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 BP- 1 37

DAMA! SECONDARY SCHOOL

End-of-Year Exami nation 2022
$
DAM.{I

CANDIDATE NAME

CLASS INDEX NUMBER

SCIENCE
10 October 2022

Secondary 2 Express 2 hours

Setter: Ms Lenny Marlina 100 marks

Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet

Answer Booklet

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name, index number and class on all the work you hand in
Write in dark blue or black ink on both sides of the paper.
You may use an 28 pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or conection tape.

Section A
There are foity questions in this section. Answer all questions. For each question there are four
possible answers A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Multiple
Choice Answer Sheet-
Each conect answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deduc{ed for a wrong answer.

Section B
Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper.
ln calculations, you should show all the steps in your working, giving your answer at each stage.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

You are advised to spend no more than 60 minutes on Section A.

You may proceed to answer Section B as soon as you have completed Section A.

The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.

This document consists of 26 printed pages

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Sec{ion A
Answer all the questions on the separate Answer Sheet.

I Which of the following cannot be changed by applying a force?

A direction

B mass

C speed

D shape

2 The diagrams below show a V-shaped ob.iect placed in different orientations.

ln which orientation does the object exert maximum pressure on the surface it is resting?

A B

c D

3 ln Brazil, crops like com and sugarcane are grown and converted into alcohol to be used as
fuel for vehicles.

What energy source was described above?

A biotuels

B fossil fuels

C geothermal

D nuclear

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4 A girl pushes against a wall with an 80 N force. The wall did not move.

What is the work done by the girl?

A OJ

B 32J

c 80J

D 3200 J

5 The gravitauonal field strength is 2 N/kg on the Moon and 10 N/kg on the Earth. An astronaut
who was originally on the Moon heads to the Earth.

\ rhat effect does this have on the astronaut's mass and weight?

mass weight

A less on Earth same on the Earth and Moon

B more on Earth same on the Earth and Moon

c same on the Earth and Moon Iess on Earth

D same on the Earth and Moon more on Earth

5 MRT tracks are designed and laid out such that there are gaps between sections of the track,
as shown in the diagram below.
gaps

MRT tracks
Itf:
What is the main reason for having gaps in the train tracks?

A lt allows for contraction of the track during cold weather

B lt allows for expansion of the track during hot weather.

C It allows the tracks to be removed easily for repair.

D lt allows the trains to travel more smoothly.

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7 A metal container consists of three compartments, X, Y and Z. Each compartment contains

an equal amount of water but at different temperatures.

metal
container

X Z

lf thermal energy flows from X to Y and from Z to Y, what are the possible initial temperatures
of X, Y and Z?

X Z
A 50'c I 60'c 70 "c
I

B 50'c 70'c 60 "c

c 60'c 50'c 70 "c
D 60'c 70'c 50'c

I A bimetallic strip is made up of brass and steel.

Which strip shows the correct outcome when the strip is cooled?

steel
brass

A B c D

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9 The diagram shows a vaqrum flask and an enlarged view of a section through the flask wall

stopper

silvering
stopper

t...
silvering
liquid

Which of the following heat transfer process(es) iyare reduced by the silvering?

A by conduction and convection

B by conduction only

C by radiation and convection

O by radiation only

1O Aiuminium foils are often used to wrap the food that are to be barbecued. The aluminium foil
has a shiny side and a dull side.

Which of the following conectly explains how it works?

A The dull side should be on the inside because it is a better absorber of heat radiation.

B The dull side should be on the inside because it is a better conductor of heat.

C The shiny side should be on the inside because it allows convection cunent to be set
up.

D The shiny side should be on the inside because it reflects the trapped heat radiation to
the food.

11 Which of the following processes shows a chemical reaction taking place?

A adding salt to water

B buming a piece of wood

c melting an ice cube

D mixing water with chalk powder

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12 When magnosium is heated in air, it bums to form a white solid called magnesium oxide

Vvhat type of chemical change has occuned?

