Chapter 15_ Humidity _ Solutions for Class 9 ICSE Total Geography Morning Star _ KnowledgeBoat
Chapter 15_ Humidity _ Solutions for Class 9 ICSE Total Geography Morning Star _ KnowledgeBoat
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Chapter 15
Humidity
Class 9 - Total Geography Morning Star
Question 1
1. Water Vapour
2. Evaporation
3. Humidity
4. Precipitation
Answer
Evaporation
Question 2
1. Condensation
2. Evaporation
3. Humidity
4. Precipitation
Answer
Condensation
Question 3
The process by which water falls to the ground in liquid, solid and frozen form :
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1. Condensation
2. Evaporation
3. Humidity
4. Precipitation
Answer
Precipitation
Question 4
1. Condensation
2. Evaporation
3. Humidity
4. Precipitation
Answer
Humidity
Question 5
1. Condensed heat
2. Humidity
3. Latent heat
4. Relative Humidity
Answer
Latent heat
Question 6
Which amongst the following is NOT one of the factors favouring evaporation?
1. Humidity
2. Supply of heat
3. Winds
4. Precipitation
Answer
Precipitation
Question 7
The ratio between the absolute humidity of a given mass of air and the maximum amount of water vapour that it can hold
at the same temperature:
1. Humidity
2. Dew Point
3. Relative humidity
4. Latent heat
Answer
Relative humidity
Question 8
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1. Humidity
2. Dew Point
3. Relative humidity
4. Latent heat
Answer
Dew Point
Question 9
The measure of the actual amount of water vapour in the air, regardless of temperature:
1. Absolute Humidity
2. Humidity
3. Dew Point
4. Relative Humidity
Answer
Absolute Humidity
Question 10
The process by which products of condensation, viz water droplets, ice crystals, sleet etc. fall to the ground:
1. Evaporation
2. Humidation
3. Precipitation
4. Condensation
Answer
Precipitation
Question 11
1. Cirrus
2. Cumulus
3. Strata
4. Stratus
Answer
Strata
Question 12
1. Cirrus
2. Cumulus
3. Strata
4. None of the above
Answer
Cumulus
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Question 13
Answer
Question 14
Answer
Question 1
Answer
The amount of water vapour in the air is determined by temperature. The hotter the air, the more the water vapour
present in it. When the atmospheric temperature is low, water vapour is less.
Question 2
Answer
Relative humidity is expressed as the ratio between the absolute humidity of a given mass of air and the maximum
amount of water vapour that it can hold at the same temperature.
Question 3
Answer
1. Clouds
2. Dew
3. Frost
4. Fog and mist
Question 4
Answer
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1. Rain
2. Snow
3. Hail
Question 5
Answer
Fog Mist
Droplets of water suspended in the atmosphere close to the It refers to the formation of clouds due to change in
surface of the earth are termed as fog. temperature or change in humidity.
Question 6
Answer
Condensation occurs only around tiny solid particles like dust or carbon dioxide in smoke. These impurities in air are
known as condensation nuclei.
Question 7
Answer
1. Convectional rainfall
2. Orographic rainfall
3. Cyclonic rainfall
Question 8
Answer
Orographic rainfall is caused by the relief of the land as it occurs from the cooling of warm moist air which ascends
above the mountain barrier lying in the direction of the prevailing winds. The presence of mountains causes humid air to
rise. The sudden ascent causes cooling of air, leading to condensation and precipitation. Hence, it is also called relief
rainfall.
Question 9
Answer
Cyclonic rainfall occurs due to cyclones and depressions irrespective of relief or convection. It is caused by convergence
of two different air masses with different temperatures and other physical properties. When warm and cold air masses
confront each other, the warmer air generally climbs above the colder air. The boundary zones of these air masses are
called the fronts.
The rising air is cooled while undergoing a frontal lift. This causes precipitation. Such precipitation is called cyclonic
rainfall.
Explain the following terms
Question 1
Precipitation
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Answer
The process by which the droplets fall to ground in liquid, solid or frozen form is known as precipitation.
Question 2
Evaporation
Answer
The process by which water vapour enters the atmosphere on heating is known as evaporation.
Question 3
Condensation
Answer
The process by which water vapour forms water droplets on cooling is known as condensation.
