Embedded Control Systems

Lab Final Project

 ‫‪Made by:‬‬

‫محمد أحمد محمد عالم‬

‫عبدهللا سيد منصور نصر‬

‫‪Supervised by:‬‬
‫‪Dr/ Emad El-Sheikh‬‬
Content

 Project Description
 Components
 Hardware Description
 Firmware
-ADC header and C file
-KeyPad header and C file
-LCD header and C file
-PWM header and C file
-UART header and C file
-Main Code
 Project
Description
Project Description

 A DC motor to Control its Speed Using a potentiometer Connected in ADC pin

 The motor speed is varied by PWM DAC
 But , Not any one can have the access to Control the speed
 To access you have to enter the password correctly using Keypad
 The password and a feedback word is displayed on LCD
 If the password is entered incorrect 3 time in row the system stops and doesn’t
work again until 10 mins
 If password is correct the user can control the speed
 When the user finishes ,He/She pushes finish Button to save changes and return to
Lock Mode
Project Description
Communication Module
 There is another Microcontroller that need the state
of the first microcontroller to display it on LCD
 The second just displays word “open mode” when the
user have the accessibility to control the motor
speed
 And display word “lock mode” when the first system
can’t be accessed
 This communication between them uses UART
Protocol.
Components
 Components
Component Number
Atmel Microcontroller (ATMEGA 2560) 2
LCD Display (16x2) 2
Keypad (4x4) 1
Dc motor 1
Bush buttons 3
Potentiometer(10k) 3
Resistors(10k) 8
Resistors(1k) 1
Diodes 5
Crystal Oscillator (16 MHZ) 2
Capacitors (22 pf) 4
Power Supply (5v) 1
Hard Ware
Description
Hardware Description

 A 4x4 Keypad is used as an input for the password

 It’s Connected to port J
 A Ones and Zero is sent to the rows and detect columns
 Hardware Description

 An LCD at the size of 16x2 is used to display the password

 It’s used in 8bit mode to have more speed
 Data port is connected to Port K
 Status bits is connected to pins(G0,G1,G2)
Hardware Description

• The user can choose the speed he/she wants using a

potentiometer connected in ADC channel 0 (pin F0).
Hardware Description

 The interface Circuit of controlling the speed of the DC motor is using a transistor 2N2222A
with a series resistance of 1 k ohms.
 It is connected to a PWM pin (PB6)
Hardware Description (System-1)
Hardware Description (System-2)
Firm Ware
ADC header file
#ifndef ADC_H_
#define ADC_H_
#include <avr/io.h>
void init_ADC(void);
uint16_t ADC_read(uint8_t channel);
#endif /* ADC_H_ */
ADC C file
#include "ADC.h"
void init_ADC(void)
{
ADMUX |=(1<<REFS0); //Voltage reference VCC
ADCSRA |=(1<<ADEN); //Enable ADC
//Set division factor to max 128 , frequency=125kHZ
ADCSRA |=(1<<ADPS2);
ADCSRA |=(1<<ADPS1);
ADCSRA |=(1<<ADPS0);
}
uint16_t ADC_read(uint8_t channel)
{
ADMUX &=0xf0; //Clear the last conversion
ADMUX |=channel; //Select the channel to convert
ADCSRA |=(1<<ADSC); //Start Conversion
while(ADCSRA &(1<<ADSC)){;} //wait until the conversion is finished
return ADC; //return the ADC Value
}
Keypad header file
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/delay.h>
#ifndef KEYPAD4_H_
#define KEYPAD4_H_
#define Row1 PJ0
#define Row2 PJ1
#define Row3 PJ2
#define Row4 PJ3
#define Col1 PJ4
#define Col2 PJ5
#define Col3 PJ6
#define Col4 PJ7

char KeyPad(void);

#endif /* KEYPAD4_H_ */
 Keypad C file
#include "KeyPad4.h“
char KeyPad(void)
{
while(1)
{
PORTJ &=~(1<<Row1); PORTJ |=(1<<Row2); PORTJ |=(1<<Row3); PORTJ |=(1<<Row4);

_delay_ms(10);

if(!(PINJ & (1<<Col1))) {return '7';}

if(!(PINJ & (1<<Col2))) {return '8';}

if(!(PINJ& (1<<Col3))) {return '9';}

if(!(PINJ & (1<<Col4))) {return '/';}

 Keypad C file
PORTJ |=(1<<Row1); PORTJ &=~(1<<Row2); PORTJ |=(1<<Row3); PORTJ |=(1<<Row4);

