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Etap arc flash study

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394 views71 pages

Etap arc flash study

Uploaded by

nandish
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Steps for arc flash performance :

Step 1: Collect the system and installation data


Step 2: Determine the system modes of operation
In a site with a simple radial distribution system there is only one mode of
operation—normal—but a more complex system can have many modes.
Examples of modes include:
— One or more utility feeders in service.

— Utility interface substation secondary bus tie breaker open or closed.

— Unit substation with one or two primary feeders.

— Unit substation with two transformers with secondary tie opened or closed.

— MCC with one or two feeders, one or both energized.

— Generators running in parallel with the utility supply or in standby


Step 3: Determine the bolted fault currents
Input all data from the single-line diagrams and the data collection effort into a
short-circuit program.

Commercially available programs can run short circuit calculation to thousands of


buses and allow easy switching between modes.

Find the symmetrical root-mean-square (RMS) bolted fault current and X/R ratio
at each point of concern—all locations where people could be working—by making
each of these points a bus.

Not every bus needs to be run for every mode because some modes will not
significantly impact bolted fault current at some buses.
Step 4: Determine the arc fault currents
The arc fault current depends primarily on the bolted fault current.

The bolted fault current in the protective device can be found from the short-
circuit study by looking at a one-bus-away run.

This will separate fault contributions from feeder and downstream motors .

The calculated arc fault current will be lower than the bolted fault current due to
arc impedance, especially for applications under 1000 V.

For medium voltage applications the arc current is still a bit lower than the bolted
fault current, and it must be calculated.
Step 5: Find the protective device characteristics and the duration of the arcs
it is possible to use protective device characteristics, which can be found in
manufacturer’s data.
For fuses
the manufacturer’s time-current curves may include both melting and clearing time.

For circuit breakers


circuit breakers with integral trip units, the manufacturer’s time-current curves include
both tripping time and clearing time

For relay operated circuit breakers


the relay curves show only the relay operating time in the time-delay region.
The circuit breaker opening time must be added. Table shows recommended circuit
breaker operating times..
Step 6: Document the system voltages and classes of equipment
Step 7: Select the working distances
Arc-flash protection is always based on the incident energy level on the person’s
head and body at the working distance, not the incident energy on the hands or
arms.
The degree of injury in a burn depends on the percentage of a person’s skin that is
burned.
The head and body are a large percentage of total skin surface area and injury to
these areas is much more life threatening than burns on the extremities.
Typical working distances are shown in Table 3.
Typical working distance
is the sum of the distance between the worker
standing in front of the equipment, and from
the front of the equipment to the potential arc
source inside the equipment.
Step 8: Determine the incident energy for all equipment
A software program for calculating incident energy must be selected

Step 9: Determine the flash-protection boundary for all equipment


Arcing current
For applications with a system voltage under 1000 V use this the equation
For applications with a system voltage of 1KV to 15 KV use this equation

For buses with nominal kV rating greater than 15 kV, the arcing current can be considered to be the same as the bolted fault
current
Ia= I bf
Incident energy
Empirical method (1.0 to 15.0 kV) Lee method (higher than 15.0 kV)
Flash-protection boundary
Empirical method (1.0 to 15.0 kV) Lee method (higher than 15.0 kV)
arc thermal performance value
The Stoll Curve is the predictive model used to measure the probability of burn injury. It quantifies the heat levels
and exposure times that result in a second-degree burn, including high temperature exposure for a short time and
low temperature exposure for a much longer duration.
ARC FLASH INPUT DATA
BUS EDITOR / RATING PAGE
Standard IEC
TYPE

Enclosure isolation if this option is checked etap assume that there is


enough isolation and main PD can de-energized the bus arc fault
if this option is unchecked etap assumes that no adequate isolation exist and main
PD are ignored
adequate isolation means (sheet metal or sufficient barriers preventing bus side
arc fault from damaging the protective device)
Continuous is the bus bar rated current
Bracing is the current peak value of bus bar
ARC flash parameters
Gap between conductors / buses
Is the distance between conductors
or buses for the equipment on fault location
If the voltage (0.6kv<kv<15 kv) the Gap is 254 mm
If the voltage (kv>15kv) use that table
Gap between conductors and ground
Is the distance between phase conductors and ground conductive
Electrode configuration
This field represents orientation of conductors
This field is used to select multiplying factors for arc current and incident energy

Conductors type CU OR AL
HEIGHT , WIDTH , DEPTH a and K
HOW TO DO ARC FLASH STUDY ON ETAP
For low voltage circuit breakers
Step one
Enter star view study and do coordination study between main protective circuit breaker (that
feed the main bus of equipment) and other circuit breaker on down stream .
Step two
Go to arc flash study edit and go to parameters then select type of NFPA70E to show PPE LEVEL
TYPE(level 0,1,2 or level A,B,C)
Step three
Go to project ---setting-----arc flash-----incident energy then PPE
Step four
Run arc flash study
Step five
Print report and label for arc flash
Step sex
If you want see arc fault current on TCC you can create TCC from arc flash study
FCT IS SUM OF OPERATING TIME OF SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION OF LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT
BREAKER AND THE BREAK TIME OF CIRCUIT BREAKER)
For medium voltage
Step one
Go to relay page for main circuit breaker and check INPUT & OUTPUT page
Step two
Go to star view then do coordination study between this relay and other relays
Step three
Go to project ---setting-----arc flash-----incident energy then PPE
Step four
Run arc flash study
Step five
Print report and label for arc flash
Step sex
If you want see arc fault current on TCC you can create TCC from arc flash study
FCT IS SUM OF OPERATING TIME OF SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION OF RELAY AND THE BREAK TIME OF
CIRCUIT BREAKER)

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