’ Unit IE - “Trortdueen, SS ee A tranducerd is deflid o& a device that neceius’s enoyy prorn on. Sytem ad and -tnansmitd it 4o another » often lana different [Soren rthore ar choo a yen é transducers . clerical, and mechanical. Sdection ection Fanamichonss of_txar transducer Operzabig Rouge. Sensitivd Enequenes Response. and svesonand Pronsenty Envinomedal Gfability Aaecunac Thsensiliud. to unwarted et go Stabili Fer Usage and | Elelectni cal. or Dect cal Transducer. fn electrical tmantducor, i o Sendinf} dewice by which the : coh , mechanical ov oblical wl to be mmecitined a Ananaformed dineck ue a wade! mechanigm ade an | ecto allege [eunenl- probonbionnks te a Srp _ Ney sandr v . ae 2 : " (Cenaleg) t —= = oe | Beebe Sigma, : Lh Blectrical yp Tv,e- pate Sony Senne) Wont ~ oa shader =”fy elecknicak bramdducer. must howe the. falleosif 1 Knead. The melaltonshib belween a physica foramen avd jhe cresublir decboical signal rust near. et Tis is defiond os the electrical, Oubpub per wit change in she physical sponornaten. oe High Sentibivaty MA fencrally desirable. for a tramduee, « (Romie Cage, ste ohowlie) stongt. of the: tromducer Should be ude. Jo permit ahs ube ender a ville Dope ef measure Conditions - ; 4 Refeclabdity Tha ade] gulbal- sebbioashih far a tromrdueer thou ba Jnedtcaldble gun q Sy) eniod of time Tes ensuncg orehiobilily of Obeobin S Tepe Bae. towtdicon, mth haut, minal weigh and Yolume , So thal ads apresence in she, measuramant ‘does nak didunk Cal tals = res ab distur fhe Elechital dnariducen, Con be. broadly Lassfied sie fos aj aie Active. edad ; ae fore dios ith anne eee SN Sef Aenerdkin) dewieer. , ushicl Genale. andor” a Ceuen ten hrinedple. and Qonerole. an, equine tbh signal (does nak ReHre An Shernal doutn, Source far ads oferndion )-+ : . : Example. Piezo tlectrie Senkend > Photo VaUere: | Tmecmpieg gle \e on Lor oh sol \RevPassiae. Trawsdaccrd , Passive. Trowrducend aiperade. cae. enorfe) Contnalling dprincaples , which metho Ge neces to use an external clectnriccl gounte tuith thom - They debend upon the Cheng, ain oy ecdricok panomaktr. ( R, Land c Example: Yrain gouper (for acsislonce chmge in orwrbond® te sprossune) and thermistons (Rar susialence chong camostonding le -bempenahus Nanioliows) Aavenbeage’ of Elechricoh Trams ducens ¥ Blaclriced compli ficchon cowd atenuolion con b& Gabidyy d 3) Mars -inerbin effiechs ont minimised 4 Effers of Picton Ont Winimiand . , 4 Doda Sencing} and recon ding i 3) Signo Con be Conditioned xr mixed fo obtain au Combinalion writ — qubpuls & Bimilan, -knomAducers, OF Control signols . a . ©) The electricah of Clectnonic, Syslern Con be. Contrealle wale yoy aimed hour fou. | P Covbraltiny of signal Joust. “Bee off Tronsducen, Xd Reris Mua: Taowndnetr se Plerdionven, ed LF Resistance, pressure. | Trosdacti_ Resistance Porition “hromt dacen ie 9 Strain Gauge’ Trans dicen ts 3 Trduebue "tn ducer, DibPereniial ulpuk Kransducen“Linear oeulile thipferentiol “Bramhducer(Lvpy) Relalional Varieble spypferenlick Trad ducer ( RuDT) DY Presrune. cinduchiat Treen sdcer S) Cobacitive TFrongdine ere. du 19 Load coh ( Perdue cell) Fram CU | D Piezo glectrical “Fraws 4uer | 8) Photoelectric, Trempducer 1, Lx Phoke erniarti. © } Photo ~ Conduchur. EP {| Phitovaliae col 1, 9) Semiconductor. Photo diode | fo) The Photo~ Transistor. > L 1\) Temberokns. Trankducers - | 12) Flows measure msnJ- Tromsdu cers ( mechanical. 