A combustion

B electrolysis

C neutralisatlon

D thermaldecomposition

'13 Which of the statements are true when a chemical reaction occurs?

I Atoms are destroyed so that new substances can be created.

il The atoms in the reactants reanange to form the producls.
lil The total mass ofthe reactants is the same as the total mass ofthe products
IV The number of atoms before and after the reaction remains the same.

A landll
B l, ll and lV

C ll and lll

D ll, lll and lV

14 Which is not an example of a harmful effect of chemical changes?

A burning of fossil fuels leading to air pollution

B cellular respiration in all living cells

c formation of acid rain

D rusting of iron bridges

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l5 The table below gives information about three indicators.

colour of pH at which colour colour of

indicator changes
indicator at pH 1 indicator at pH 12

thymol blue red 3 yellow

congo red blue 5 red

phenolphthalein colourless 10 red

Which of the following conectly describes the colour of the indicator when added into a
beaker of pure water?

thymol blue congo red phenolphthalein

A red blue red

I

B yellow blue colourless

c yellow red red

D yellow red colourless

16 Which is an example of a population?

A all of the animal species in Africa

B all ofthe herbivores in a forest

C all of the animals and plants living in a lake

D all of the pine trees growing in a forest

17 Which structural adaptation makes the tiger a good predator?

A rounded skull

B sharp teeth

c small ears

D thick fur

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18 The diagram shows an aquatic food web

blue whale killer whale

I
seagull
\ seal

fish squid

\
\ \
zoopiankton krill clab

\/
phytoplankton seaweed

Which statement is correct?

A There are three producers and two primary consumers.

B There are two herbivores and two tertiary consumers.

c There are two primary consumers and two secondary consumers

D There are two producers and three herbivores-

19 Tapeworms are flat, segmented worms that live in the intestines of some animals. The
tapeworm head adheres to the intestinal wall, grows and produces eggs.

tapeworm

intestinal wall
I

Which tem describes the intenelationship between the tapeworms and its host?

A feeding

B mutualism

C parasitism

D predator-prey

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20 Which is an example of sustainable use of resources?

A allowing only young fish to be caught

B controlling the numberoffish caught

C cutting down a forest and not replanting trees

D planting deforested areas with similar species of plants

21 The circuit below consists of a battery, two identical resistors, a light bulb, an ammeter and
a switch S.

S
I
I
Which of the following shows the ammeter reading and brightness of the bulb after switch
S is closed?

ammeter reading brightness of bulb

A decrease decrease

B increase increase
I

c same as before rncrease

D same as before same

22 The diagrams shor different ways of ananging identical resistors.

\ /hich anangement has the least resistance?

I
- B c D
A

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10

23 The diagram below shows a potential electrical hazard.

Which of the following statements best explains why it is a potential hazard?

A The amount of electric current flowing to each appliance is reduced.

B The appliances that are plugged into the power socket may be damaged.

c The power socket may explode

D Too much electric current is drawn causing overheating.

24 When a cunent of 6.0 A flows through a metallic conductor, the potential difference across
it is 24 V.

What is the resistance of this conductor?

A 0.25 r)

B 4.0 c)

c 30()

D 140r)

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11

25 The diagram below shows a correctly wired-up three-pin plug with the covar removed

x I

/
Z

What is the correct colour of each wire?

lt
X Z

A blue green and yellow brown

B blue brown green and yellow

c brown blue green and yellow

D green and yellow blue brown

26 ln which parts of the digestive system are proteins being digested?

I large intestine
il mouth
ilt small intestine
stomach

A Iand ll

B ll and lll

C ll and lV

D lll and lV

27 l/Vhy is digestion important?

A Digestion breaks down food into simpler, smaller and soluble substances for absorption.

B Digestion helps us to swallow food more easily.

C Digestion increases the amount of nutrients in food.

D Digestion removes the taste and smell so that food can be absorbed more easily.

