—— AROALIGAIES CG MALOARERES = * satin a a 7 Prppoabion 76 ie Leryieat > Botting foint Matting Pink Sctubilty , Dipote Moment, tla Chemical > Reactions PhiRD. ete se : 4 Inboduction “Chlowamphanicot > Twat ment of Typhoid Fever “These > Ub duficiemey came Groitse *Chlerequine 9 Treatment of Malonio. * Holsthane > Anousthetic ward in sur > I a Ce Sr | cn | cna, | ze =H : “ Alkane > Haleatkane. Conn... x) CnHan+2) 4, a,60, QD net suaed . Ex: CHa SP CH3Ce Otel *Galte sm Calisé ualagen Saiudeetnibos * Cog E> Cota br Benzene —H— ' Haleoume ¢ CegHe) Cees *) Ke 2 ; a. Hole-oswgat ‘ ame eh ; Q +a oO : 4 comporurnl. @ scanned with OKEN Scanner% Clouifeatn MOn the bas number, Halogen tomy CHa-X > CHsx a Life x Menchaleatkane 2 es Dihatoatkons bax one T Buhaloatkane CH3CH=CRCH= =cncnl ss os CCH=C=CHCECH =k ot Lest ae, Be ~H ont WV oN 6 ae Yee ane a a Sp sp en et Halogen ear & hen Oat | Conse aT ag on 1 Condon > (9 nabs ao Seah on-y ge @ scanned with OKEN Scannere de® CHELO s@Qlce es ec c Costben ic B coven double bend an wide Cotten 3 side ATT Condon a allylic Caxben aed 8) nus nidytie Cav ‘Wylie on) es CEC x cee “6x ~ Pitiegt Allylie. Habis Albylic Halids Migs C2) “Corben double bora | [C=C] a gas Covkon % aide canben | arg Halogen eum & Allyfic vali (3°) Bengene xin: aT cazbon’, l c-x eee : tic, catbon Ga Olean BERT Hatagen i ae | oTe a 3H 1 ae Bonsy lic Habids i i e | Ren] 7 “H&S bond a ot @ scanned with OKEN ScannerGia Axomatic, ryguocaiior a Halogen dict aT at Sei dalide Hed CH) segs Halide we Nomunclatune Comumen ( All Habicle) 7 ae ae Keyt (gem- — oe ; L ate. L ae + Word Root + Buimawy Sufix + Arcondlary duffint Cane ucts Ene aoe &)ene di a “eth? c= —COOHCoie Atid) Aesth ‘prop’ xtc. J HALOGENS Q Cragine LGR F>Elusre > choo 7 2 3 4s tr 6om Olga e-& §] Fr Indo B-Chumto 4- ethyl 3 S-dimathyt 5-(W'-metiuyl ety) Octona. @ scanned with OKEN Scannera : 2- Brome 4 - Chloe Pentane. ae é : 2 1 Qa. 2-Chlew B- mucthye Buta. Ce. 4- Chloe 2,2 -diimutiye fropaue. Sotued Example -Lo.4 C-C#CHCEX feel a! ONrC.C egy ae creel Te _¢ Cubby + (Butone) 4 Co \ f- ok ae c-e-¢-x “ ¢ i & Ca matt epars) cne-c ag CaHio 2 isomuw : j = ha : Cay Wah? 4 oorger, ghiche ! al C-C-C-C-U we] oy c+c-€ {-Chiove Gutans. ek é c-c-c-C CCC “Swe na ta C + go chipu Butant \=Chloxo 2-muthyt Propane et 3 @ scanned with OKEN ScannerCsi 3 homo . C-¢-c-¢-¢ H Re wre’ pe + t c-e-C Ce C5Hi 87 2.8 somes, ila, ct ill [- Brome 2,2-dinuthyl Propane @ scanned with OKEN Scanner© Q> Drow the structures ofS, Q 2,4- dinutro chews bungent QW) \- Brome 4-Uhlete ut-2-enk @) @-3-Greme- 2 methyl Prop-t-ene © 2-Breme- Pentane 7 1,4-dg Brome Gut -2-ene @ 2-Chloro, S-metiye Pontes QW). 