5 Tras ducers) : | Resiabive Tronpducens 2 Re change inthe Yolut. of. ths. esistemee’ wilh a chnge a6 Ae eth oP “he, Gmduclor. Gon be. ube , 5 fo meowe, cisblace / ; ‘ Photo cally we | “He sags Odbol- E Totton tyke \Resistance prarsure, Trond ducer Meabandmerh vin’ the esis Hue dyno PL tranr ducer | JS bored on the. Parc} sho oy Change sin Spnersurr =) AN g oesidlonce change. an the Renting Rosishive. fatition Tromgdyeen. , The princi ciple of Vs. resistive rantducen JA The’ the ak Noaicble. “under mmeasunernan “Comsed oy deMS hence Chang an The Reming Cloyne | Shaan / "F mdb Grlitelard 1) -'ghaetehod “ov! Comprosied | Hs serlance changes on accounh of tha Peck Ahad) | bath the. dongth amd ciataader= gf the conductor, |” c Riso, thera. 2 chan AK ella of Tha, asinitaily of Conductan. eho “Subjected oe Seats ops sant Hba. Hees pa “lize osishua Oo A strain: guj dyke “transducer | coma ss 7 Gumby Sach as clad , finads0nds Ge nly machanical ghaath gn the ‘ghaain deans wap tty 8(claw baby» and "Ne. eetanits Sinoin Gonverbe S ido clalaZod, cutfal- win Basin goypts mowded di on the, elastic. ar _.Dpradtion of. Shxoin 4 | nis : The Subbankieff bade “ine. vibe, ti A sensile shuns tends to alonpple, the. tained hens, + dnengode ahs + Length and dered iks Cnrors- cele” ~* qneci. The, Combined effec +s an. _dnengabe sin aeabhn i | aw Been frorn ‘Ara. fallewsing equation : R= pd. aoe Dh po ate specific, svesiotonce ofthe. maberial inte = Tho. eae. length of. the Conductor, J = = the aneg of the Conduetor an mo E ma sail gf en, pee ite 4 deanaclonk c 5 & a oF ao (Gauge Laelen- (OP * A resis of deceit Pe a rb Boul iy Called He. oat Pathan - x Th da the molto of Change. in ietecarte ARR dor “ett dn Me _deng'h Nyy i. we -OFIK). = oe —)- he ping Pah 4,@nce Shwin Gd defined Om he champs an beng divided, by the Quipines Length, wu BS whee, = ia te Ansin in deed a7 dingchon » 640 Con be vanitten ar : ke SBR __ gp co ~ The. nedidtonce of Q Conductor of uniflora Caw ~Sédiien i, en oes Re foam = ie ov Since ved 7 yta de ne a oa te Re Ph, "(ay ad? eee | then the. Conduclon JA. Sbressed alii be tnd | Shroin, jhe Longlh of Hey nductor dncngwses by | AL ond -the ‘BirquWoang decreased Bm a a ve © diamales. Hence! dhe ‘eatemee of “fhe” condi | Gn Now be unitten od. , a : ee a eS (7) (d-Ad)* 2 (grsang + Mo q' Sine Ad JA Srolk , na Con be. _napected R= Pld) 2 PAC te) 2 F (at aad) - Fs (eee ED = Nov, Pairton'd roto H 43 defined ad. ote, the auetio of Stony dn thx dokenol dinecton! do Basin Gn Ha, arich dingction pth . \. nay DA) Ma. . pS __@ 1 a Sbauiy) fev ME fom ey ® in HD ME haha. Re= P(E AE) | ) #1 uae aust) ' Raicnisi wd ptt i Ree Pa Ma) I+ tuay) an (ray (+ me) Le t s R= iy a wang said) \* \— du ade I ' 6 ood x» ee Com neglect high pouerdof at R= {t ale a | a ( + ge a [+ (iesy ‘t) aa » Ca Pd Pl gr ge 209) Since Psan eq. Rs pL x) a? Rg = RtBR -“es arya (ory) see a) Oey) Gr i. Tet geyg® Caco. will now bo, y= SYR CT (aya) (se) aA = IQ b4y 4 (84) Ke I+Qy fuss vstance Shaolin Hauge with a gage fecior, y ee Comenled to oY gheel, rmernbtrs