Soares Time: Hours] PHYSICS General Instructions: (1) The question paper is divided into four sections: park each. 7 Session 4:0. No, 1 contains 10 matiple choice type of questions caring © No, 2 contains 8 very short answer type of questions carrying ™e (ti) Section BQ, No, 310.Q. No. 14 contains 12 short answer type questions carry! (Attempt any Bight marks ft aeteec oneise arene en type questions carrying 8 marks each (Attemp: any Bight marks fiv) Section DQ. No. 2710 fe 21 contains 5 long answer type af questions carrying # marks each (Attempt any Three) 2) Use of tog table is allowed. Use of calculator is not allowed (8). Figure to the right indicat full marks. (4) For each MCQ's correct answer must be written along with its alphabets. a 8 (A) one) or 0) rn HA) sss et only, frst attempt will be considered for evaluation (5) Physical constants i) Mass of electron, m 85 = 1012 C2/ Nn (iii) Charge on electron, e = 1.6 « 101°C fiv) Wy = 4x x 10-7 Wb/Am warke each. () he 6.63% 10% Js, (oi) €= 3 * 10° m/s _ (oi) en 3.142 Ercan Q.1, Select and write the correct answer for the following multiple choice type of equations: [19 (i) The St unit of viscosity is (cn-2) : 8 Nm? Ns? “= Oe oo) = = () We (3) Colours of a shining bright star is an indication of its. (ch) (0) distance from the earth (b) size (c) temperature (a) mass (15) In which thermodynamic process does the volume of system remain constant? (Ch-4) () Isobaric (0) Isothermal (c} Adiabatic (2) Isochoric (W1IT in 8 resonance tube an oil of density higher than that of water is used then resonance frequency would. (chs) (8) increase (0) decrease (c) slightly increase (4) remain the same (©) fa an interference experiment a transparent glass plate with refractive index 'n’ and thickness ‘is introduced between the slit and the sereen, the optical path shifts by (chen (a) (n+ aye (>) (n—a)t (e) (n— 1p (a) n-ne (vi) For series LCR circuit at resonance the impedance ofthe circuit is equal to - (Ch-12) (a) inductive reactance () capacitive reactance (c) resistance (9) inductive and capacitive reactance both (8) In Bohr model of an atom which ofthe following is an integral multiple of > (on-1 a Qn = (a) Kinetic energy (b) Radius of the atom —_(c) Potential energy (a) ecu ‘Angular mom (vill) A mass 'm’ attached to a spring oscillates. every 2 seconds. If isit increases by 1 second. The initial mass is eg msi by 2 keg then the time pei (a) 1.6 kg (b) 2.4 kg (©) 3.2kg (is) In biprism experiment, the distance of @ point on the sorven a au (a) 1.4 kg. Ir the wavelength of ight used is 6000 A. The finge formed st Gage 8 1-8 «10% m and 1.23 » 10° (a) 10% bright (b) 10 darie ota 8 fh) 5 (a) 9% bright (s) In common emitter amplifier, current gain is 80 it \ ; Aandemitter current is 9m. The base current i | (cs6 (a) gpma (b) 8ma (oy 2 1 8 (4) > map ee o ‘i que. - What is light emitted di per 2021 _ ower ene FOUOWINE ass ete te formula FOF Moment of inertia of 03] me angle of contact, (Ch-2) @ Solid sphere about : ef out an axis p centre. (Ch-1) wassing through its centre: ( an isothermal process? (ch.4) On a parti Particle executing linear SHM is maximum? (© eed of 50 ile, (cha) ™/® Parallel to the direction of magnetic Feld, find the empt any EIGHTof the follo attempt any he following questions: * p26) praw a neat, labelled diagram of Ferry’s black body. (ch: - (Ch-3) yrite a note on free expansion in thermodynamic process. (Ch-4) what is magnetization? Write its unit and dimensions. (Ch-3) grate any two conditions for steady interference pattern, (Ch-7) with help of suitable diagram state the expression for Biot-Savart's law in vector form (Ch-10) state Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction. (¢h-12) peplain why the total impedance of a circuit decreases when a capacitor is added in series with inductor and resistor. (Ch-13) reated as a point mass) is to undertake horizontal circles inside the cylindrical wall of A motor cyclist (to be t the wall is 0.2. Calculate the 1 of inner radius 4 m, The co-efficient of static friction