POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS I (EEE 471)

Transmission Lines Parameters:

Capacitance

Prof. Dr. Saffet AYASUN

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Gazi University
 Review of Electric Fields

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 LINE CAPACITANCE

 Consider a long round conductor with radius r carrying a charge of q coulombs per
meter length
 The charge on the conductor gives rise to an electric field with radial flux lines.
The total electric flux is numerically equal to the value of charge on the conductor.
 The intensity of the field at any point is defined as the force per unit charge and is
termed electric field intensity designated as E.
 Concentric cylinders surrounding the conductor are equipotential surfaces and
have the same electric flux density.

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 LINE CAPACITANCE
 From Gauss's law, for one meter length of the conductor, the electric
flux density at a cylinder of radius x is given by

 The electric field intensity E may be found from the relation

where e0 is the
permitivity of free
space and is equal to
8.85 x 10-12 F/m
 The potential difference between cylinders from position D1 to D2 is
defined as the work done in moving a unit charge of one coulomb
from D2 to D1 through the electric field produced by the charge on
the conductor.

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CAPACITANCE OF SINGLE-PHASE LINES

 Consider one meter length of a single-phase line consisting of two

long solid round conductors each having a radius r.
 The two conductors are separated by a distance D.
 Conductor I carries a charge of q1 coulombs/meter and conductor 2
carries a charge of q2 coulombs/meter.
 The presence of the second conductor and ground disturbs the field
of the first conductor.
 The distance of separation of the wires D is great with respect to r
and the height of conductors is much larger compared with D.
Therefore, the distortion effect is small and the charge is assumed to
be uniformly distributed on the surface of the conductors.

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 CAPACITANCE OF SINGLE-PHASE LINES
 Assuming conductor 1 alone to have a charge of q1, the voltage
between conductor 1 and 2 is

 Assuming conductor 2 alone to have a charge of q2, the voltage

between conductor 2 and 1 is

 since

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CAPACITANCE OF SINGLE-PHASE LINES
 From the principle of superposition, the potential difference due to
presence of both charges is

 For a single-phase line

 the capacitance between conductors is

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 Capacitance between each conductor and a
neutral

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 POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE IN A
MULTICONDUCTOR CONFIGURATION
 Consider n parallel long conductors
with charges q1, q2, ... , qn
coulombs/meter as

 potential difference between conductors

i and j due to the presence of all charges is

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 CAPACITANCE OF THREE-PHASE LINES

Consider one meter length of a three-phase line with three long conductors,
each with radius r

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 CAPACITANCE OF THREE-PHASE LINES

 We proceed with the calculation of the potential difference belween

a and b for each section of the transposition

 The average value of Vab is

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CAPACITANCE OF THREE-PHASE LINES

 The average value of Vab is

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 CAPACITANCE OF THREE-PHASE LINES

 The average value of Vac is

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 CAPACITANCE OF THREE-PHASE LINES

 the capacitance per phase to neutral is

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 EFFECT OF BUNDLING

 The capacitance per phase

 two-subconductor bundle:

 three-subconductor bundle:

 Four-subconductor bundle:

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 CAPACITANCE OF THREE-PHASE
DOUBLE-CIRCUIT LINES

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 CAPACITANCE OF THREE-PHASE
DOUBLE-CIRCUIT LINES
 the per-phase equivalent capacitance to neutral

 or capacitance to neutral in mF per kilometer is

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 CAPACITANCE OF THREE-PHASE
DOUBLE-CIRCUIT LINES

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 EXAMPLE 1
D12 = 10 m D23 = 10 m

a b c

D13 = 20 m

D13 = 20 m
m
40
0.
=
d

D12 = 10 m D23 = 10 m

 In a 50 Hz three-phase transposed line shown in Fig. 1 ACSR 1,272,000

CM, 54/19 Pheasant is used. The diameter of the conductor is 3.51 cm. If
the line length is 250 km, determine the total inductance, capacitance,
inductive and capacitive reactances per phase.
 For single conductor case shown in Fig. 1 a) (10)
 For three-subconductor bundle case shown in Fig. 1 b) (10)
 What are the advantages of using bundled conductor in a transmission
line? (10)
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 EXAMPLE 1: SOLUTION

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 EXAMPLE 1: SOLUTION

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 EXAMPLE 1: SOLUTION

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 EXAMPLE 2

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 EXAMPLE 2: SOLUTION

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 EXAMPLE 2: SOLUTION

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 EXAMPLE 3

For the three-phase transmission line shown above

 Determine the inductance and capacitance per phase per
kilometer (20).
 Find the radius of the equivalent single conductor line that would
have the same inductive reactance as the given line (10).

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 EXAMPLE 3: SOLUTION

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 EXAMPLE 3: SOLUTION

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 EXAMPLE 4

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 EXAMPLE 4: SOLUTION

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 EXAMPLE 4: SOLUTION

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 EXAMPLE 4: SOLUTION

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 EXAMPLE 5

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 EXAMPLE 5: SOLUTION

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 EXAMPLE 5: SOLUTION

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 EXAMPLE 5: SOLUTION

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 Homework 1

 A three-phase transposed line is composed one ACSR 159,000 CM,

54/19 Lapwing conductor per phase with flat horizontal spacing of 8 m
as shown in Figure 1. The geometric mean radius of each conductor is
1.515 cm.
 Determine the inductance and capacitance per phase per kilometer of
the line
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 Homework 2
Figure 1

Figure 2

A three-phase transposed line is composed of one ACSR 1,431,000 CM, 47/7 Bobolink
conductor per phase with flat horizontal spacing of 11 meters as shown in Figure 1. The
conductors have a diameter of 3.625 cm. The line is to be replaced by a three-conductor
bundle of ACSR 477,000 CM, 26/7 Hawk conductors having the same cross-sectional area of
aluminum as the single-conductor line. The conductors have a diameter of 2.1793 cm. The
new line will also have a flat horizontal configuration, but it is to be operated at a higher
voltage and therefore the phase spacing is increased to 14 m as measured from the center of
the bundles as shown in Figure 2. The spacing between the conductors in the bundle is 45 cm.
Determine
a. The percentage change in the inductance (10)
b. The percentage change in the capacitance
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 Homework 3
D = 14 m

a1 c2

D=8m

b2
b1 D = 22 m

D=8m
D = 16 m

a2
c1
d = 0.40 m

2. Find the inductance and capacitance per km and the total inductive and capacitive
reactance of the following 2-bundle double circuit transmission line. The diameter of
each conductor is 3.51 cm, the frequency is 50 Hz, and the line length is 400 km (35
pts).
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 Homework 4

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 Homework 5
D = 7.5 m
a1 c2

D=4m D=4m

D=9m
b1 b2

D=4m D=4m

c1 a2

Find inductance and capacitance per km of the following double-line circuit. The diameter of
each conductor 2.50 cm (30)

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