which an Subjected Jo a Sinoin off Tree Tf the Gaigio nosptence value. off Pe gout ® JS AB0K _, Coleabade Shs change in meristance + Sober (ue BYR \ ‘8d BR = KAR AL aX . = Anigon tO = QAM Chosachturishe. of _Shroin Groupe = Grau factor. shed be. high velue. I> Retintence off string Shoda. high, ° el dao resirtence ember: Coffice - Tnduclns. Tagordueore., | Trdactve Anardducors tay ba atthen, ff the bd ip. | Gener ow Ake parin. An Jndurtoae adectromechanical bra ae p deuice dhok © Converbs physical medion 4 (Position cha ; take a chonpe in Jnduclanee oe)“hantducerd of gre Vonihle induckance dybe work Gy Ubon ont off. ha flollesify principles » ov ne Nebo Vonichion off sdf. inductance bil Ls Nexiolion of molucls dnducteince 7 ““Taduchins drombducenrs ant rasinky ened for The, measur iy Of disblactman The dishlacemen- to be meatined Ja i 4 Camse- Venishion In ony of 3 Variables 1A Number, off duns . |X Gacrmothic. Con} jgurction | a Permeability of the enapyrabic. material o magnadic Coral, u for example , deb w> Consider tha. cons. oft a general © dnduckine, fremaducen, Tha. inductive. tranducer hes WV duns ond a neluctanceR- Whon a Coomenb i dy § f porred Hhcygh ab , the Plax ats b= Me . R , we ge eg rdf aeec ta Be toonenl- von ei at at ak RO Buk emp induced In “he (Coik sd given by es ned i a ne fe dae oaMN,d 3 NO adi ee eR gp Phe he suf inductance i ghun by - b= S . ne i/gy mR “Tire flare 6 tia. Cuba Prom an induetinee, Srambducen, a> aa ICon be in Pe Porm of tithe A Chayye in Valleaga ow a Changye dn Gnduc hance: ‘Depfitial 0 Gukhul Transducer | The i wah oubbab- transducer, Consrd'> f O& Coil which W duided inde chao hors a8 Shyam an Qipor ‘ x Pabeccnen “ SE , a tf | Grea chpfeneicl Osh : rpg bsffirenlioh cabal strontducer " shrantlucer. _ This Jindughwe tromrdicer ale works on he. -parinaplr of chang of self anduclance, tha hve Cold esithy “chome in reluctance of) he. goth “gh the agnebec. | Ginew © Wo 4S wy wall c& Cort’ on. uthich She | Coil. Ws Gourd are mda ub of don. 4 “Trdanh ue Teanpacre dyffrrentoh ab (Reluctance fn Gane Voniable. Defferenbiahs Transducer. CLvor) > the diffenendiol Trawformor J a otra, transducer, Th ay glte Known od Lingar, Yaniobhe Ay event Tramtducer ( oT) Htowinks(2 We Aranbfaaman” Consirha of. primey condi) Py ard © two Second. tind 3 and Sy wound on 7 | bees glinet form q > The primony winding Connected 6 cn AG Bounce. * The Sécmdarvy wxindi healing equal. number, of dam and placed “on Shoe dpportte Side of primary tae 11° Bene Yefh non Goan Sid IMs he. hallow a | tind effects the maryyn ebic. : hus ve — ——— ety ateg bro mage 5 Pe Batiste te bs mast lindo cl Bn the Ropt-. dno Core.)> When the. oss. id dn dbs nonma spasitton — ust Vebege. dy induced jn bath the Secrndensy uaind’ingtd : Ths. frequency of. Abblied on \whary She cone. shaps de the Loft of nuh porition the: Blue Jinkage cuith the Secondary caincling $1 3% 80 dhe. emf Induced “ain the. St as [Peder Shan Bo => Tre mppnidube of the ool vollyge- ANS Hos Recent, si - Fa) in phore crith Foy. aio 7 When ths daa Shp do dre righ of null petition far, Piux Sinkege. sith ~he_ Beton dor waindingp Satay Tes then 8, , 80 emf induced “In phe So Pprealen ~ nS. : The. mepnihede, off “the. oulful- valbype