between tyres and a well ich-1) minimum speed and period necessary to perform this stunt. .p bubbles of radii in the ratio 4:5. (Ch-2) Compare the amount of work done in blowing two soat a string vibrating with frequency Find the distance between two successive antinodes in a stationary wave on 32 Hz. [Speed of wave = 48 m/s] (Ch-°) ‘The e.m.f, of a cell is balanced by a length resistance of 50 @ the balancing length is reduced by 20 cm- ‘The photoelectric work function for a metal is 5 eV. Calculate the threshold frequency for the metal. (Ch-14) [24] Attempt any EIGHT of the following: agram, explain the experimental set-up for photoelectric effect. (Ch-14) working of a LED. (h16) pacity for combination of three capacitors connected in series. (Ch-8) theory. (h-2) tum, (Ch-S) tion of a plane wavefront. (Ch-7) of 320 om of the potentiometer wire. When a cell is shunted by a Find internal resistance of the cell. (C/-9) With a neat, labelled schematic di: liode? Explain Obtain an expression for equivalent ©! we Explain surface tension on the basis of ‘molecular Derive an expression for period of @ simPle pendul struc State Huygens’ principle. Explain geomet” (cha) Obtain the expression for Bohr magneto” eae 82 sir are 775 ™ 90d 771 ™ ‘They produce 9 beats per second. Calculate The wavelength of two sound waves #? Velo ir. (Ch) i 7 city of sound in air. (C° of 2.3 A. Obtain the magnitude of magnetic field at the centre carries a current Acireula: jus 9.2 em loop of radius crs) Sfoop, Also state dimesions ofQ.26. Q.30. Q.31 ram's XII Physics Papers Solution 0.5 mole of gas at temperature 450 K expands isothermally from an initial volume of 2 L to final volume of 9 (a) What is the work done by the gas? (R = 8.319 J mol! K"!) (b) How much heat is supplied to the gas? (ch) An alternating e.m.f. ¢ = 200 sin 314.2t volt is applied between the terminals o has a resistance of 1002. Calculate the following: (a) RMS current an electric bulb whose filament (b) Frequen: y of AC signal (ce) Period of AC signal (Ch-19) p |, 0) in a region of ‘Two charges of magnitude § nC and -2 nC are placed at points (2 em, 0, 0) and (20 em, 0, O) ee . (Ch8) space where there is a no external field. Find electrostatic potential energy of the system. ( Be one) Attempt any THREE of the following: Using the energy conservation, derive the expression for minimum speeds at different cular motion controlled by gravity. (Ch-1) Explain the conversion of a Moving Coil Galvanometer (MCG) into an ammeter. Obtain necessary formula, State any two advantages of potentiometer over voltmeter. (Ch-9) 113 t locations along a vertical State: (a) Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation (b) Wien’s displacement law, The difference between two molar specific heats of a gas is 6000 J/kg K. If the ratio of specific heats is 1.4, calculate the molar specific heat at constant volume. (Ch 3 Define the following: (a) Self inductance (6) Mutual inductance A straight conductor is moving with a velocity of 3 m/s, at right angles to a magnetic field 4.5 x 10° Wb/m?. Ifan e.m.f. developed between its ends is 1.35 « 10° volt, calculate the length of straight conductor. (Ch-12) State any two limitations of Bohr's atomic model. ‘The half life of a radioactive species is 3.2 days. Calculate decay constant (per day). (Ch-15)sect and write the correct answer: yf viscos 7 vse unit of viscosity is: N {10} |; — vs of @ shining bright star is an co! 1 Sieation ofits 72 intfeance rom the earth (sie | Hemperature ee, i) temperature ; ( a : m= >= 16kg) _ wabich thermodynamle process does the 3 # yf system remain ee a fie . (b) I . stant? (ix) In biprism experiment, the distance of eee isothermal «point on the sereen from the slits is i diabatic (6) Tsochove Lg 10! m and 1.23 * 10° m. If the ys. (@ Isochoric ‘ wavelength of light used is 60004. «thin aresonance tube a oil of density higher ‘The fringe formed at that point is that of water is used then resonance (a) 10% bright ——_(b) 10" dark (c) 9 dark (a) 9 bright frequency would (a) ncrease (0) decrease ‘Ans. (b) 10" dark ic) slightly inerease (4) remain the same us. fd) remain the same ninterference experiment transparent Ax = (2r yh =n sina Inge plate with refractive index ‘n’ and os elekness ‘t’ is introduced between the slit ae ae a ind the sereen, the optical path shifts by : foment (b) (me and % = 6000 A = 6000 x 10° m (o) fn pe (a) (n-ne 1/2407 «10% bs b)in= Nt n= 3 Feo0010 +i}-10 | |v) For series LCR circuit at resonance the © thus 10% dock ringeieobtained] | impedance of the circuit is equal to eon enter amplifier, current gxin ‘80 and emitter current is 9 mA, The base (a) inductive reactance (bj capacitive reactance eacent i (0) resistance (a) inductive and capacitive reactance both (b) 8mA ‘Ss. (cl resistance mark} a 1°) im Bohr model of an atom, which of the (a) gma following is an integral multiple of 3? (a yf the atom (b) Radius of ©) Kinetic energy om lar moment °| Potential energy (4) Angul (d) Angular momentum mass ‘m’ attached to « spring oseilates very 2 seconds. If the mass if increase ty 2 ig then the time period increases PY I second, The initial mass #6 ———— cy, 811.6 kg (b) 2.4 kg (6) 3-2 8B (ay. 816 kgOO EOE 258 Q.2. Answer the following {08} | (0) State the formula for moment of inertia of a solid sphere about an axis passing through its centre. | 's. Mal. of a solid sphere about an axis passing | through its centre is given by, (ii) Ans, Define angle of contact. Angle of contact: The angle of contact, 6, between a liquid and a solid surface is defined as the angle between the tangents drawn to the free surface of the liquid and surface of the solid at the point of contact, measured within the liquid ( What is an isothermal process? Isothermal process: A process in which change in pressure and volume takes place at a constant temperature is called an isothermal process or isothermal change. For a such a system, AT = 0, me At which position, the restoring force acting on a particle executing linear SHM is maximum? (iv) Ans. (vi Ans. (vii) Ans. (viii Ans. ae uTTAM’s XII Physics Papers Solution ) When is an AC cireuit non inductive? An AC circuit is non inductive when inductive and capacitive reactances are equal, i.e, eas bet : etween iny What is the phase difference ry , signal voltage and output signal voltage in CE amplifier? The phase difference between input signal signal voltage in CB voltage and output 3 amplifier is 180° or r° 1 ) Calculate the minimum energy required to take an electron from the ground state to the first excited state in hydrogen atom. BE, =-13.6eV, E, --34eV aE = E,-E, -3.4 - (-13.6) -3.4+ 13.6 = 10.2eV 1 ma ) If a charge of 50 uC is moving with speed of 50 m/s parallel to the direction of magnetic field, find the mechanical force acting on charged particle. Ifthe velocity 0 of a charged particle is parallel to the magnetic field B, the magnetic force is zero. F =a(o*B) = q (vB sin 6) for parallel, 6 = 0 sin 9 = sind = 0 » Fr qx0-0 (1 mark} Sree) (ii) It is an instantaneous change and the system Ans. The restoring force acting on a particle executing linear SHM is maximum at extreme position, > Attempt any EIGHT: [16] Q.3. Draw a neat, labelled diagram of Ferry’s black body. (2) | Ans. Double Siler polished Loalled Conical et YL) incident / Iperture Surface coated e | p< Sernciaton | | with lamp black | Bracuated space | | Fig. Perry's Black body (iagram - 1 mark, Labelling - 1 mark) | Q.4. Write a note on free expansion in| thermodynamic process. (2) | Ans. Free expansion: ‘These expansions are adiabatic expansion. Change in internal energy is zero. Workdone considered is also zero. Only initial and final state can be plotted. PV diagram cannot be plotted. (i) (i) (iv) Qs. Ans. is not in thermodynamic equilibrium. It is ‘uncontrolled change. )) e.g. When ¢ balloon is ruptured suddenly, or a tyre is suddenly punctured or appreciable bust the tyre. (4 mark for each point) - What is magnetization? Write its unit and dimensions. (2) Magnetization: The ratio of magnetic ‘moment to the volume of the material is