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12

28 Which of the following is/are example(s) of physical digestion?

I chewing food in the mouth

il food pushed towards the stomach by the gullet muscles
ilt protease breaking down protein

A I only

I I and lll

C ll only

D lland lll

29 Which of the following is not true of bacteria?

A Bacteria are used to produce food items such as yoghurt and cheese.

B Bacterial infection can cause gastritis.

c Bacteria only causes harm to our digestive system

D Food contaminated by bacteria can lead to dianhoea or vomiting.

30 Which of the following does not prevent constipation?

A consuming less caffeine

B drinking more water

c eating food high in fibre

D having adequate exercise

I
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l3
3l The diagram shows cross-sections through three types of blood vessels, not drawn to scale

ZA
j v.-/d
\2)-..

What are V, W and X?

x
A artery I
capillary vein

B artery vein capillary

c vein artery capillary

D vein capillary artery

32 The diagrams show four components of blood.

AB c D

@ :&3d.o,"
o;Ooo

Vvhich component transports orygen to different parts of the body?

33 The diagram below shows a section of a plant stem which has been placed in red-coloured
water for one day.

ln which tissue would the red-coloured water be observed?

%
(D
v a A
B
c
.III D

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14

U The diagram shows the pathway of water movement from the soil into the root until it reaches
the upper part of a plant.

water flowing
upwards

4
I rli,1 .,
{ .! ,

t
'i

Which part(s) of the pathway involves osmosis?

A 1 only

B 2and3only

C 1, 2 and 3 only

D 1,2,3 and 4

35 What is the function of phloem?

A transports minerals to the roots

B transports starch to the roots

c transports sugar to the roots

D transports water to the roots

36 The diagram shows part of the male reproductive system.

Where are sperms produced?

A
c

D B

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15

37 The diagram shows some ofthe stages in human reproduction, starting from the ovum and
ending with foetus.

@ g @
123 4 5

Vvhere in the body does stage 2 take place?

A ovary

B oviduct

C vagina

D uterus

38 Vvhich of the following changes only occur in females during puberty?

A growth of armpit hair

B hips becoming broader and wider

C spurts in growth

O voice becoming deeper

39 Which of the following is true of sexually transmitted infections?

A Sexually transmitted infections can only be transmitted through sexual intercourse with
infected partneG.

B Syphillis and gononhoea are caused by bacteria.

C There is no cure for all sexually transmitted infections.

D Transmission of sexually transmitted infections can be completely prevented by using

condoms.

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16

40 Which of the following is true of the effect of substance abuse on a foetus?

A Alcohol consumption and abuse of drugs can only lead to behavioural challenges in the
child.

B Babies may be born premature with low birth weight.

c Babies may be born with yellow skin due to jaundice

D Smoking will only affect the development of the foetus' lungs

END OF SECTION A

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DAMAI SECONDARY SCHOOL

End-of-Year Exami nation 2022
$
DAM,{I

CANDIDATE NAME

CLASS INDEX NUMBER

SGIENCE
10 October 2022

Secondary 2 Express 2 hours

Setter: Ms Lenny Marlina 100 marks

ANSWER BOOKLET

Section Marks

A t40

B /60

Total / 100

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18

Section B
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1 A man push a box up a 4 m plank onto the back of his lorry which is 1.5 m high as shown
in the diagram below.

plank

box
I

lfim
1.5 m back of the
200 N lorry

3.7 m
400 N

(a) State the energy conversion as the man pushes the box along the plank to a height
above the ground.

energy ) energy

) . .. energy t31

(b) (i) Calculate the work done by the man to push the box up the full length of the
plank.

work done = J 121

(iD Suggest why the work done by the man to push the box up the lony is more
than the total gravitational potential energy gained by the box.

. t1I

(c) (D ldentify the contact force present between the box and the plank.

I1l

(iD Describe how this contact force can be reduced.

t11

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19

2 A small refrigerator is shown below. The refrigerator walls are made of smooth white
metal with a layer of polystyrene foam between the inner and outer walls.

polystyrene
foam
cooling coil

rI elo i
smooth white
surface for both
t ffi inner wall and
outer wall
'l{j
air pockets
h
(a) Explain why the surfaces of the outer wall are made smooth and white.

