KHAN GLOBAL STUDIES

Kisan Cold Storage, Sai Mandir, Mussalahpur Hatt, Patna – 6

Mob. : 8877918018, 8757354880

Defence (Mathematics) By : Prashant Sir

Trigonometry formula
sin 𝑥 𝜋
C tan 𝑥 =
cos 𝑥
, 𝑥 ≠ (2𝑛 + 1) ,
2

where n is any integer

cos 𝑥
cot 𝑥 = sin 𝑥
, 𝑥 ≠ 𝑛𝜋,

Where n is any integer

Note :

𝜋
B A 1. If 𝜃 ≠ (2𝑛 + 1) , 𝑛𝜖𝑍, then
2
𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐵
sin 𝜃 = 𝐴𝐶
, cos 𝜃 = 𝐴𝐶
, 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 = 1 ⟹
𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐵
tan 𝜃 = , cot 𝜃 = (sec 𝜃 + tan 𝜃)(sec 𝜃 − tan 𝜃) = 1
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐶 1
sec 𝜃 = 𝐴𝐵, 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = 𝐵𝐶 ⟹ sec 𝜃 + tan 𝜃 = sec 𝜃−tan 𝜃

∠A 0° 30° 45° 60° 90° 2. If 𝜃 ≠ 𝑛𝜋, 𝑛𝜖𝑍 then 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 − cot 𝜃 =

1
sin 𝐴 0 1 1 √3 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃+cot 𝜃
2 √2 2 900
cos 𝐴 1 √3 1 1 0
Q2 Q1
2 √2 2
sin   0,cos ec  0
tan 𝐴 0 1 1 √3 ∞ All positive
other negative
√3
cot 𝐴 ∞ √3 1 1 0
180 0 00 or 3600
√3 Q3 Q4
sec 𝐴 1 2 2 ∞ tan   0,cot   0 cos  0,sec  0
√2
other negative other negative
√3
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴 ∞ 2 √2 2 1
√3

2700
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1 ⟹ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 i.
𝜋
sin 𝑛𝜋 = tan 𝑛𝜋 = cos(2𝑛 + 1) 2 = 0, ∀𝑛𝜖𝑍
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 = 1 ⟹ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 = 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 𝜋
ii. sin(2𝑛 + 1) 2 = (−1)𝑛 and cos 𝑛𝜋 = (−1)𝑛 ,
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 = 1 ⟹ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 = 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 ∀𝑛𝜖𝑍
1 𝜋
sec 𝑥 = cos 𝑥, 𝑥 ≠ (2𝑛 + 1) 2 , ➢. sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵

Where n is any integer ➢. sin(𝐴 − 𝐵) = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵

➢. cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) = cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵
➢. cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) = cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 𝐶+𝐷 𝐶−𝐷
➢ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐶 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐷 = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠
2 2
tan 𝐴+tan 𝐵
➢. tan(𝐴 + 𝐵) = 1−tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵 𝐶+𝐷 𝐶−𝐷
➢ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐶 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐷 = −2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛
2 2
tan 𝐴−tan 𝐵
➢. tan(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 1+tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵 ➢ sin 𝑛𝜋 = 0; cos 𝑛𝜋 = (−1)𝑛 ; tan 𝑛𝜋 = 0
cot 𝐴 cot 𝐵−1 where 𝑛𝜖𝑍
➢. cot(𝐴 + 𝐵) = cot 𝐵+cot 𝐴
𝜋 √3−1 5𝜋
cot 𝐴 cot 𝐵+1 ➢ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 1 50 𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛 12 = = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 7 50 𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠 12 ;
➢. cot(𝐴 − 𝐵) = cot 𝐵−cot 𝐴
2√2

𝜋 √3+1 5𝜋
➢. 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐵 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐵 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 = sin(𝐴 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 1 50 𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠 12 = 2√2
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 7 50 𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛 12 ;
𝐵) . sin(𝐴 − 𝐵) √3−1
𝑡𝑎𝑛 1 50 = = 2 − √3 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 7 50 ;
2 2 2 2 √3+1
➢. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐵 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 = cos(𝐴 +
𝐵) . cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) 𝑡𝑎𝑛 7 50 =
√3+1
= 2 + √3 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 1 50 ;
√3−1
➢. tan(𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶) =
𝜋 √5−1
tan 𝐴+tan 𝐵+tan 𝐶−tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵 tan 𝐶 ➢ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 10 𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛 1 80 = 4
&
1−tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵−tan 𝐵 tan 𝐶−tan 𝐶 tan 𝐴