called magnetization. ‘The magnetic dipole moments are randomly, oriented and hence the net dipole moment of many of the bulk materials is zero. For some materials (such as Fe,0,) the vector addition ofall these magnetic dipole moments may not be zero. Such materials have a net magnetic moment, (4 mark) Moet Volume M is vector equality. Sl unit is Am, Dimensions are [L"!M°TT})2021 te? 259 song any two co é erence pattern, fOr steady IR eric a {hen cab, temple of re se igh SOUTEES URL be coher se 11 ollght 8UCES MUSE bemmonge thy = (RK fi) BY qvo light sources shoud hae Comparing equations (i) and (i, it ean be ia MEpimess and equal amply, VS €UaL a ree when "two light sources s meno ® should be narrow ih help of suitable diagra The total impedance of circuit decreases A capacitor is aclded in series with I. and R. 1a im stat vee tession for Biot-Savart’ fe the as 'S law in vector 910. A motor eyelat (to be treated as a point (2) mans) is to undertake horizontal clrcl inside the cylindrical wall of a well of a inner radius 4 m. The co-efficient of static friction between tyres and the wall is 0.2. Calculate the minimum speed and period | necessary to perform this stunt. 2) Ans. Given: r= 4m, g= 9.8 m/s? H, = 0-2, To find: yyy = 7, T=? fg [rams =e current carrying wire produces magnetic _ e398 feld. Biot-Savart law helps to calculate this ~\o2 magnetic field. The above figure shows the imoitrarily shaped wire carrying current | Yin = 14-m/8 mah =? i) vamark) a : Zeq= RFK XP260 ae2 2 4-8 ” 33 A= 15m rk Distance between two successive antinodes - ark 1 = 8 .075m 2.19. The e.m-f. of a cell is balanced by a length 0f 320 om of the potentiometer wire. When a cell is shunted by a resistance of 5001 the balancing length is reduced by 20 em. Find internal resistance of the cell. @) Ans, Given: 1, = 320 em, l, = 300 em, R= 50.2. To find: Internal resistance, (r) = ? (ana Ans. Trans XII Physics Papers Solution (320 - 209) : r = 50 —30¢ r = 33339 A) work function for a Toe Piotiey. Calculate the threshold frequency for the metal. o 2) Given: ) = 5eV = 5*1.6* 107d =8x 10d, h = 6.63 «10° S.s., To find: v= ? b= 0 = to h 8x 1079 6.63 « 10 1.207 « 10! Hz Sereno > Attempt any EIGHT: [24] Q.15. With a neat, labelled schematic diagram, explain the experimental set-up for photoelectric effect. (3) Ans. * Diagram: re 4 _ouarts window: (Photosensitive -* “ Emitter plate Electrons Collector plate | ig. Bxperimental set-up for photoelectric effect (Diagram -1 mark) * Construction: A laboratory experimental set up for the photoelectric effect consists of an evacuated glass tube with a quartz window. | The glass tube contains photosensitive metal | plates. One is the emitter E and another plate | is the collector C. ‘The emitter and collector are connected to a voltage source whose voltage can be changed and to an ammeter to measure the current in the circuit. A potential difference of V, as | measured by the voltmeter, is maintained petween the emitter (E) and collector (C). | Generally, C (the anode) is at a positive potential with respect to the emitter E (the cathode). This potential difference can be varied and C can even be at negative potential with respect to E. Working: When the anode potential (V) is positive, it accelerates the electrons. This potential is called accelerating potential. ‘When the anode potential (V) is negative, it retards the flow of electrons. This potential is known as retarding potential. ‘The source S of monochromatic light of sufficiently high frequency (short wavelength < 10° m) is used. (1 mark (0 mark) What is light emitted diode? Explain working of a LED. (3) « LED: The light Emitting Diode or LED is @ diode which emits light when large forward current passes through it 1 mark} Working of LED: When LED is forward biased, electrons from the semiconductor’s conduction band recombine with holes from the valence band releasing sufficient energy to produce photons which emits 4 monochromatic light. Because of the thin layer reasonable number of these photons can leave the