2(2 - Brome Phijnyt) Butane a 2(2- chlowe Phenyt) {Toda Octane : |-Breme- 4-sec, 2-muthyl & em St ® A det, Gurtye aE heptau, we ' Stig S Hs NO @ @-c-c=c-c-8e @ Spc-c=dee fos Now, cr O cec-e-e~e — @ Bs-G-C=C-C- BY | D c-c-d-e-€ | a er @) c-c-c=¢ Gy Rec Salk @® nd Hs oa a Oo c-e-C-c © C-e-t-c~e —¢=¢ e- ore & Fe Notwe of C-X bond. so Hilegem atoms ara more ebictronupaliie than carbon. * Caxbon otem bears oo axitial tve beam o- portal —ve P a charge k the thalegen atom. "nk talogon bond. of aye tabi is pln @ scanned with OKEN ScannerG coum of Hi aM: CR-x I L From Aleohat. i Hale hi $0C0, Best) For Hiydbscaran . at Swords, He ee en. Her(ugy) — Alkane 7 Plkone. 7 coe repr 4 eal cat ea a Bae Hahogendith ayer cd di adi de fd /x a a Oe Xay High Termp/d/nv 2 tune of HX, Matkowrtiter. NaBrtH2S0y, Haleabkane , Formed Sum Alcohet. © Oy Lucas Reagent Cx + Zncl SY 3 aor + <7, = =Zn0 R~0H + Hx 2% -R-x + Ho Ex9 cron +He0 22 eye tino CaWsOH + HBr 224 ©, eee t H20 G Se Mm Perri S c-c-on > c~C- 0H | ne n ' Hi¢ Te . Socend: B. 2 ase (2°) eae eae Tadbidit Turbiolity Thrbidetey Irrmesliatly apter Sming . vat Ream Ternp. Su Rut (Subossition Nuxchuephitic J x ~ Not formed, sae HBr >H> HE aber ngn signee easly beak ont tas @ scanned with OKEN Scanner@ Ps Os PIB R-OH + PUZ—— BRAT 13003, Ex» BcHgoH + Ps —? 313 + H3 P03 Cog OH + PUZ —F SC2Us Ch + H3hO3 Pics ROH + POs —> Be R-U + POWs tHE, EX CHOW + PUs — CAgU + POU THE CRs OH Ps > Cos UF POULTHA, @ Soe Chionye Chtoxicte) . His Hea best method to prepa Hatootkame. buoauae 212s produch au gases ound Pure Habectkame can be pepyed « ROH + $0, ——> RL + S0,G) TP + HAG T ® A+ with Heat , K Twith H4P03(orthoPhospherie acid ) Rfon + Hy —2 gor +H:0 CAB) H tet, p- OH. R}oOn + KL nhs R-I + Ki sv) @ hed e/a, (X> 1,82) ROH tq ee RoX © NoBy + HaS0y R-OH + NaBr + H250y —> R- br + NaHS, +420. — @ scanned with OKEN Scanner| | ¥ Prem Hyco conbon, | Prom. Atkome (Worst metned) - Faget . i eal hv le TEA CHy + C2 —— Che + AL, Ut aT L t He dn excess wa: ve | Qs Drow the structure off : © Msec = butyl Chloride.” ~ @ 1s0- propyl Bromide D Grtert - butyt Chloride @ ts0- purty Bromicte @ 40 bytye chloride @ 4-Chlowe Pet - 2-en, Bl rhe @ ce @M c-c-c-ce ee c é -t- =@- C= C+ Meee Ocoee ex @ By & ii 5 XN ( + Hi0 XK \ Phenot. Haloweone— a Gren S Ck. @ scanned with OKEN ScannerQ> Give the IUPAC-nome of + yea) G-e cM OD f- ® eke @ cr cn ona @ ree F C=C} buy als be: So = Chow Z-methye Propane QD I-Chioee 2-metiy® Bictove, GayZe overs 5-thlow 3.5 diettyt Higatone. ellen ee , Hy- HE CH- CH Unsymmetrical: Cig-CH=CH2 CHa — < = Cn, CH3 x Ka Ax 2 HI>PBs HU DHE Koons Chvocheat o UV aap) t nie setvent Le Aluyhic it . Substitution Vicinol dihalide. vx HBr-+Peronide. “CECT Gp -e-c- ' Nazkou nikov antl ix + Rule Mavkounitioy, ‘ Rue ge Prm HX ent CH CH,t HL CHa- Che CH, — CHE CH= CHst+ HBr —>- “CHa = CH TNH ber " (e] chs -c#G-Hs thd —— t D ens bs, Ons GCs chs Cy @ scanned with OKEN Scannera “—™~ - « CHy- Cad TP, CHA CHa CH Ch = oN , er Cs- CE af, + By —S CHs (ACH i Rev hy CMs (dleubte bend a g Oy Sao | u%, gai CHs—¢ =H $n — Ws ¢ CH2Chs hd CH; Oh . CHa ys no. wa ee. CHa CHEE Hee: (ach cre soni) Mechariom, ee aes AT ejpied Catable) ~ oe Ore Greco! ici seaipgae’ aa Gd» ch — ae shay eco x Tales +I . o Cstabl) ‘ wh, bs CH CH TH CHa CH I y C- 8 HOx + Powwride (Un AntiMonkovnikor Rule) CHach eel aie re CHy CHa Wr Br - Provide) Bemyoye Ponide (CeHs-C0),0, Di oe @ scanned with OKEN Scanner° ch3cncHs Maxkovnikoy. wonton onl Anti | Murornikoy CH3 CHa Ch, Br CHa CHs #X2 (CLL, Se, Ce He) Ch =CHa +Cln CHa~ CHe by a. CSa. CH Chy-CH= CHa + hn —~ CHa GATS ; on. X12 CHigh Temp., hv; UV, heat) Ch =cn{cHs) rope mmpeicn oi a : Crnptic costs) fe te ee = ae MASSOKUNERERUCEEED ra - % % % = tig £ = es one Se ek we VUEEELEEE @ scanned with OKEN Scanner& wp CEE G7 @) cher + Not PBEM Ciscnaa trace @ cMsBr + Not SHOCKS chat + Nady GD Gece + AgE ——> CHgcu.h -ecfhpee QY) ChsGagr + ¥g2® —— cuaciye. Bupwration of Holocene. CHategen aid’) i os coy Sandmeyern — arklermans Dict Trdisact (ide S ‘ ak i Lt 4 chat) "Tabet Asim Luts oy L.A. * Fipsert *Bamunce Sunlight of sunlight *Voloaxumt 6 . 4 caulk t @ scanned with OKEN ScannerPA or Diudt Halogenation of axsmatic Hydrocarbon. ’ Cette wc Yor cular clay TAB » QO +us[or, ee Cie— “4 gs we Ay Fl ae Cr ic we FetO, a “Paya Fes Habagen Caverier => ett Halagen ou an cary ata & anty = Pnhyd. Znte axomatic sing dh aearar e bd duwis Add. » be-dyidet 2 @ Hakogen Carvien, o-Chlovd = Unlove eR ong mE a 2 O Che, Anluyd Feds cs + O Tatum | @ . ontho-B | pSta oy sid Chain Hologenaitirn. * 7 o Senay 3 cet 3 nw ; 2 2° © +o our Se Oe Oo * } : +n +o Tatuune. “Ben 2 a Ds Move than Methyl group. a Buin, 24" F hen-chy Cit CHa-Ct a Oo 40, > f + 2 (s6%) Cu4) : ” La senth waar Priory 84 2)» = = 2 = @ scanned with OKEN ScannerFX Crm Oigentum Rx®. @ w | a © | Ouel, HO > 3 dmuy ox Pe _ Bry sane MC unto. Nu" [Gubr., r. Cupy, HY Nand. tHE > 4 CoP 5°)¢ nieay € Anitin. C293-248«) ips esi (ote | J — Schieman Flupye Bra Rx | Viogotisation. KE eng (Strats 84 Staking’) Motteuman Rx” x Breer cu, Heat iS Diegonium gat ®, dt tae i oO ans aie Sand } ot wd ert ree am . Gotteunan Gu, H oO Ra Nier } Cu, HBr & nse { . > er w) ow a CHC net Cy ssa Ot @ wes Se ve . Ws Sntext 10.5 aii) ¢ Of. 0H CA,w ee « ey THe te LT HI Ci (Mavtovnixov) a By w) CHa, By + Nol —— cyt tT wi) heat ag C Firkuatein Rx") oO ae id (Aluplce Substinctten ) Hi. @ scanned with OKEN ScannerVPUORPRDESBUTLUBRBUULEBRECUREECCTF E56 Ges] c-c-¢ ‘| c~& 1, 2-dichlore-Propany | aa : 4 cnet | ,3-dichtero Prepaun a @ 8 cee (,(=dlichlors prepave. | @ F : 7 a s C-t-¢ | 2,2-dichlowo Propaus. t a | r CECE 1, 2a- dich waeButane aa precce-c | a e- Pp =yG-'C-C-€ &, \ a a [——: C-e-C-€ og b> c-C-e-c Qa Ly ceee-e' & &. {, 3- dichore Rutane. 