KARADENIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

Faculty of Engineering
Electrical and Electronics Engineering

EEE1007 LABORATORY of FUNDAMENTALS of ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

PRELIMINARY WORK
1. What are the alternative and direct current, explain them briefly by giving example.
2. Explain how the phase differences of two AC signals are measured on an oscilloscope
by giving an example.
3. Explain why phase difference is important.
4. What is the way to reduce the phase difference (power factor) between current and
voltage ? Explain it by giving an example.
5. Explain how inductor and capacitor behaves in DC current.
6. Explain how to calculate effective and mean value of an AC signal by giving an
example.
7. Solve the circuit in Figure 1 with the complex numbers, and writhe down them in their
places (yellow area) in Table 1.
8. Solve the circuit in Figure 1 with the phasor diagram, and writhe down them in their places
(yellow area) in Table 1.
9. Solve the circuit in Figure 3 with complex numbers only for R1=10kΩ, and write down them
in their places (yellow area) in Table 2.
10. Solve the circuit in Figure 3 with phasor diagram only for R1=10kΩ, and write down them
in their places (yellow area) in Table 2.
11. Adjust the circuit elements in Figure 5 as V1 (5V, 1kHz), R (kΩ), L (mH), C(nF), and write
down vectoral and phasoral solutions in Table 3 (yellow area).

NOTE: Come to the experiments by preparing the preliminary work as a report (with
the report cover). Those who do not have a report will not be attended in the
experiments.

ALTERNATIVE CURRENT (AC) CIRCUITS

Aim of Experiment: 1. Learning the current and voltage measurements in AC circuits.

2. Learning the measurement of phase difference.
3. Verifying the Superposition theorem.
4. Developing the student's ability to set up an experiment.

AC current circuit elements are resistor (R), inductance (L) and capacitor. AC ammeter
and AC voltmeter are used to measure currents and voltages of these elements. AC ammeter
and voltmeter measure the effective value (rms value) of the measured signal. While
measuring a signal, it is important to choose the correct measuring range of the measuring
tools for accuracy and safety.
 KARADENIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical and Electronics Engineering

EEE1007 LABORATORY of FUNDAMENTALS of ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

1. EXPERIMENT: Resistive Circuit

Set up the circuit given in Figure 1 below on the test board according to the element
values in the adjacent table and set the frequency value of the V 1(t) voltage source to be 1kHz
and the maximum value to be 5V.

Elements Values
V1(t) 5.sin(wt)
R1 390Ω
R2 560Ω

Figure 1. AC circuit consisting only of resistor elements

1. After installing the circuit in Figure 1 on the board and turning on the voltage source, connect
the CH1 input of the oscilloscope to the A-C terminal and the CH2 input of the oscilloscope
to the B-C terminal, and draw the signs seen on the oscilloscope in Figure 2, and write
downthe maximum values of the measured voltages in Table 1.
2. Find the phase difference (ØV1-R2) between VAC and VBC by using oscilloscope and write
down it in Table 1
3. Calculate the current flowing through the circuit using one of the V AC or VBC voltages and
draw it on Figure 2.
4. Increase the R1 from 390Ω to 680Ω and write down phase difference between V BC and VAC
voltages in Table 1, and comment on the phase difference..

Figure 2.
Oscilloscope screen
 KARADENIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical and Electronics Engineering

EEE1007 LABORATORY of FUNDAMENTALS of ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Table 1. Results of experiment 1
AC circuit consisting only of resistor elements
For R1=390Ω For R1=680Ω Complex Phasor
VAC V VAC V VAC V VAC V
VBC V VBC V VBC V VBC V
ØV1-R2 ØV1-R2 ØV1-R2 ØV1-R2

2. EXPERIMENT: Circuit consisting of resistor and Capacitor (R-C)

Elements Values
V1(t) 5.sin(wt)
R1 10kΩ
C2 33nF

Figure 3. AC R-C circuit

1. After installing the circuit in Figure 3 (for R1=10kΩ) on the board and turning on the voltage
source, connect the CH1 input ofEleman
the oscilloscope
Değerito the A-C terminal and the CH2 input of
the oscilloscope to the B-C terminal, and
V1(t) draw the signs seen on the oscilloscope in Figure 4a,
5.sin(wt)
and write down the maximum values R1of the measured
10kΩ voltages in Table 2.
2. Find the phase difference between VCAC 2 and V100nF
BC voltages for R1=10kΩ (ØV1-C2) with the help of
osciloscope and write down it in Table 2.
3. Repeat the step 2 to find phase difference for R 1=5kΩ and R1=15kΩ, and follow how the
phase difference changes on the oscilloscope. Then writhe down these phase differences in
Table 2, and draw the signs seen on the oscilloscope in Figure 4a.
4. Find the phase difference between VAB and VBC voltages for R1=10kΩ (ØR1-C2) with the help
of osciloscope and write down it in Table 2.
5. Repeat step 4 to find phase difference for R 1=5kΩ and R1=15kΩ, and follow how the phase
difference changes on the oscilloscope. Then writhe down these phase differences in Table 2,
and draw the signs seen on the oscilloscope in Figure 4b.

Table 2. Results of experiment 2

R-C circuit
R1=5kΩ R1=10kΩ R1=15kΩ Complex Phasor
(R1=10kΩ) (R1=10kΩ)
VAC V VAC V VAC V VAC V VAC V
VBC V VBC V VBC V VBC V VBC V
VAB V VAB V VAB V VAB V VAB V
ØV1-C2 ØV1-C2 ØV1-C2 ØV1-C2 ØV1-C2
ØR1-C2 ØR1-C2 ØR1-C2 ØR1-C2 ØR1-C2
 KARADENIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical and Electronics Engineering

EEE1007 LABORATORY of FUNDAMENTALS of ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Figure 4a. Oscilloscope screen

Figure 4b. Oscilloscope screen

 KARADENIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical and Electronics Engineering

EEE1007 LABORATORY of FUNDAMENTALS of ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

3. EXPERIMENT: Serial R-L-C circuit

Elements Values
V1(t)
R1
C2
L3

Figure 5. AC R-L-C circuit

1. Design a series R-L-C circuit whose values you can assign yourself and set it up on the board.
2. Connect oscilloscope probes to the voltage source and the resistor, and observe these two
voltages from the oscilloscope. Then draw them in Figure 6, and write the maximum values
of them in Table 3.
3. Measure the phase difference between these two voltages and write down it in Table 3.

Figure 6. Oscilloscope screen

Table 3. Results of Experiment 3

R-L-C circuit
 KARADENIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical and Electronics Engineering

EEE1007 LABORATORY of FUNDAMENTALS of ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Experimental Results Complex Phasor

(R1=10kΩ) (R1=10kΩ)
VAC V VAC V VAC V VAC V VAC V
VBC V VBC V VBC V VBC V VBC V
VAB V VAB V VAB V VAB V VAB V
ØV1-R1 ØV1-R1 ØV1-R1 ØV1-R1 ØV1-R1

IMPORTANT NOTE
In order to be carried out the experiments properly, it is necessary to make preliminary
works and to know the theoretical part of the methods well. Because in order to find the
values such as current, voltage and resistance required in the experiment, you need to use the
information in theory and rearrange the circuit in accordance with the theory.