junction and emit coloured light. The amount of light output is directly Proportional to the forward current. Thus, higher the forward current, higher is the light output. The following figure schematically shows the emission of light when electron” hole pair combines. mark) a ata ie A eA llttt —_— | p-yPe “Depletion region "PE || —i_———— gchematically shows working of « photo-diode re @iagrar expression for equivalent | for combination of three | (3) | | Tie. Capacitor series. = (Diagram - % marky | te capacitors are said to be connected in | senes if they are connected one after the | Sther in the form of chain. Let capacitors C,,_ @, Gy be connected in series as shown in | above gure V,, V2, Vg be the corresponding potential differences in the capacitors. | Suppose a potential difference ‘V’ is applied across the combination. The left plate of | capacitor C, has a charge +Q. An equal but opposite charge —Q is induced on the right | plate of this capacitor. This charge ~Q induces | a charge +Q on the left plate of C, and so on. Thus, each capacitor receives a magnitude | of charge Q. Hence, when the capacitor are | connected in series, same current flows | through them and all have the same charge +Qinduced on the plate. (4 mark) Thus, potential difference induced across capacitors is given by, p Q Q i Yeo aa a) a V2 es Cy Total potential difference 'V’ combination is given by across the V=V,+V,+Vy ve (i) (mark) 2 | 3 | z (1 mark) 263 pasis OF Q.18. Explain surface tension 0” the (3) molecular theory. Ans. © Diagram: " / ly Li xt 4 re CMY I LS | Bene | fa) ao —b) Pig. [a] Sphere of influence and (b) Surface film piagra” + Explanation: Consider molecules A, B and C in a liquid in a vessel 5 re etGcaie A is well inside the liquid, ‘he molecule B within surface film and molecule Cis on the surface of liquid as shown in @ above figure. ‘The sphere of influence entirely inside the liquid. Ais acted upon by equal co directions. Thus, the net col on molecule A is zero. a For molecule B, a large part of its sphere of influence is inside the liquid and a smaller part is outside the surface (in air). The adhesive force acting on molecule B due to air molecules above it and within its sphere of influence is weal compared to strong downward cohesive force acting on the molecule. As a result, the molecule B gets attracted inside the liquid of the molecule A is ‘As aresult, molecule hesive forces in all hesive force acting For molecule C, half of the sphere of influence is in air and half is in liquid. As density of air is much less than that of liquid, number of ‘air molecules within the sphere of influence of the molecule C above the free surface of the liquid is much less than the numbers of liquid molecules within the sphere of influence that lies within the liquid. Thus, the adhesive force due to the air molecules acting on molecule C js weak compared to the cohesive force acting on the molecule. As a result, the molecule C also gets attracted inside the liquid.) mars ‘Thus, all molecules in the surface film are acted upon by an unbalanced net cohesive force directed into the liquid. Therefore, the molecules in the surface film are pulled inside the liquid. This minimizes the total number of molecules in the surface film, As a result, the surface film remains under tension. ‘The surface film of a liquid behaves like a stretched elastic membrane, This tension is known as surface tension and the force due to it acts tangential to the free surface of a liquid. * mark.262 Q.19. Ans. (a) (b) i (ii) AS But Derive an expression for period of a simple pendulum. (3) Rigid support “mg cos @ mgt Pp, Simple pendatum Let ‘m’ be the mass of the bob and T’ be the tension in the string. Let L be the length of the pendulum. The pendulum remains in equilibrium in the position OA with the centre of gravity of the bob, vertically below the point of suspension O. If now the pendulum is displaced through a small angle @, called angular amplitude and released, it begins to oscillate on either side of the mean (equilibrium) position in a single vertical plane. In the displaced position (extreme position) two forces are acting on the bob, Force T’ due to tension in the string, directed along the string towards the support Weight mg, in the vertically downward direction. At the extreme position, there should not be any net force along the string. The component of mg can only balance the force due to tension. This weight mg is components: ~ The component mg cos@ along the string, which is balanced by the tension 7’. ‘The component mg sin® parallel to the string is the restoring force acting on mass mtending to return it to the equilibrium position resolved into two . f= mgsin® oll) 112 mar’ @ is small, sin @= 0 2 f= -mg@ li) a= = (from figure) z mm as (ai eos ng ma = -mg7- Q.20. Aas. urra’s Xi Physics Papers Solution, a= -97 @ fin magnitude) (iv) x L ‘The period of simple pendulum is, 2n T= “Feceleration per unit displacement yajx L \— () Te 2nie State Huygens’ principle. Explain geometrical construction of a plane wavefront. (3) + Huygen’s principle: Every point on a wavefront acts as a secondary source of light and sends out secondary wavelets in all directions. The secondary wavelets travel with the speed of light in the medium. These wavelets are effective only in the forward direction and not in the backward direction, At any instant, the forward-going envelope or the surface of tangency to these wavelets gives the position of the new wavefront at that instant. Explanation: Let AB be a plane wavefront at time t = 0. According to Huygen’s principle every point on this wavefront will act as a secondary source of light and will emit secondary wavelets as shown in the figure. These secondary wavelets are effective only in a forward direction. BB Wavefront! |, | ae att=0 >| im! B+} Secondary LY wavelets co} bd Dey LA] we ig. Progress ofa plane wave-tront wr Wave-front after time T (Diagram - 1 mark The wavelets will be in the form of hemisphere. At t= T, the radius of the hemispheres will be vT, where v is the speed of light. The wavefront at time T will be the envelope of all these hemispherical wavelets and will be @ Plane A’B’. So A’B’ is a new plane wavefront at time t= T. SSans: peember 2021 »), Obtain the expression for Boh, ° T magneton. , 7 For the first orbit (n= 1), we get the Bohr magneton is the mg (a) he fi Ho t (n= 1), we get the magnetic dipole moment gr @Mitude of "ah Sm orbiting around the atom with such ict" i momentum. According to the mot angular . Bohr this is the ground state i model, | Q.22. The waveleny = aves In possible energy ©. state of lowest welength of two sound waves anm, (4 mark) This is the expression for Bohr magneton, ir ar Bohr magnetron is a physical constant f air are j73 mand 17, m. They produce magnetic iipote Moment assoaneart fet 9 beats per second. Calculate velocity of an atom due to orbital motion ant i ee: ey electron. Every electron has spin of : 82 magnetic moment of amount wh = soy ent | NN Glens hy = 173 m % JT" (Bohr magneton, BM) which is parallel aed aa (emai to spin. 8 n-n, = 9 Ye mark) Consider an electron movin, a acy ving with constant v_¥ speed v in a circular orbit of radius 7 about Se the nucleus as shown in figure, 1 dou a veE-- = 9 a Kal vfs alae (mark 9 9x82 > : RB ? S v= 369 m/s (1 mark) Fig. Single electron revolving around the nucleus If the electron travels a distance of 2nr (circumference of circle) in time T, then its Q.23. A circular loop of radius 9.2 em carries a current of 2.3 A. Obtain the magnitude of magnetic field at the centre of loop. Also clone state dimension of B. (3) pane _ Ans. Given: 1=2.3.A, ‘Thus the current associated with this orbiting eee eo a oom electron of charge ¢ is Tofind: Be? e " Fe Hol lsF B-o Qn wv 4m * 10-7 x 2.3 But T=", and ©= 7 » Be Dyogxio? mark) fg ees k} . B= 1871*10ST 1 mark) “ne ~ Qnr ; _ F _ Dimension of F The orbital magnetic moment associated with Dimension of B= 77 = Dimension of (1) orbital current loop is _ wir) a 1% mark _— pry mgr 1x A = eee (4 mark) | Pry MULT? 1-1 one For this electron, orbital angular momentum, ! Ve mar) ‘ | o.24. 