_delay_ms(10);

if(!(PINJ & (1<<Col1))) {return '4';}

if(!(PINJ& (1<<Col2))) {return '5';}

if(!(PINJ & (1<<Col3))) {return '6';}

if(!(PINJ & (1<<Col4))) {return 'x';}

 Keypad C file
PORTJ |=(1<<Row1); PORTJ |=(1<<Row2); PORTJ &=~(1<<Row3); PORTJ |=(1<<Row4);

_delay_ms(10);

if(!(PINJ & (1<<Col1))) {return '1';}

if(!(PINJ & (1<<Col2))) {return '2';}

if(!(PINJ & (1<<Col3))) {return '3';}

if(!(PINJ & (1<<Col4))) {return '-';}

Keypad C file
PORTJ |=(1<<Row1); PORTJ |=(1<<Row2); PORTJ |=(1<<Row3); PORTJ &=~(1<<Row4);

_delay_ms(10);

if(!(PINJ & (1<<Col1))) {return 'c';}

if(!(PINJ & (1<<Col2))) {return '0';}

if(!(PINJ & (1<<Col3))) {return '=';}

if(!(PINJ & (1<<Col4))) {return '+';}

else continue;

}
LCD header file
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/delay.h>
#ifndef LCD_H_
#define LCD_H_
#define LCD_DATA PORTK
#define rs PG0
#define rw PG1
#define en PG2
LCD header file
void init_lcd(void);
void lcd_cmd(unsigned char);
void lcd_write(char);
void Cursor_pos(unsigned char x_pos ,unsigned char y_pos);
void display_integer(int x);
unsigned char cmd;
unsigned char ch[3];
char data;
#endif /* LCD_H_ */
 LCD C file
#include "LCD.h"
void init_lcd(void)
{
lcd_cmd(0x38); //Initialize 8bit mode
_delay_ms(1);
lcd_cmd(0x01); //Clear LCD
_delay_ms(1);
lcd_cmd(0x02); //Return home
_delay_ms(1);
lcd_cmd(0x06); //Increment Cursor
_delay_ms(1);
lcd_cmd(0x80); //Go to origin
_delay_ms(1);
}
 LCD C file
void lcd_cmd(unsigned char cmd)
{
LCD_DATA=cmd; //send command to data port
PORTG &=~(1<<rs); //RS=0
PORTG &=~(1<<rw); //RW=0
PORTG |=(1<<en); //EN=1
_delay_ms(2);
PORTG &=~(1<<en); //EN=0
}

void lcd_write(char data)

{
LCD_DATA=data;//send data to data port
PORTG |=(1<<rs); //RS=1
PORTG &=~(1<<rw); //RW=0
PORTG |=(1<<en); //EN=1
_delay_ms(2);
PORTG &=~(1<<en); //EN=0
}
LCD C file
void Cursor_pos(unsigned char x_pos ,unsigned char y_pos)
{
uint8_t the_address=0;
if(x_pos==0) the_address=0x80; //1st row 1st column
else if(x_pos==1) the_address=0xc0; //2nd row 1st column
if(y_pos<16)
the_address += y_pos;
lcd_cmd(the_address);
}
LCD C file
void display_integer(int x)
{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
{
ch[j]=' '; //empty the array
}
itoa(x,ch,10); //integer to ASCII
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
{
if(ch[j] <'0' || ch[j] >'9')
lcd_write(' '); //write space for non integer values
else
lcd_write(ch[j]); //display the character
}
}
PWM header file
#ifndef PWM_H_
#define PWM_H_
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/delay.h>
void PWM_init(uint16_t frequency);
void PWM_write(uint16_t value);

#endif /* PWM_H_ */
 PWM header file
#include "PWM.h"
void PWM_init(uint16_t frequency)
{
TCCR1A |=(1<<COM1B1); //PWM at compare Match Mode
TCCR1A |=(1<<WGM11)|(1<<WGM10); //Fast PWM with 10 bits duty cycle
TCCR1B |=(1<<WGM12); //Fast PWM with 10 bits duty cycle
TCCR1B |=(1<<CS10); //No Pre Scale
OCR1A=(16000000/(2*frequency))-1; //Send the frequency
}
void PWM_write(uint16_t value)
{
OCR1B=value; //Send value 0:1023
}
 UART header file
#ifndef UART_H_
#define UART_H_
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/delay.h>
void UART_init(unsigned int baud_rate);
void UART_write(unsigned char character);
unsigned char UART_read(void);
unsigned int baud;

