreach

4. Physical Facilities
Library space. Required minimum atleast 10%
total population of the program offered.
Equipment and furniture (Standard furniture and equipment)- Table
size, chair, lights, proper ventilation, Aircon, Electric fan,
Supplies (Request Office supplies-consumable ex. Bond
paper, Ink, Scotch tapes, etc.)

*Additional Readings:
https://ched.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Zonal-
Public-Hearings-Consultations-on-the-Proposed-Minimum-
Requirements-for-Libraries-of-Higher-Education-Institutions-
Common-to-All-Programs.pdf

5. Resources
Print (books, pamphlets, magazines,
newspapers, Thesis etc.)
Non-print (CD, DVD, etc.)
6. Electronic and digital
7. Publicity and promotions of library services:
Newsletters and other publications
Public relations
Bulletin board displays
Handbooks and manuals
Electronic media
8. Evaluation Strategies
Surveys (Online surveys)
8. Reports and records
Inventory
Book Listing, Book Analysis

Issues and Trends in Library and Information Center Management

Library Associations (Public/private organizations
related to libraries)
 International Federation of Library Associations and
Institutions (IFLA)
 Philippine Librarians Association, Inc.
  Philippine Association of Academic and Research Librarians
 Philippine Association of School Librarians, Inc.
 Philippine Group of Law Librarians, Inc.
 Medical and Health Librarians Association of the Philippines

Current issues and trends in Libraries

New Article: “2020 Top Trends in Academic Libraries: A

Review of the Trends and Issues Affecting Academic
Libraries in Higher Education”
Source
C&RL News
Vol 81, No 6 (2020)

Trends Discussed in Article

 Change management: New skills for new leadership
 Evolving integrated library systems
 Learning analytics
 Machine learning and AI
 Open access: Transitions and transformations
 Research Data Services (RDS): Ethics and maturation
 Social justice, critical librarianship, and critical digital pedagogy
 Streaming media
 Student wellbeing

Source:
https://crln.acrl.org/index.php/crlnews/article/view/24478/32
315

ACRL Research Planning and Review Committee

2020 top trends in

academic libraries Vol 81,
No 6 (2020)
A review of the trends and issues
affecting academic libraries in
higher education
Members of the ACRL Research Planning and Review Committee: Allison
Benedetti (chair) is director of the Arts, Music, and Powell Libraries at UCLA,
email: [email protected], Ginny Boehme (vice-chair) is science librarian
at Miami University, email: [email protected], Thomas R. Caswell is
associate dean at University of North Florida, email: [email protected], Kyle
Denlinger is digital pedagogy and open education librarian at Wake Forest
University, email: [email protected], Yuan Li is scholarly communications
librarian at Princeton University, email: [email protected], Alex D. McAllister is
humanities librarian at Appalachian State University,
email: [email protected], Brian D. Quigley is head of the Engineering
and Physical Sciences Division at the University of California-Berkeley,
email: [email protected], Catherine B. Soehner is associate dean for
research and director of the Eccles Health Sciences Library and director of
the MidContinental Region and Training Office, National Network of Libraries
of Medicine at the University of Utah, email: email: [email protected],
Minglu Wang is research data management librarian at York University,
email: [email protected], Andrew J. Wesolek is director of digital scholarship
and communications at Vanderbilt University,
email: [email protected]

T his article summarizes trending topics in academic librarianship from

the past two years. These highlights provide a starting point or an update,
depending on one’s familiarity with the topic. Overarching themes across the
profession continue to emphasize the significant amount of change our
institutions are driving, managing, and navigating.

Change management: New skills

for new leadership
A recent Association of Research Libraries report focuses on managing
change in libraries and states that there are “. . . three categories of urgent
changes: changes in the research library relationship with institutional
partners, changes in the research library organization, and changes in
skills.”1 The urgency described in this report indicates a need for preparing a
workforce for uncertainty and ambiguity. A 2017 Library Journal article
encourages new skills for library leaders to manage change in a VUCA
(Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity) world and a need to “get
it right.”2
Managing change on this scale requires academic library leadership to be
steeped in best practices for systematically adjusting the work of an entire
organization. If our libraries are going to be successful in a VUCA world,
current and future leaders will need to develop their change management
skills. There are a number of leadership courses, workshops, and residential
programs, and those which focus on these needed skills will be of greatest
use to leaders looking to move their libraries into the future quickly and
confidently.