𝜃 𝜃 𝜋 √5+1
➢. sin 2𝐴 = 2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴; sin 𝜃 = 2 sin 2 cos 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 60 𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠 5 = 4

➢. cos 2𝐴 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝐴 − 1 = 1 − ➢ sin 𝛼 + sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) + sin(𝛼 + 2𝛽) + ⋯ +

2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴; sin(𝛼 + 𝑛 − 1𝛽)
𝑛𝛽
𝜃 𝜃 sin 𝑛−1
2𝑐𝑜𝑠2
2
= 1 + cos 𝜃; 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2 = 1 − cos 𝜃 = 2
𝛽 sin (𝛼 + 2
𝛽)
sin
2
𝜃
2 tan
➢. tan 2𝐴 =
2 tan 𝐴
; tan 𝜃 = 2 ➢ cos 𝛼 + cos(𝛼 + 𝛽) + cos(𝛼 + 2𝛽) + ⋯ +
1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2
𝜃
2 cos(𝛼 + 𝑛 − 1𝛽)
2 tan 𝐴 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 𝑛𝛽
➢. sin 2𝐴 = ; cos 2𝐴 = sin 𝑛−1
1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 = 2
𝛽 cos (𝛼 + 𝛽)
sin 2
2
➢. sin 3𝐴 = 3 sin 𝐴 − 4𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝐴
➢ sin(−𝜃) = − sin 𝜃
➢. cos 3𝐴 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠3 𝐴 − 3 cos 𝐴
cos(−𝜃) = cos 𝜃
3 tan 𝐴−𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝐴
➢. tan 3𝐴 = tan(−𝜃) = − tan 𝜃
1−3𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴
1 cot(−𝜃) = − cot 𝜃
➢. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 . 𝑠𝑖𝑛(600 − 𝐴) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(600 + 𝐴) = 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝐴
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 (−𝜃) = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃
➢. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠(600 − 𝐴) 𝑐𝑜𝑠(600 + 𝐴) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3𝐴
4
sec(−𝜃) = sec 𝜃
➢. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐴 . 𝑡𝑎𝑛(600 − 𝐴) 𝑡𝑎𝑛(600 + 𝐴) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 3𝐴
➢ If a cos 𝜃 + 𝑏 sin 𝜃 = 𝑐 and then
➢. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃. 𝑐𝑜𝑠22 𝜃 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠23 𝜃 . . . 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑛−1 𝜃 = 𝑎 sin 𝜃 − 𝑏 cos 𝜃 = 𝐾 then 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑐 2 +
2 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑛 𝜃
2𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
𝑘2

➢ 2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 = sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) + sin(𝐴 − 𝐵) ➢ If 𝑎 sec 𝜃 + 𝑏 tan 𝜃 = 𝑐 and 𝑎 tan 𝜃 + 𝑏 sec 𝜃 =

𝑘 then 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑘 2
➢ 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝐴 + 𝐵) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝐴 − 𝐵)
➢ If and 𝑎 cot 𝜃 +
𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 + 𝑏 cot 𝜃 = 𝑐
➢ 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐵 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝐴 + 𝐵) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝐴 − 𝐵)
𝑏 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = 𝑘 then 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑘 2
2 2

➢ 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝐴 − 𝐵) − 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝐴 + 𝐵)

➢ If 8 cos 𝜃 + 6 sin 𝜃 = 5 then 8 sin 𝜃 − 6 cos 𝜃 =
𝐶+𝐷 𝐶−𝐷
➢ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐶 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐷 = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ➢ If 𝑎 > 0, 𝑏 > 0 and 𝑓(𝑥) > 0 then
2 2
𝐶+𝐷 𝐶−𝐷 𝑏
➢ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐶 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐷 = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 a 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 2√𝑎𝑏