Eso~Gsy, dn phase, usith Eso. > . . ah * cmon of the Nrodlage Unduved ds ~~ the oneunt neon d.. 1 : o ~m F ts. cone, Ces = Cyd Conc. ob A Cone. obO Gareoh b 5, > 5, fs, = Fey Es < fsa, YS Hae. Sec and CJ| 7 Dspacemony- |More ena aveilable. with sumge ov docs 0 40-05%. to . | ho £254n and arn. Seraihiuile. enweyph be he’ Her tho measured dish kvemond>s of vutll helo | G-e0hig. : "9 fon be @bJoinsd far. ofenodien ak tonpertunes elo a8 - 9656 Gnd a. bigs oS +600 speed | | | paige g of LvOT a a |) Lem Pridion oD how vgstokais Abii cota \ E Stan ba ubed ob tony iro dace on teen fimo te * peg a al an wala appears po fin ae. tvDT hod Hite lallair) dole anba= Cy, Gps = 52 V ae £OSuq. Delerrins. Bile, the oak V3-Come, postion Pon. a Troupin cee +045" In, Jo o°8ein. MOR when the Co ~0-25 4 ED monn fovne ere ats aleegetubin : i) o-Sine Gone, displacemen) prolace® 2 Sens a O45 im. Cone rmvemon- spredaces (6-45. 5-9) = 4.69V o-S ; . Sunil ons} a - O30 UN. Cone muuament -poines Gesen 8-2) =- 342V es i) 0-95 Jae Cones, mrovame@n produces ee = ~ RV : -€.94s). Cofecibva. “Transducam., . (Bresson) S$ The. Cobaciter foonaducer, 2s vsed ) fon reso — dablacemenl- prewure cand ater physicals Chanlions pa Dd use trandductr tho rend ae PAguiner eerned hen obowlion « The Caeabisn. Sromductn, workson principle. Ce Voriabhe. panna: oa TW. Cofacilance iA fine by C= KA ST. calneidanee of tha. the. Qhautias *Ieeotuein e 1 beaude. off. many resend Saku’ oun hie Phat Change din Aiglane bre Jplelea amd stigledive.” Comtamb. Tw nowwiak “eaaelar Gye - distance bp spsede ss one Pixel, bul Por voice. Cabo an Capacibia, ae Tha de bho Whom ak Vonted > The Cofacitons meosune bthte! Phe Bhebic’ and dynamte, Changes . The diablacement ig alto -meeuned dneddy dy by Conectngy the meunobhe daiices “Le, fo dhe moveable prove. of Sha @boidenTe. fata See rgd axe ured p> the Tgabini, , disblacemanh . ; DB Ana dace uding he Change da the fen Ll ; d The tnonduca Bing she change uh cbalane bjus the. NES Changes Jn purune wvory be easily debecled by mate peat ope © ped Je cand | Ohother fie free moat oS dhe prom Chongsd The aenalbing Yorielin failows tha Semte Calaesly Jorma OR sv 7 G= odes KUmt) A) pp my _ ' oe Re they ances off one. Bide GE ont pale in cm . "E fi = fumbar pkters, - A ] d~ tncknens Gf dideclics a Com yt | se Coe ; Ke didgtnic Coded . ro Thanducgn_ (a . a > Ta Pholeclectaic transducer Convenka tha dighk Choy’ | We dedateal, - , | - <> 3 wale of Boletos wah Te Yebedey 5 roa Padeosensitiee. ebetank , eahich ec ec run, am ji tae 1 SM tet a eg ie Te aches, of clack vary’ dhe deahe . Lethe, £ . Pedosensilive element. Hences- “a Pamab din iB , Tie apts oP He tance 5 eye ‘de She doled” | APM abrenbtd: by he “holsonlius elacn)”> a The. photoelectric -trankducen absanbs the sedialjon, of dg uhich AIA on Anti, Semiconductor, moderiad . The Absarphion of. Siph)- enovyjizss the alectnond of mobo ard hence the aledrons fon mostry] The ‘mobiliby Of dectrens reduces ena. oft he. Hous offed. > Te resistance of the maloiol charges a > The. Cubbd- connent of Semiconductor, Chenpps 2 The wpb vole Jp Sémicindtlan. Choe’ Conifieation ff Yo pholoalactnic. Transducer ds « tt hae “Phe crite Wea Materuiierseall Peseuls 5, | | Ch CO oo