Evolving integrated library

systems
In December 2019, Ex Libris announced a deal to purchase
Innovative.3 Questions immediately arose among Innovative’s customers,
wondering how and when this might affect them. Innovative provides a
number of integrated library system (ILS) products, including Sierra and
Polaris, but its saturation of the ILS market for academic libraries is relatively
low compared to its market share within public library systems. In contrast,
Ex Libris controls a much larger market share within academic libraries,
primarily thanks to Alma, its cloud-based library management system (LMS).
Ex Libris is likely to focus its near-future efforts on transitioning and
expanding its public library business to cloud-based systems, rather than
making immediate large-scale changes within its academic library business. 4
Large mergers like this tend to reignite concerns of interoperability between
all the different systems, platforms, and devices that now comprise modern
library systems. The Future Of Libraries Is Open (FOLIO) is one of the
products aiming to quell those concerns, with beta testing well underway
and a general release planned for 2020.5 FOLIO is an open-source LMS being
built around the idea of flexibility, with different modules available (and
interchangeable) depending on need. It seems the National Information
Standards Organization (NISO) is preparing for further development along
these lines with the FASTEN document.6 The FASTEN document was posted
for public comments during Q4 2019, and contains recommendations for
vendors and organizations on steps they can take to streamline and improve
the interoperability of their library systems. The wider launch of FOLIO and
the potential adoption of FASTEN will need to be closely watched.
The goals driving the development of both FOLIO and FASTEN are touched on
in a recent issue brief by the Ohio Library and Information Network
(OhioLINK) and Ithaka S+R.7 However, the document quickly moves past
them to look even further ahead. It describes the challenges seen with
current ILS products and imagines what the ILS of the future should be,
highlighting four qualities and recommendations: true “next-generation”
systems should be user-centered, enable the use and access of facilitated
collections, integrate with other institutional platforms, and provide modern
business intelligence capabilities.

Learning analytics
ACRL’s “2018 Top Trends in Academic Libraries” report identified the use of
learning analytics (LA) as an emerging trend.8 LA advocates argue that by
collecting and analyzing student learning data, including data related to
library usage, institutions can better understand student learning behaviors,
intervene when problems arise, and potentially even predict problems before
they occur. Libraries are becoming increasingly interested in how they might
use LA to communicate their value to stakeholders. 9
While this trend continues, criticism of the use of library learning analytics
has grown significantly since the previous “Top Trends” report. Many
academic librarians are growing ever more skeptical of the value of LA,
especially as their use relates to student privacy, student agency, library
ethics, and student trust in libraries as institutions. 10 The Data Doubles
project seeks to “study library LA and the privacy issues from a student
perspective,” which, the research team explains, is lacking from the
conversation.11 Additionally, the summer 2019 issue of Library Trends was
devoted exclusively to the question of LA in libraries. As the profession
continues to wrestle with the “ethical dissonance” of LA, “growing evidence
suggests that learning analytics should not be pursued without carefully
considering and attending to the ethical quandaries and information policy
challenges stemming from the inherent student privacy issues.” 12

Machine learning and AI

As is the case with many professions, librarianship is on the cusp of dramatic
change owing to developments in machine learning and artificial intelligence
(AI). Libraries and librarians have a long history of incorporating new
technologies into their spaces and practices. Two reports published in 2019
call on us to act now to ensure that our professional values are “baked in” to
new computational tools and research support services.
In his 2019 Library Technology Report, Jason Griffey argues that libraries
should invest in developing these systems internally. 13 AI and machine
learning are powerful tools, but without care they may manifest algorithmic
bias, erode privacy and intellectual freedom, and potentially enhance
confirmation bias and information filtering of the sort present in
contemporary media. Griffey argues that localized machine learning and AI
environments (i.e., those developed internally) allow libraries to critically
examine training data and computational processes to ensure that bias
present in data is not amplified through those processes, and professional
values are represented in data collection and computational processes. The
report also contains several examples of what library investment in these
areas could look like.
An OCLC report, Responsible Operations, explores potential impacts of
machine learning and AI across librarianship, as well as recommendations for
guiding their adoption in responsible ways. Beyond the substantial
recommendations for technical infrastructure and strategies in cultural
heritage, metadata creation, and other venues, libraries should “consider
using information literacy instruction as a vector to introduce algorithmic
concepts and their ethical implications.”14 Data and programming literacies
are increasingly important for contemporary students, and libraries are
gradually integrating them into their pedagogy. 15 As librarians continue to
explore the uses and potential misuses of AI and machine learning
environments, there are opportunities to expand curricula focused on
literacies to include ethical considerations in AI and machine learning.