.......t21

(b) With reference to the concept of heat transfer, explain why polystyrene foam is used
between inner and outer walls.

tzl

(c) Explain how the inside of the refrigerator is eventually cooled.

t31

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20

3 The flowchart below shows how Epsom salts are produced commercially. Epsom salts
are often used in home treatments to help relax muscles and loosen stiff joints.

potassium magnesium

add water add dilute

hydrochloric acid
?
potassium hydrogen t
+ salt A gas B
hydroxide gas

mix

aqueous magnesium
hydroxide

add dilute sulfuric acid

salt solution C

pure, dry crystals of

Epsom salt

(a) ldentify the unknown substances, A, B and C.

C t3l

(b) Describe a test and its observation to confirm the identity of gas B.

test: l1l

observation:

t11

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21

(c) (0 Name the chemical reaction between aqueous magnesium hydroxide and
dilute sulfuric acid.

tll
(ii) State the expected pH of salt solution C and describe how to confirm its pH
using known indicators.

pH of salt solution t11

test:

t1l

4 The diagram below shows a food web.

snake

ftog

I
dragonfly
bird spider

I
aphid beetle caterpillar

\ /\/
flowering tree
plant

(a) State the ultimate source of energy for food webs.

.l1l

(b) (i) ldentify the producer(s) from the food web.

t11

(iD Explain the role of the producers within the ecosystem.

t21

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22

(e) A disease killed most of the snakes in the food web.

Describe what happens to the population of each ofthe following organism

Explain the reasons for it.

(i) frogs

..t21

(ii) caterpillars

l2l

5 An electrical toaster has a power rating label printed on the bottom of the appliance as
shown in the diagram below.

Toaster
I Model 202200
\
23O -240V - 60 Hz
900 w

(a) (i) Calculate the electrical energy consumption of the electric toasler if it was
used for t hour a day for one week.

electrical consumption = . .kwh t2l

(iD Hence, calculate the cost of using the electric toaster lor a week given that
the electricjty tariff is $0.20 per kWh.

cost = $..... t11

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23

(b) The heating element of the electric toaster canied a current of 7.0 A when operated
on the 240 V mains supply.

Mary bought a fuse with a rating of 5.0 A and used it for the mains plug for the
electric toaster-

(i) State the purpose of a fuse.

t1I

(ii) Suggest what happened to the 5.0 A fuse when it was used.

t3I

6 The diagram below shows part of the human digestive system and its associated organs.

(a) On the diagram, draw label lines with letters to show,

P- where gastric juice is released

Q - where all carbohydrates, fats and proteins are completely digested

R - where some water and mineral salts are absorbed ftom

t3I

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24

(b) A student investigated the digestion of tats by an enzyme from structure Q.

He found that as the fats were digested, the pH of the solution changed from pH I
to pH 6.

Explain why the digestion of fats changed the pH of the solution.

(c) Patients with diabetes are unable to produce a protein, insulin, to regulate their
blood glucose concentration.

(i) Describe how the level of blood glucose in diabetic patients differ from that of
normal heathy individuals.

t11

(ii) Suggest one way how the risk of diabetes can be reduced.

t1l

7 Substances in living things move around the organisms by diffusion and osmosis-

(a) State one similarity and one difference between diffusion and osmosis

simllarity: ...

t11

difference:

t1l

(b) Explain how mineral salts from the soil are taken in by the root cells of a plant and
ultimately reach the rylem.

t3l

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25

I The diagram shows how the thickness of the uterus lining changes during a menstrual
cycle.

day
2g I 2
6 3

.f
ei -J

N-l E

c..l

6
thickness of i
uterus lining
€,\
9r 9t tl

(a) Explain what is meant by menstruation.

