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Answer

Uploaded by

mohankumar2007mm
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Certainly, let's break down the questions and answers related to blood smears based on the

provided image:
1. What are the methods of making a blood smear?
● Glass slide method (wedge method): This is the most common method where a drop of
blood is spread on a glass slide using another slide at an angle.
● Centrifugal method: This method uses a centrifuge to spin the blood sample and create
a thin layer on the slide.
2. Why is the glass slide method called the wedge method?
● The shape of the blood smear formed using the glass slide method resembles a wedge,
hence the name.
3. What are the advantages of making a smear by the centrifugal method?
● Even distribution of cells: The centrifugal method ensures a uniform distribution of cells
across the smear.
● Less variability: It reduces variability in the thickness of the smear compared to the
manual method.
● Faster preparation: It can be a quicker method for preparing multiple smears.
4. How is a spreader selected for making a smear?
● The spreader should be clean and dry.
● It should be slightly longer than the slide to ensure a smooth and even spread.
● The edges of the spreader should be smooth to avoid damaging the cells.
5. Why should the angle between the spreader and the specimen slide be between 30°
and 45°?
● This angle helps in creating a thin and even smear. A steeper angle may result in a thick
smear, while a shallower angle may result in a thin smear with incomplete cell distribution.
6. Why should the smear be dried quickly after preparing it?
● Quick drying helps to prevent cell distortion and maintain cell morphology.
7. What is the method of drying the blood smear?
● The smear can be air-dried by waving it in the air or by placing it in a gentle stream of air
from a fan.
8. What are the precautions to be taken while preparing a blood smear?
● Use clean slides and spreaders.
● Avoid touching the area where the blood is placed.
● Spread the blood evenly and quickly.
● Dry the smear promptly.
9. Why is the smear immediately made after placing the drop of blood on the slide?
● Delaying the spreading process can lead to cell distortion and rouleaux formation
(stacking of red blood cells).
10. Why is the smear made by a steady and smooth movement of the spreader?
● A steady and smooth movement ensures an even distribution of cells and prevents
damage to the cells.
11. Why should the initial drop of blood be fully used in making a smear?
● Using the entire drop ensures that the smear contains a representative sample of cells.
12. Name the factors that determine the thickness of a smear.
● Size of the blood drop
● Angle of the spreader
● Speed and pressure applied during spreading
13. Why is the fixing done immediately after making a smear?
● Fixing preserves the cell morphology and prevents cell lysis (rupture).
14. What is the method of fixing a smear if staining is to be delayed?
● The smear can be air-dried and then fixed with methanol.
15. Which is the stain usually used in staining the blood smear? What are its constituents
and what are the functions of each constituent?
● Leishman stain: It is a commonly used stain for blood smears. It contains methylene
blue and eosin.
○ Methylene blue: Stains acidic components of the cell (e.g., nuclei) blue.
○ Eosin: Stains basic components of the cell (e.g., cytoplasm) pink.
16. Why is the alcohol present in the Leishman stain acetone-free?
● Acetone can damage the cells and interfere with staining.
17. Why is distilled water added to the stain after fixation?
● Distilled water helps in the ionization of the stain, which is necessary for it to bind to the
cells.
18. Why is water not used as a solvent for the Leishman stain?
● Water can cause cell lysis and interfere with staining. It can also promote rouleaux
formation.
19. Why is buffer water preferred to distilled water for staining?
● Buffer water maintains the optimal pH for staining (pH 6.8), ensuring proper ionization of
the stain.
20. Name the other stains that can also be used for staining the smear.
● Giemsa stain
● Wright's stain
● Field's stain
21. In which special circumstances is the Field stain used?
● Field's stain is used to identify malarial parasites.
22. What are the precautions for staining a smear?
● Use the correct amount of stain.
● Avoid over-staining or under-staining.
● Rinse the smear thoroughly with buffer water.
23. Why is the stain diluted with distilled water after 1 1/2 to 2 minutes and not earlier?
● This allows sufficient time for the stain to bind to the cells.
24. What is the significance of the appearance of scum on the staining fluid after addition
of distilled water?
● The presence of scum indicates that the staining has been done correctly. If the scum is
not present, it may indicate that the staining process was not successful.
25. Why is the smear examined under low-power objective before being examined under
an oil-immersion objective?
● Examining the smear under low power allows for a general overview of the smear and
helps in locating the ideal area for detailed examination under oil immersion.
26. What is the purpose of general scanning of the smear prior to DLC?
● General scanning helps in identifying areas with adequate cell distribution and avoiding
areas that are too thick or too thin.
27. Which is the most ideal area of the smear for DLC and why?
● The feathered edge of the smear is the most ideal area for DLC because it contains a
monolayer of cells.
28. What are the uses of a blood smear?
● Differential white blood cell count (DLC): To determine the percentage of different
types of white blood cells.
● Detection of abnormal cells: To identify abnormal red blood cells, white blood cells, and
platelets.
● Diagnosis of infections: To detect the presence of parasites (e.g., malaria) and other
microorganisms.
● Monitoring blood disorders: To monitor the progress of blood diseases and the
effectiveness of treatment.
If you have any more questions or want to delve deeper into a specific aspect, feel free to ask!

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