0.8 mole of gas at temperature 450 K L = myr expands isothermally from an initial © L (4s mark) volume of 3 L to final volume of 9 L Mey = band (myn = |2m,] | (a) What is the work done by the gas? From Bohr's second postulate, (R= 8.319 5 mol? K7}) nh vs marty | (b) How much heat is supplied to the gas? an — le, T = 450 K, Me Substituting, the value of L, we get | ans. Given: n= 0.5 mole, , v.23, Vy enh | nd: W = ?, Heat Toy * Gnm; | To fi264 fa) (b) Q.25. Ans. Ans. EEE ' = tl SS Work done in isothermal expansion, y, W = nkT In nRT h Y = 058,319 » 450 [2 = 1871.8 In (3) = 1871.8 x 2,303 log, 3 = 4310.08 « 0.4771 = 2057 J = 2.057 ku (I mark Since, heat supplied is equal to amount of work done in an isothermal process, therefore Q =W=2.057 kd (Iman An alternating e.m.f. e = 200 sin 314.2t volt is applied between the terminals | of an electric bulb whose filament has a | resistance of 1000. Calculate the following: | (s) RMS current | (b) Frequency of AC signal | (c) Period of AC signal (3) Given; e = 200 sin 314.2 t To find: 1=?, f=?,T=? Comparing with the equation e= e,sinot, we get = 200 volt, w= 314.2 rad Now, we have, Q.26. Ans. OR Trans XH Physics Papers Soy, 1 = 1414 (nm We have, oF C4 many 314.2 fe ii macy But T T = 0.02 sec (1 marty ‘Two charges of magnitude 5 nC and -2 ng are placed at points (2 cm, 0, 0) ang (20 cm, 0, 0) in a region of a space where there is ano external field. Find electrostatic potential energy of the system. a Given: q, = SNC = 5*109C = -2nC = -2*109C r =(20-2)cm= 18% 10? m To find: P.E. (U) = ? 1 4 tay 9 x 109 x 5 x 10° x (-2 « 10° 18102 us (2 mark u= (1 marty -90 x 10° 18 * 107 = -5* 10-9 x 10? -8*1075 0.5 «106 I 0.5 pS (2 mark See) Attempt any THREE: [22] | . Using the energy conservation, derive the expression for minimum speeds at different locations along a vertical circular (4) motion controlled by gravity. (retardes) (s2re19,200") ing Pig, Vertical eireular motion (Diagram - fa) (b) Consider a bob (treated as a point mass} tied to a (practically) massless, inextensible and flexible string. It is whirled along a vertical circle so that the bob performs a vertical circular motion and the string rotates in @ vertical plane. At any position of the bobs there are only two forces acting on the bob. Weight (mg), vertically downwards, which is constant. The force due to the tension (T), directed along the string and towards the cenit (Its magnitude changes periodically with tim® and location), As the motion is non-uniform, the resultat! Of these two forces is not directed toward the centre except at the uppermost and oe lowermost positions of the bob. At all the ot Positions part of the resultant is tanger and is used to change the speed." ’2021 abet ermost position (A): pr weight (ng) and force due to tens 1 Bo re downwards i.e. towards the cent sion, (ty) Zaee, their resultant is used only ac yin wipe tal fore 's the v, is the speed a: . qnus: Ms t the uppermost a Tint, then , pt raV5 mgt Tx > oi) nium possible speed at this ‘or minimun Attias a ie motion is to be realized with minim possible energy), Ty = 0 m (alm = V9 lowermost position (B): due to the tension, T, aces 1 Ty is vertically © pwards i.c. towards the centre, and opposite to mg. In this case, their resultant is the centripetal force. jy Vis the speed at the lowermost point, then a iii) (ii) . Ty - mg x) While coming down from the uppermost to the lowermost point, the vertical displacement is grand the motion is governed only by gravii |) Hence the corresponding decrease in the gravitational potential energy is converted into the kinetic energy 5 Io 4 mg) = 4 mMVA~ ym! Va-vae 4g (iv) From Equ. (ii) and Equ. (iv), we have, 4g + rq w) . fl Foree due to the tension the only force towards the centre as weight mg is parallel to the ten: Thus, force due to the tension is the centripetal force used to change the direction of the velocity and weight mg is used only to change the speed. At midway position (C). from the midway point to the lowermost the vertical displacement is ‘7 Hence, the corresponding decrease _in the Sravitational P.E. is converted into K-E- ion. i while coming down point, 1 1 ™ar= 5 mV3- (wi) Smilany, T.