Photo deans} Male -emirsivs. Cal - The Photo emisaiae Cell Convenbs ho. Pholand Inte elecknic, Cnergy- Tk Consists tho ateda sede. and the colheda © ‘plate - The Anode. and @hode. ane Cowed with, a | Aste -emissive, tmakovad: Called Coediam andm ' sngiden’- Sg ‘ “a. . . g rate creeuaclias.Colhs— aby ene} ie dn ©The prodocomducher coll Conv en» Sigh “8 mobenend? © deinic tenner). . Te uses Sho. Semianductor chika tedium Selenide, Gor fa 0 % Poole Senby | : da © Phebe ~valJoic cath . | Ta. Pholovallaic elk J& Hhe- Wyte of actine 860% Gy | The Cumrens Shook “ios ido Pholovebeus ell of tuhon ho doud 3% Connacked do ahs Thee silty % 4 Ord Sderium oe ued oh at Bamiamduicton. mooie Photocalls a a A Yoclodl an be. defined Ob; ak a Uypht-séin ‘pp ww Can be used 4 Conmechingy Jo. an eledrical on | Ustrouie Ucuit In om ‘@pbensivd co of | Biiiestions Juke gunkel Jo. sunns | Mechanic Swinson, yh 2A Weroen tensity of § ePholotransrstans ST pole transition hor a Aig- Sensitiae Callecdan Jo bse gnchin A Leng as used tn dnonaiaton, package ve exporr bore de on sheiderd daghh « Whon no Lgl. a incider,e Qmobl Jeak age Conren- Comment Plows Pro Collectan. Ye emitter Cobled T0 due Jo Smald thormal (porvrohion - This 8 voy moth ice of the Ordon of 0A. Tis 4s euod dark eunent. ? Whom the, be 43 exbaredl Jo tho. LW Sho hose Gurren" >, produced < which. 3s sprapandionol. dey the Ligh “Inlonsity.. 3uch photo educa (rp gut Y dendled od - The onal Callao. Carer 28 Bion by Te = hyp 2) Pa a tcc) > Th 1 tempornlune. Inert hoxid) dewice > TL 1 a dowee thal Convgrbs Yempercdina. cide Samy 7 Othep_ Quanity Z P Tee ayy O23 clloaps q Frome Juanki- wed dnaitomeded 9 Soineiple An glectnieal dewice udu we Oo © Gin-domberabura, Contrah Sequenced - Ths pirrbab YW do nalen. meodura.mor)= of awe “temponahuns ona y (May tha Sfenmedion after. tundloling It Jobe Gr ' Mendable, fonm toa four Source, Pym ra Ge | Mechanical ark of he Syslem. The. Semberolire Anansdueers on2- of thee dyke. DReristanee Temperolure. YeteclarAs (RTDs) ——= Rip hanes cath Ro need on clecturcal tipbly Yo give | OL sporti. denice whose meridlance cl © temp eralinn, hence a Noltiga. dnpue. | RID Com WAZ Why Ond gy hagh ale we plotinun nickel or any ReaPrtance Rerboiance vortes with temperature Inbringte &ecunacy . Te nelhonthb . Coders a eee Rerislaneg of - | Gon Bo. Caleeodeel uss ‘a Near. OC 4| R= Ci4+olan g Re = wo 9 © wauden ab dem. dic i Pah = Resiblance, of the ogferancé temp, Osanliy oe X= temp. Coop freien). of aesistance , fe aly. bro sora and oroference tomb. ee ay 3 tD) Winmidton. Shean The thoamidion ws 9 ‘ype of reristen. orhodt orericdan © Yori with tro Aemperabund. Tha. cresislemes 1 measung) by Poosing Tho. Sm — measured —dingch Cumrend, Gnd WS Curent Gide tho Wallages chap Gero The nesidtance . . + Glow Gated Berg wiz (yo | Neste Tomb. Cepfificieah ~ Uded fon. dentin the “ems. Poste Tem. cpt : mig Conbnalig) “the exra- Tha. trovmecouple Coeds he. Lemp. Salo alectaycah, energy ob tho. faint of Tee Contacl .” Ty acme | Ho “principle: hol the m@lels haus. diffrent. / Semb. Coofpiciens- ind shan heya. choo metals | © Jain thon the. Vallage induod and Ths Nolin Rv dbrectdy ebrnpordionw Jo Thee Aembenlung. ’ ] dt = CyTembenadins. meouncrnone eaith Jrenna Couple. babed once Seed beck. he 4 Cue uahd Qinculele, arsand % Joop mas Of ee dligginiD yaglat ashan ha. chose gemedtin ane ad ap. dump. Axfdvantanges of Thormocosple. *Th toy ougged Conpburedion ; Using Conhenadiy cheapor. 