Open access: Transitions and

transformations
The past few years have brought major developments in the OA landscape—
from major big deal cancellations to new agreements between libraries and
publishers. Following the University of California system’s Elsevier
cancellation in early 2019,16 the University of North Carolina announced in
late 2019 that their license renewal negotiations with Elsevier will continue
into 2020.17 Resources for institutions considering this route include SPARC’s
“Big Deal Knowledge Base and Big Deal Cancellation Tracking,” 18 University
of California’s “Negotiating with Scholarly Journal Publishers
Toolkit,”19 “Guidelines for Evaluating Transformative Open Access
Agreements,”20 and “Guide to Transitioning Journals to Open Access
Publishing.”21
Many new transformative agreements were announced between publishers
and libraries or library consortia over the past year. 22 A transformative
agreement can be defined as a contract seeking “to shift the contracted
payment from a library or group of libraries to a publisher away from
subscription-based reading and towards open access publishing.” 23 There are
various flavors, including offsetting agreements, read-and-publish
agreements, and publish-and-read agreements. Since 2018, many read-and-
publish agreements have been signed between publishers and institutions.
After hundreds of responses from publishers, academic libraries, and
researchers, cOALition S made some changes to its Plan S, which “aims for
full and immediate Open Access to peer-reviewed scholarly publications from
research funded by public and private grants.” 24 Noteworthy differences: plan
implementation is delayed to 2021, no cap on the cost of OA publication,
tweaked rules around hybrid titles and transformative agreements, ignore
the prestige of journals when making funding decisions, and more restrictive
open licenses will be allowed when approved by the funder. 25
Further transitions are happening at the society publishing level. The group
Transitioning Society Publications to Open Access (TSPOA) formed at the
October 2018 Choosing Pathways to OA Working forum. They “aim to provide
relevant resources/experience working in collaboration with society
publishing partners to help them develop an open access publishing model
that is appropriate, effective and sustainable.” 26

Research Data Services (RDS):

Ethics and maturation
In recent years, conversations about research data management have
transitioned. While open data faces obstacles in health science and social
science research,27 since its first publication in 2016,28 the FAIR (findability,
accessibility, interoperability, and reuse) data principles, on the other hand,
have become a widely accepted guideline for research data management
(RDM), emphasizing machine actionable data standards. Responsible RDM is
the central theme of the International Science Council’s Committee on Data
(CODATA).29 Currently, a crossnational GO FAIR Initiative is building a
network to advocate the FAIR principles through coordinating policy,
technology, and awareness and skill-building activities. 30
The scholarly communication revolution has started to touch the ethical core
of scientific practice as well as its technical workflow—from open access,
open data, and open science, to citizen science. Several national and
international groups are working to coordinate open science and research
data efforts, to align science with societal values and strategically plan for
public access of data.31
Despite these developments, researchers seem slow to respond. The “State
of Open Data Report 2019” revealed that although the majority of
responding researchers support national and funders’ open data mandates,
FAIR data principles are still relatively unknown to them, primarily due to
apprehensions about the misuse of openly shared data. 32
Further development of RDS within academic libraries faces potential
opportunities and practical difficulties, in light of this dichotomy. New studies
based on North American academic libraries33 and beyond34 reported a
similarity of commitments and strengths: a majority of responding libraries’
RDS are still an extension of the library’s traditional advisory and training
services. Of the libraries that offer advanced RDS, including training or
assistance on data analysis, data visualization, and data integrity, most
started the service in the last three years. Barriers to developing RDS include
lack of resources (financial, staffing, and skills) and researcher engagement.
The U.S. Data Curation Network examined 114 ARL institutions and reported
that about 44% of them had a dedicated data repository, but information
about data curation support is rarely available on these websites. 35
A potential model to combat the resource obstacles in individual libraries
involve collaborative data curation networks. The grant-funded Data Curation
Network (DCN) project has developed extensive curation workflow and
checklist resources,36 and the Canadian Data Curation Forum is designing a
national data curation network based on the U.S. DCN model. 37 The Greater
Western Library Alliance found that most libraries with data repositories
already have staff who assist researchers with creating metadata and data
documentation.38
A National Library of Medicine workshop identified seven skill categories for
librarians working in data science and open science, including computational
ability and program and service development.39 As a result, many current
data librarians will need more technical-intensive and advanced RDM
training.