..... .t21

(b) (i) Describe what happens on day 14 of the menstrual rycle.

t1l

(ii) Describe what happens from days 20 to 28 of the menstrual rycle.

t2t

(c) (i) On the diagram, circle the days which fall within the fertile period. t1l

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26

(ii) A manied couple is not ready to have children and would like to prevent a
pregnancy from occurring.

State one example of a temporary birth control method that can be utilised by
each gender and explain how it prevents pregnancy.

example of temporary birth how it prevents pregnancy

control method

for males

for females

t4l

END OF SECTION B

END OF PAPER

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Sec 2E EOY EXAM 2 MARKING SCHEME

SECTlol.l A

1
B 11 B B 31 B

A 1: A 3?

D 33 r
4 4,1
B 24 B c
5 D '15 o 25 0
6 B 16 D D 36 E

7 c B ?t A 37 B

A 18 o 28 A I
B

I D 1S c 29 39 B

10 B tv E A B

SECTION B

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Reject: add lubricant; add oil; make the plank smooth (these suggestions will
not allow a pe6an to push the box up the ramp safely and effec{ively.)

Marker's comments:
o Question 2 (a) showed distinction between students of higher and lower readiness with the
former group highlighting the idea of poor absoher of infrared radiation specifically instead of
heat. Some students stated the idea of being both "poor emifter and absorbef' of infrared
radiation/heat without understanding that only one of them applies in lhls case.
Some others had the misconception that the outer wall was smooth and white as ll ls a 'poor
conductor of heat".
When it is about radiation, need to mention "infrared radiation" or "radiant heat".
o For 2 (b), some students inconeclly stated that polystyrene foam is a poor conductor of heat
without mentioning the prcsence of ah pockets being the key factor.
o 2 (c) was genenlly well wriften and showed understanding of the relationship between ideas
of coolinglosing heat and density. Some studenfs had the misanception that the I

prc,cesgcycle was convection rather than a convection cunent being set up.
2 (a) . Smooth and white surface is a poor absorbcr of infrared radiation. A1

tt o This reduces the inftared radiation absorbed by the refrigerator trom the A1

surrounding, thus lowering the interior temperature of the fiidge.

Accept: poor absorber of radiant heat; to reffect infra-red radiation
Rejectr poorlbad conductors ol infra-red radislion/ heat; poor absorbers of
I heal (need to rnention either infra-red radiation or radiant heat to distinguish
absorbent af heat transfened by other processes)
(b) . Polystyrene foam contains many air pockets and air is a poor conductor of A1

heat.
. This rcduces heat gained by the refiigerator lhrough conduc'tion A1
I

Reject: polyst,T ene foam is a poor conductor of heat

(c) How cool air circulates around refrigerator:
. The air near the cooling coil/at the top cools and contracts, causing its A1

densitv to increase and sinks to the bottom.

The warmer air at the bottom, which is less dense, rises to the too and get
cooled Al
This ryde of sinking and rising repeats and set up the convection cunent
in the air which cools the refrigerator. A1

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Marker's comments:
o Overall Questian 3 was generally well done with srtudents being able to answer most of the
questions correctly.
o Quesfion 3 (b) was generally well written with students understanding the test for hydrogen
gas. However, to highlight the need to state "lighted splint" insfead of smply stating lighting a
wooden splint. This is to emphasize idea of a lighted splint to differentiate test for hydrogen
l gas to oxygen gas (which is to use a glowing splint but also need a wooden splint to be
l
lighted up first.)
o Far 3 (c) i), some students misread the question and stated the equation instead of the name
3 (a) A: magnesium chloride
B: hydrogen gas
C: magnesium sulfate and water
Accept: aqueous magnesium sulfate for C
(b) Test: insert a liqhted sDlint A1

Accept: lighted splint test A1

Rejeci: simply stating "light*$ $piinf'; lighl a uGoden $pli$t {this could lead to
either a lighted splint or gi$wi Q spilnt, x test rar oxyg*n gas)
Observations: Liqhted splint extinouished with a 'ooo' sound
(c) (i) neutralisation A1