Question 4
Humidity
Answer
Question 1(a)
Answer
Question 1(b)
Answer
Warm air possesses more water vapour than cold air, so with the same
The higher the amount of water vapour,
amount of absolute humidity, air will have a different relative humidity
the higher is the absolute humidity.
depending on temperature.
In weather calculations, absolute humidity It is the essential characteristic of weather forecasts, which indicates
is generally not taken into account. the likelihood of precipitation, dew or fog.
Question 1(c)
(i) The total volume of water in the oceans and seas remains constant.
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(ii) In Equatorial regions the sky often remains overcast with clouds.
Answer
(i) The total volume of water in the oceans and seas remains constant because all the water that evaporates from the
earth's water bodies is eventually returned to it directly by the process of condensation and precipitation, and indirectly
by stream and overflow from land surfaces.
(ii) In Equatorial regions the sky often remains overcast with clouds due to excessive heat. The high temperature leads
to the rapid heating of air. Such heated air rises in convectional currents, leading to development of clouds at about 10
km height.
(iii) Human comfort depends on humidity because highly humid air is more oppressive. The human body dissipates heat
through perspiration and its evaporation. Under conditions of high relative humidity, the rate of evaporation of sweat from
the skin decreases and the human being feels warm and uncomfortable.
Question 1(d)
Answer
Question 2(a)
Answer
The process by which water vapour forms water droplets on cooling is known as condensation.
During condensation, the latent heat locked in water vapour is released back into the atmosphere. Condensation can
take place only when water vapour is added to saturated air or when the temperature falls below the temperature at
which air becomes saturated.
Question 2(b)
Answer
Question 2(c)
(ii) Coasts receive more rainfall than the interior of the continents.
(iii) The windward sides of mountains receive more rainfall than the leeward sides.
Answer
(i) Condensation is the reverse process of evaporation as evaporation is the process by which water vapour enters the
atmosphere on heating while condensation is the process by which water vapour is converted back to water droplets on
cooling.
(ii) Coasts receive more rainfall than the interior of the continents because the humidity in the clouds is high when they
are at the coast. When they reach the interior of the continents, they have already shed water in the form of rain, and so,
they do not have much humidity left to cause rainfall.
(iii) The windward sides of mountains receive more rainfall than the leeward sides because the sudden ascent of warm
Question 2(d)
Answer
Question 3(a)
How is dew formed? What is the difference between fog and mist?
Answer
When water vapour condenses on the surface, it forms tiny droplets of water called dew.
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Fog Mist
Droplets of water suspended in the atmosphere close to the It refers to the formation of clouds due to change in
surface of the earth are termed as fog. temperature or change in humidity.
The density of fog is quite high. The density of mist is quite low.
The visibility in fog is lower when compared to mist. The visibility in mist is higher when compared to fog.
Question 3(b)
Answer
Orographic rainfall — It occurs from the cooling of warm moist air which ascends above the mountain barrier lying in
the direction of the prevailing winds. The presence of mountains causes humid air to rise. The sudden ascent causes
cooling of air, leading to condensation and precipitation.
Convectional rainfall — This type of rainfall is common in equatorial regions. The high temperature leads to the rapid
heating of air. Such heated air rises in convectional currents, leading to development of clouds at about 10 km height.
Ascending currents of hot and humid air causes condensation of the clouds, resulting in heavy rainfall.
Question 3(c)
Answer
(i) The sudden ascent of warm moist air on the windward sides causes cooling of air, leading to condensation and
precipitation.
On the contrary, on descending the leeward slope, a decrease in altitude increases both the pressure and the
temperature, leading the air to get compressed and warm. Consequently, the relative humidity drops and there is
evaporation and little or no precipitation in the rain shadow area. Hence, a rain shadow area is generally dry.
(ii) Frontal rain is common in mid-latitudes due to the meeting of the sub-tropical and polar air masses. It is caused by
convergence of two different air masses with different temperatures and other physical properties. When warm and cold
air masses confront each other, the warmer air generally climbs above the colder air. The rising air is cooled while
undergoing a frontal lift. This causes precipitation. Such precipitation is called cyclonic rainfall.