#endif /* UART_H_ */
 UART C file
#include "UART.h"
void UART_init(unsigned int baud_rate)
{
baud=(16000000/(16*baud_rate))-1; //Calculate The Value of UBRR
UBRR0L=(unsigned char)baud; //Set baud rate lower bits Register
UBRR0H=(unsigned char)(baud>>8); //Set baud rate higher bits Register
UCSR0B |=(1<<RXEN0)|(1<<TXEN0); // Turn on transmission and reception
UCSR0C |=(1<<UCSZ00)|(1<<UCSZ01); //8 bit Character Mode
}
void UART_write(unsigned char character)
{
while (!(UCSR0A&(1<<UDRE0))); //wait for data register to be empty
UDR0=character; //Send Data to Data Register
}
unsigned char UART_read(void)
{
while (!(UCSR0A&(1<<RXC0))); //Wait for Data until it received
return UDR0; //return the read Data;
}
System_1
Main Code
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/delay.h>
#include "ADC.h"
#include "KeyPad4.h"
#include "LCD.h"
#include "PWM.h"
#include "UART.h"
#define Finish PL0
char check=1;
char num=0;
char password[9]={'P','a','s','s','w','o','r','d',':'};
char pass[3]={'5','6','7'};
char incorrect[9]={'I','n','c','o','r','r','e','c','t'};
char trials[15]={'T','r','i','a','l','s',' ','F','i','n','i','s','h','e','d'};
char speed[6]={'s','p','e','e','d','='};
int m_speed=0;
int adc_value=0;
int main(void)
{
DDRK=0xff;
DDRG=0x07;
DDRJ=0x0f;
DDRB |=(1<<DDB6);
DDRL &=~(1<<DDL0);
init_lcd();
_delay_ms(100);
lcd_cmd(0x0c); //display on
PWM_init(5000);
UART_init(9600);
init_ADC();
_delay_ms(100);
repeat:
UART_write(0);
lcd_cmd(0x01); //lcd Clear
Cursor_pos(0,1);
for(int i=0;i<9;i++)
{
lcd_write(password[i]);
}
while (1)
{
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{
unsigned char key =KeyPad();
lcd_write(key);
if (key !=pass[i]) check=0;
while(!(PINJ &(1<<Col1) && PINJ &(1<<Col2) && PINJ &(1<<Col3) && PINJ &(1<<Col4))){;}
}
if (!check)
{
num++;
if(num==3)
{
Cursor_pos(1,1);
for(int i=0;i<9;i++)
{
lcd_write(incorrect[i]);
}
_delay_ms(2000);
lcd_cmd(0x01); //clear lcd
Cursor_pos(0,1);
for(int i=0;i<15;i++)
{
lcd_write(trials[i]);
}
for(int i=0;i<60;i++)
{
_delay_ms(10000); //wait 10 minutes
}
check=1;
lcd_cmd(0x01); //lcd Clear
Cursor_pos(0,1);
for(int i=0;i<9;i++)
{
lcd_write(password[i]);
}
}
else
{
Cursor_pos(1,1);
for(int i=0;i<9;i++)
{
lcd_write(incorrect[i]);
}
_delay_ms(3000);
lcd_cmd(0x01); //lcd Clear
Cursor_pos(0,1);
for(int i=0;i<9;i++)
{
lcd_write(password[i]);
}
check=1;
}
}
else
{
num=0;
Cursor_pos(1,1);
for(int i=2;i<9;i++)
{
lcd_write(incorrect[i]);
}
_delay_ms(2000);
lcd_cmd(0x01); //lcd Clear
Cursor_pos(0,1);
for(int i=0;i<6;i++)
{
lcd_write(speed[i]);
}
UART_write('1');
while(1)
{
adc_value=ADC_read(0);
float x=(adc_value/1023.0)*100;
m_speed=x;
PWM_write(adc_value);
Cursor_pos(1,5);
display_integer(m_speed);
if(PINL &(1<<Finish)) goto repeat;
}
}
}
}
System_2
Main Code
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/delay.h>
#include "UART.h"
#include "LCD.h"
char open[5]={'o','p','e','n',' '};
char lock[5]={'l','o','c','k',' '};
char mode[4]={'m','o','d','e'};
int main(void)
{
DDRF=0xff;
DDRG=0x07;
init_lcd();
UART_init(9600);
_delay_ms(100);
lcd_cmd(0x0c); //display on
while (1)
{
if(UART_read()>0)
{
Cursor_pos(0,1);
for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
{
lcd_write(open[i]);
}
for(int i=0;i<4;i++)
{
lcd_write(mode[i]);
}
}
else
{
Cursor_pos(0,1);
for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
{
lcd_write(lock[i]);
}
for(int i=0;i<4;i++)
{
lcd_write(mode[i]);
}
}
}
}
Thank you