(ii) pH of salt solution C: pH 7 A1

test (any one): A,I

. Add a few drops of Universal indicator + turns green
. Use moist blue alg red litmus papers + both remain blue and red
respectively
Reject - if observation of only one litmus is stated eg. red litmus remains red

llarker's comments:
o For 4 (b) ii), generally not well wriften. Common inconect answers was that producers
produce/ provide food for prlmary consumers/ hetbivores/ ansumers (without mention of the
impoftance of the food cantaining the energy) or that the energy is transfened to primary
consumers without mention of energy transfer to other consumers down the food chain.
o For 4 (c), generally students understood and able to articulate the link between decrease in
population of predators and increase in population of their prey and vice versa.
Sorne sfudents h ave the misconception that there were no snakes when it was mentioned
that most and not all snakes were killed.
4 (a) Sun / sunlighv light energy (from the sun) A1

Accept: solar energy

Page 3 of 9

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(b) (i) producers - flowedng plant + tree A1

(ii) Role of producers:

. Absorbs sunlight to be used in photosynthesis to produce food A1

. Food produced stores chemical potential energy which is transfened A1

to consumers in the food chain

Accept: gets energy from sun to produce food;
help provide primary consumers with food with energy in it and transfers
energy when secondary consumer consumes it;
provide energy to consumers;
to convert light energy from the sun to chemical energy that can be food for
other organisms;
provide energy to the food web.
Reject: provide food for primary consumers
(c) (i) frogs:
o population of frogs increases
. less predation by snakes/ less being fed on by snakes
Reject: snakes "hunt' frogs
(ii) caterpillars
. population of caterpillars decreases A1

. population offogs, birds and spiders increases, which means that A1

there will be a greater number of predators feeding on caterpillars;

more competation for food from increased population of frogs and other
predators, birds and spiders
Reject: if stated there is no more predators preying on if (or ideas indicating

extinction of a species)
Markels comments:
o Sfudenfs generally did well for 5 (a).
o For 5 (b), there was quite a repetition of answers between pafts (i) and (ii) suggesting that
students were unsure in differentiating putposefiunction and how the component wotks.
Some sfudents had the miscon@ption that fuses will "blow up" or "explode".
5 (a) (i) Power used = 900 W / 1000 = 0.9 kW
ln one week = 0.9 kW x 7 h A,I

= 6.3 kwh A1

(ii) cost = 6.3 kWh x gg.2g = $1.26 [allow for ECF] A1

(b) (i) Purpose of fuse:

. to proted elec rical appliance from excess cunent A1

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Accept: prevent appliances from overheating due to excessive flow of cunent;

protects appliance when there is too much current flowing
I
(students should not be explaining how the fuse works in this part.)

Reject to prevent electrical fire (without mentioning idea of overheating

happening first);
fuse melts and opens the circuit:
to melt and open the circuit to prevent electrical fire when current exceeds
fuse rating;
to prevent electrical shock;
stops flow of electric current when amount of currenl exceeds current rating;
prevents overheating of appliancss (without mentioning rrrhen current exceeds
cunent rating)
(ii) What happened to 5.0 A tuse:

I . cunent that flows through appliance is larger than fuse rating A1

. this causes the thin wire inside the fuse to overheat and melt A1

. circuit becomes open + no cunent is able to ffow through A1

Accept: fuse will melt

Reject: fuse will blcw o 1

Marker's comments:
o Quesfion 6 (b) showed distinction between students who have stronger conceptual
knowledge than others. So/re sruderts had the incorrect idea that enzymes/ lipases are
acidic and the fats are alkaline, suggesting lack of understanding that the dig$tive juices are
the ones that created the alkaline or acidic environment and not specifially enzymes. Some
I

also incorrectly thought that fats are gested in the stomach.