(iii) Convectional rainfall is called 4 o'clock rainfall as this type of rainfall occurs in the afternoon at about 4 o'clock. This
is because the heat from the sun builds up throughout the day, causing the air to rise and form clouds that eventually
bring rain in late afternoon around 4 o'clock.
Question 3(d)
Answer
The process by which products of condensation, water droplets, ice crystals, sleet, etc., fall to ground is known as
precipitation.
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1. Rain — It is the most common form of precipitation. Raindrops of smaller size and less intensity are known as
drizzle.
2. Snow — Water droplets which rise higher and freeze on account of drop in temperature is called snow. Snowfall
usually occurs in winters in cold climates or on high mountains.
3. Hail — Sometimes, vertical air currents may push water droplets or ice particles higher. They form into solid ice and
fall as hail. Hailstones cause great damage to crops.
Thinking Skills
Question 1
Condensation is regarded as the reverse process of evaporation. Imagine if this reverse process does not happen, what
would be its consequences on climate and human beings? Also state the conditions under which this reversal may not
happen.
Answer
If condensation does not occur, it would have significant consequences on climate and human beings:
Climate consequences —
1. Reduced cloud formation — Without condensation, clouds would be scarce or non-existent, leading to decreased
cloud cover and overall cloud-related phenomena.
2. Decreased precipitation — The absence of condensation would result in limited or no rainfall, leading to drought
conditions and water scarcity.
3. Disrupted water cycle — Condensation is a key component of the water cycle. Without condensation, the water
cycle would be disrupted, affecting the distribution and availability of water resources.
Human consequences —
1. Water scarcity — The lack of condensation and subsequent reduced precipitation would result in water scarcity,
affecting drinking water supplies, agriculture, and various industries dependent on water resources.
2. Impact agriculture and food production — Insufficient rainfall due to the absence of condensation would negatively
impact agricultural productivity, leading to crop failures and food shortages.
3. Ecosystem disruption — Condensation plays a vital role in sustaining ecosystems by providing water for plants,
animals, and other organisms. Without condensation, ecosystems would suffer from water stress, impacting
biodiversity and ecological balance.
Possible conditions under which this reversal may not happen are:
1. Extremely low humidity — If the air has extremely low humidity levels, there may not be enough moisture present for
condensation to occur.
2. Lack of condensation nuclei — In the absence of sufficient condensation nuclei, condensation may be hindered.
3. Absence of cooling mechanism — Lack of cooling, such as the ascent of air masses or interaction of warm and cold
air, hindering condensation.
Question 2
Name two physical objects in your home which are affected by humidity. Also state the reason for such an affect.
Answer
1. Woodwind Musical Instruments like flutes are made of wood and can be impacted by humidity. High humidity can
cause the wood to swell, affecting the instrument's structure, playability, and tone while low humidity can lead to the
wood drying out, resulting in cracks, leaks, and changes in sound quality.
2. Electronic devices, such as computers, televisions and smartphones can be affected by humidity. High humidity
levels can cause moisture to accumulate inside the devices, potentially leading to corrosion of circuitry and electrical
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components. Excessive humidity may also interfere with proper functioning and performance, causing malfunctions
or even permanent damage.
Question 3
List two places which receive two types of rainfall. Give reasons to support your answer.
Answer
1. Moist winds from the Arabian Sea rise over the mountains, causing heavy orographic rainfall on the windward side.
2. High temperatures and local conditions lead to localized thunderstorms and convectional rainfall.
Northeastern states of Meghalaya and Assam also receive both orographic rainfall and convectional rainfall.
1. Moisture-laden winds from the Bay of Bengal encounter the Eastern Himalayas, resulting in significant orographic
rainfall on the windward side.
2. Warm and humid conditions contribute to convective cloud formation, leading to heavy convectional showers and
thunderstorms.
Project Work/Map Work
Question 1
List the forms of precipitation that occur in your city along with the time of year when they occur.
Answer
1. Rain — Rainfall is most common during the monsoon season, which extends from June to September. The heaviest
rainfall occurs in July and August.
2. Hail — Hailstorms are relatively rare in my city, but they can occur during the pre-monsoon months of March to May.
These storms are more sporadic and less frequent compared to rainfall.
3. Fog, Mist and Dew — In winters, mornings are foggy in my city and there is a lot of dew at night.
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