30, cont demfarsbort, ensure > Jong disdenes Lrandmiadion. forte ws ve ae Duradyantager of The ae ; aera, 2 GIA gonebion and other Conpemsotion i evsoral he c moron , : < > Stagg velage ick up at pavibs va ; aed eng abbbicabiors , Spel peed to be ample : 7 | Mechanical Teansdnciny een | Mechanitah Plo mers Tow iA ca mechaniam ain the folk | of he Plow sushich moves — Grane o- a Sheed, Jropartin) c i : j Pee pele’. Tae one. panine ured for mulerng — ¥ F igsla uth celain neifickent. . / i : ) i Mat te Plows valor TRAt ane moderns cook, om the pyciti, t oo Poodays tow of clecknomagnvic induc tin ashich |, Seder dhol- shenguen a Cmdaslan. med Hp ' ee valle indsced 3q the. mh a mpl (i 64 D> gi ana £€ Oi -Aoa i Owen bB the F2 CBW, Suuacny oh us esa Fea t imendinal yet i The eauotind Con) a watimd fo i i ‘ Vek avelociky mgm Yo Wwbumeleric PlsUnit + Dede Aequission System (DAS) > Das iA 4 procerd of samplir Syynal thab- meartne_ real sould physical Conditions and Cenverdinf) che. oak Smply ido apn tumenic Valuers hak Gon be, wont puleled a Combuber . 2 DAs abbreviaed as Dala Acquisition yale tybicel) Conver analog valu ine cipital wae forrs ve 7 precy, Te Gomborenbs of DAS snclude: > fees Conver sphytival para mabers +0 Clocknica® > Sig Grieniy CGrcaitay to. Onverk Sendon gjgnels ive a Aho ten be Goveded cihto clypiteh vets «| % Pray do cligilal Converter thal Cole: Conditioned © © Senden’ Sygreely to digital Volts ; Objeckwe. of. San Aequiidion Sytem Te musk acqua the necessony chia, ab Comet Spend corr a= She. Correct dima . JW of all dala offrcionbly to awfloszmn tha abe gh Ste oh te pcb anes rus} wentden, sth, Camplede. lac + Loa OD me sprowde an, Pfecius. Juumerr) ommuntedin. Berd be ls te erly Joobleen azn rem Minamata unit eveilabihily and many aan oe Hunauph pon dab Puhimumy he Moveimisingd > : diate hapa fp Cilch » dumimaniae. ond Shane ing? v f Operadion kx este Recor purpore oeee a OMe cabs Sik Goin thy owlpab Lapnelers off Drandducers an Vow weak Signals astich Cannel bo, cubed for Poin. S pascentitfy TR poke, the Sgnalh stovong 1 Variows | signe Colt an one uh Amplfparos : | — Piles : ie) | : : reli | iL Woiblure i Aceep- muabiple ananly Snpuby ond -provide | o Single. oulbak Signed nec do sth _ epinenanty w VD Converker_ ._ ato an mt Jno dy deter inf) E ey i pital di and Storage ~ Roredevs og lowce> | ran 33 dishayed in Suede _ fom tale. donut Se nh Bignel s~ Oseilloscapas = Nimeat CL. displ Abbhicedionds [users oy DAS F aly DAS 2 wed han ade fosstnanty eaidth eS aequbted or when Jour qeconacies, Can be Hales > Gigileh DAS 1 Uded eshan, physie cyuanlity being moniter hey” hoonow bandusidth and alge when high a ccaanty Od dows sper channel Cort i Tequired - Dig arX merc. Gmnpler hem an beth. an terms off Andboumecalion invelued and tha yphuee cmd Comper of: dala Ay Con handle - : “DAB aly wded Sin Indughniok anos ® ~ Seiendipic anges mo Vortows Freel Cofperdions = DAS vs too Fhe. _ Sing he. 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