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6 (a ) A1

each

I
)

R
o

I
I

(b) . fats digested to fatty acids and glycerol A1

. Presence of fatty acids reduces the pH A1

Accept: end products of digestion of fats contain more acids

(c) (i) higher level of blood glucose A1

(ii) How to reduce risk of diabetes (any one): A1

o Avoid smoking and drinking alcohol

. Have a balanced and healthy diet
r Avoid consuming food that are hQh in salt, sugar and saturated fats

I
o Exercise regularly
Acc€pt: cut down consumption of carbohydrates
Reject: do more exercises (not about doing more but rather to do it regularly);
control sugar intake (without mentioning how ie. more or less sugar?);
eat lesser food containing high amounts of sugar (diabetics should not even
I
consume any food with high amounts of sugar);
I
I
ingest less sugar (sugar can be found in other types of food and cutting dor/n
I
on sugar sweetener itsetf may not be a good way)
I

Ma*efs @mments:
o Quesr,bn 7 was generally well wriften by students who have stronger content kaowledge.
Some sfudenfs rnanectly assumed that movement of mineral salk was by osmosis even
I

though they have conec y descibed the entire movement to the xylem.
7 (a) similarity: A1

Both involves movement of substances down concentration / water potential

gradient;

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movement from a region of a higher concentration to a region of a lower I

concentration I

Reject: movement from a higher region to a lower region

A1

difference:
osmosis involves water molecules and a partially permeable membrane but
difiusion do not.
Accept diffiJsion involves movement of all types of molecules but osmosis
involves movement of water molecules only.
(b) Movement of mineral salts:
r there is a higher concentration of mineral salts in the soil than in the root A1

cells.
. mineral salts diffuses into the root cells down concentration gradient A1

. continues to do so until it reaches the xylem A1

Marker's comments:
o Queslion 8 (a) was well written by students who have memoized definifions^ Some got
confused with the ideas of monslruation and ovulation ar had the misconeption that an ovum
was released duing menstruation.
o Studenfs generally were able to stafe a type of temporary birth control method for I (q bd
I some had misconception on how the birth control works u dated the inconect pafts ofthe
female reproductive system in which the bifth contrd eg. diaphragm would be placed.
8 (a) Menstruation:
. lining of uterus and blood vessels break down A1

o discharged through the vagina with the unfertilized egg A1

Accept inner lining of uterus breaks down

Reject breakdown of uterus:
shedding ot uterine lining:
breaking down of uterus lining and release of a mature egg;
discharge of ovum, uterine lining and waste in the uterus;
discharge of ovum and uterine lining (without mentioning idea of dead owm
and that the uterine lining was broken down).
(b) (i) one ovary releases an egg into the oviduct A1

[reject - ovulation]
Accept: egg released from one of the ovary
Reject: ova released from ovary

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(ii) days 20 - 28:

. lining of uterus continues to thicken A1

o ff there is no fertilization, lining will break down A1

Accept: uterus lining thickens; maintains its thickness; uterine lining is the
thickest
(c) (i) circle days ll -17 A1

[accept - days 10 - 15]

(ii) Any one appropriate example for each gender + conect explanation

example of
temporary how it prevents pregnancy
birth control method
for males M
condom Prevents sperm from being
I
deposited in vagina and
entering the uterus
I

spermicide kills sperm in the vagina

M
for females
birth control pills disrupt release of eggs from
ovaries and prevent
fertilization;
prevents ovulation; release of
owm from ovary

I
intra-uterine device prevents embryo ftom being
I implanted into uterus
I

diaphragm prevents sperms from

entering the uterus through
cervix

Accept: avoid sexual intercourse

o rhythm method during the days within fertile
period

o spermicide to kill sperms in the vagina

I
Reject:
Condom - blocks sperms from meeting ovum (without specifying exactly how
this happens); prevents semen to fuse with ovum; by preventing sperms from
reacting ovum
Spermicide - to kill sperms (without mentioning where this would happen)
Birth control pills - prevents fertilization; stops ovaries from producing eggs

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Diaphragm - by not allowing sperms to enter the vagina {diaphragm is placed

tt within the cervix so semen is still able to enter the vagina region)

END OF MARKING SCHEME

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