-T, = Tp-Ta 7 39 = ——————— Q.28. Ans. a (2) 265 Explain the conversion of a Moving Coil Galvanometer (MCG) into an ammeter: Obtain necessary formula. State any two advantages of potentiome’ over voltmeter. * Conversion of MCG into Ammeter: ter (4) A moving coil galvanometer is converted into an ammeter by reducingits effective resistance i.e. by connecting a low resistance S across the coil. Such a parallel low resistance is called a shunt, since it shunts a part of the current around the coil, that makes it possible to increase the range of currents over which the meter is useful. (2 mark Let I be the maximum current to be measured and I, the current for which the galvanometer of resistance G shows a full scale deflection. ne shunt resistance S should be such the remaining current. T-1-1, (i) is shunted through it ('2 mark) In the parallel combination, The potential difference across the galvanometer is equal to the potential difference across the shunt. 1G = 1,5 (% mark) This is the required resistance of the shunt. The scale of the galvanometer is then calibrated so as to read the current in ampere or its sub multiples (mA, 1A) directly. Advantages of voltmeter: potentiometer over ‘The adjustment of a potentiometer is a ‘null’ method which does not, in any way depend on the calibration of the galvanometer. The galvanometer is used only to detect the current not to measure it. The accuracy of a voltmeter is limited by its calibration. (2 mark) Since a potentiometer can measure both the emf and terminal potential difference of a cell, the internal resistance of the cell can be ce (1 mark)EE" 266 0.29. State: () Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation. (5) Wien’s displacement law. The difference between two molar specific heats of a gas is 6000 J/kg K. If the ratio of specific heats is 1.4, calculate the molar specific heat at constant volume. ) Aus. + Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation. The rate of emission of radiant energy per unit area or the power radiated per unit area of a perfect black body is directly proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature Wein-displacement law. The wavelength, for which emissive power of a black body is maximum is inversely Proportional to the absolut the black body * Numerical: re temperature of Cp-Cy = R Cp-Cy = 6000 (given) Given that, 14 = 1.4c, 6000 6000 Gr Ta Cy= 15000 U/kg K 0.90. Define the following: (9) Self inductance (b) Mutual inductance A straight conductor is moving with a velocity of 3 m/s, at right angles to a magnetic field 4.5 x 10° Wh/m?, If an emf developed between its ends is 1.35 « 10% volt, calculate the length of straight conductor. (4) Ans. (a) Self inductance: The self inductance of a coil is the ratio of magnetic flux linked with the coil to the current flowing in it. (1 mark) () Q.31 Ans. “ (ii) (iii) Px. uTTAM’s XH Physics Papers Soiution Mutual inductance: . sal inductance is defined as the vajyg ape muced emf produced in the seconq. of ea unit rate of change of current, circu (ma the primary circuit. ] merical: Gioons B 4.5 * 10° W/m, v=3m/s, e= 1.35 « 10 volt To find: = ? Formula: e= Blu e Bo 1.35 x 10% 4.5% 1053 0.1 x 10-4 x 108 Im ce 1 I State any two limitations of Bohr’s atomic model. The half life of a radioactive species is 3.2 days. Calculate decay constant (per day), (4) + Limitations of Bohr's atomic model: The model cannot explain the relative intensities of spectral lines even in the hydrogen spectrum. The model cannot explain the atomic spectra of many electron atoms of higher elements, The model cannot account for the Zeeman effect and Stark effect (fine structure of Spectral lines as revealed in the presence of strong magnetic field and electric held, respectively. (Any two - 1 mark each) Numerical: Given: Ty, = 3.2 days, To find: 4 = 2 (% mark {1 mark)