Social justice, critical

librarianship, and critical digital
pedagogy
Social justice and critical librarianship initiatives continue to gain momentum
in academic libraries of all sizes. As described by Emily Drabinski, “Critical
librarianship acknowledges and then interrogates the structures that produce
us as librarians, our spaces as libraries, our patrons as students, faculty, and
the public.”40 It is grounded in “a librarianship that . . . disrupt[s] the status
quo, that center[s] a commitment to social justice and social change, . . . and
that grapple[s] directly with the problems of power concentrated in the
hands of a only a few.”41
One study notes that, “The LIS classroom is where the values of LIS that are
associated with social responsibility are introduced to future librarians, and
by extension where the ability to create positive change begins.” 42 Another
calls for librarians to design instruction that has the potential to highlight
important social issues as well as better engage with students. 43
Recent examples of critical librarianship and social justice at work in libraries
span research and user services to areas of collections and technical
services.44 When turned to digital tools, “critical digital pedagogy takes into
account the limitations of any given technology and centers inquiry over
technology.”45 Librarians are applying these values to digital libraries 46 and
open pedagogy.47 Underlying all of this seems to be a vigorous emphasis on
student agency and a resistance to corporate influence in higher education,
especially from technology and publishing companies.
However, some have criticized the movement “for being inaccessible,
exclusionary, elitist, and disconnected from the practice of librarianship.” 48

Streaming media
Streaming media has been an active and changing space in the past few
years. Libraries are trying to figure out a responsible path forward that
supports users’ needs and expectations for selection and accessibility. With
increasing support for online and hybrid courses, as well as flipped classroom
pedagogy,49 the appeal and desirability of streaming content is clear.
Various articles document different components of these challenges—from
acquisitions workflows, to pricing, to accessibility. Many libraries are
updating and publishing their decision-making workflows for streaming
media collection development, with accessibility considerations forming a
large piece of several libraries’ decision trees. 50 The accessibility license
language used by the Big Ten may be of particular interest to those looking
to conduct third-party evaluation for licensed content. 51
Kanopy is one of the largest and most written-about players in the streaming
media market. Articles document public and academic libraries forays into
licensing Kanopy content, only to end their agreements due to unsustainable
costs. Lessons learned point to increased user education about pricing and
the challenges of the patron-driven acquisition versus pay per use model
often employed by public libraries.52 Various articles in the New York
Times53 and Entertainment Weekly54 were touting it as just that—streaming
movies for free through your library—without conveying the costs to
libraries. A user education-directed post in Film Quarterly discusses the cost
differences for consumer and institutional media pricing, encouraging film
scholars and teaching faculty to be aware of how their choices impact others
in the market.55

Student wellbeing
In recent years, a number of academic studies and news stories have
reported on the rising rates of college students struggling with depression,
anxiety, sleep deprivation, food insecurity, family responsibilities, and other
factors impacting student wellbeing. For example, one study reported that
the “percentage of all students nationally who reported being diagnosed with
or treated for anxiety disorder climbed from 10 percent in 2008 to 20
percent in 2018”56 and another cited National College Health Assessment
data showing approximately two-thirds of students report “overwhelming
anxiety.”57 One review suggests that college students are at increased risk of
food insecurity compared to the general population. 58 Mary J. Wise reports
that nearly half of college students indicated having “more than a little
problem to a very big problem with sleepiness during daytime activities.” 59
As a result, institutions are increasingly looking at supporting students
holistically and promoting student wellbeing as possible contributors to their
success and retention. Libraries are well-positioned to help, due to their
central locations, longer operating hours, and perception as a safe space,
with some stressing the importance of collaborating with campus partners,
social service agencies, and professionals. 60
In order to promote mindfulness and support the mental and spiritual
wellbeing of students, a number of libraries have created spaces and
programs to meet this need, including meditation and prayer rooms, free
yoga sessions, food pantries, and nap spaces. 61
Studies have also discussed the increasing rates of autism spectrum disorder
(ASD) and the need for colleges and libraries to support the wellbeing of a
neurodiverse student population.62 Recommendations include implementing
universally designed instruction, offering quiet spaces, providing space for
autistic students to use their expertise to tutor others, offering chat
reference for asking questions, and conducting campus outreach to raise
autism awareness.63

Final note
This article was written well before the world was fully aware of the novel
coronavirus that has since spread around the globe. As this issue of C&RL
News goes to press, institutions have closed their facilities and moved their
classes online; vendors have opened up their collections on a temporary
basis; and conferences have postponed or cancelled outright, along with
many other changes in library operations. We anticipate that this situation
will have long-lasting repercussions, very likely including massive budget
cuts. Despite these uncertainties, libraries are positioned to provide online
research and teaching support to patrons using virtual conferencing and
other tools.

Additional readings:

https://www.ifla.org/files/assets/information-technology/
newsletters/tilt-june_july-2019.pdf

https://www.mysapl.org/Portals/6/Files/About/
StrategicPlan/Report-TrendsBestPractices.pdf

“It always seems impossible until it is done.”

– Nelson Mandela