1, Urdichiwe Guraue . tt dich lew Butane \ 9,2-dichlore Buta + 2.3 -dichbreButae, @ scanned with OKEN Scanner% Monohatogen durivatives (omens ) ; 9 C-C-C-QX_ [-chloto Propant Catlg(C-C-C) oe i 2- chlowo Prepons. C-C-C=c-G 1-Chlowe Butane Cut ighC- 6 Ce, - C-C-C-C. 2-Chiwrt Buran a c-C-c-@ 2 2- coe i I-chieis 2-methyr Fropanr CG p: ! : c-¢- 2-chlov0 2. fe - mye, Peart ' C-C-C-C-C-Q [-chlow Penta CsA cee weed. . Pr? C-C- C=C“ C2 -chlow Fentons by te CCC C-C 3 -chlezo fenton cw é c-e- ee Fee tae ee w [> C-c- c- c . 2-chlow Smetiyk Butary é 2-chlero 3-matiyl Butane |? €-e-0-¢ eu GHC HOC. gs, ‘ : ce EB om 3 metye. Butane : ¢ c-é-c 3 ; . t C-F-C-c |-chlowe 272-dimettyf Propane & 4 @ scanned with OKEN ScannerP> Quaations : pe On iy C5Hn gives only ome monechterination pocket. Identify HjC= OE Hs 8-mattiye Butane » Ha con C4 precuc) s WC- an SA -dirnagh PEPIN ye CH CHa CHacy Pemtons oMy Conly one product) (3p ) phe HEC 20H, CH BY 2s they Bs ua @ 2 . oO + S0th ——> d +80.) +€Het(9) me * Chua Bropuetin of Halealkana & Halowrons je > (Physi dtoby 4 amell. W Halsabkanu, Ye lower mumbes upto d carbors oe cotourtlus gasea cit oom tompenatun , Cr- C2 > Colawias, Gos EX? CHsUl, Gear ete Co-Cig > Swett Smell, Liquid x9 CaitaCh , Coa ete Cig---- 3 Coteurte , Solid £27 Cig Br etc. Gi) Votowums, ote qumarably chews uvith plosont odaur or odpstalline Solids avithe Choxacteutic smell. Staonger bend bfvo motecule H- bond >V. WF. F.0.AKBP Dipot- Londo V.W.RO Alot, Mass Dipote fora, BELLE LELELEEEES @ scanned with OKEN Scanner(KEV WE ea, BP Te +R>Same CALKyL group) 7 tiles CHsI >CcH >cH re a abr 3s > CHF eke Halogen) Te Dee ore " + 2 Foe the same Al p ae as per Kyl gaeup , the B., of looters ccnunis in RID RBTD> REL RE Vhs tw Becquete WR the inonase un sie & mas f halogen, the mogmnituos VWF. of obbraction Sndteases. Hs < CH < GMO << CyHg- Mot. Mam Tea, VWwe Tes, BPTes fox the same Holopim ati tte boiling polit of haleabkane Boa au rouans i of i rep » This ja dur to Ne Pee ee cule, os rat man, Anca VWF, inganses ond oiling. point ollso Ane ¥ecisiy + ii [Asomante. Haat) : ie a bons Supa fires Lowg “x? Sante} S ga smallest. CnC 0 CEE > (ated. Grands aw Cc ora ae CoH = huge CoH... rR Butt, Susehae Prem Ted 5 ‘Branching ye, BP, < for isemode “holbitara., the belllrg points -dacreanes ath brant 7 this tn becauars 1 » molecules ete compact wnd thewfore decrtares thy ce OO sof hodoalkane and sot cipote - clipat., > London Force ( pein, ) ( Petar) (Non estar) Alkane < Holodtkant X Ethur < Aldehyde < Ketone < Alec < Carboxylic (London) — ipsta- dipote) say BAP, Tes VREBEERBEREREBBEBELECRERBECEZECTTTZ +$t may be noted shat Aaloatkane have higha boiling points as i is Jy dus to compaud te thest of corvewsponding alkanes Huis ‘their, polariby amd etzony oipote ~ clipot interaction bjt haboatkanes motecules. Chiy< CHsl —_” 6P tes C Raloanenes Via BAK MP of Arye Hadid ve nemety the same cu that of haboal Kane umntaining Samu no. of Carbon atomu Yhs BP of NotretaLogere clocivatives of, Bergen are @ 6>O>4>0 * Uh BP of Ssomouc 4 diholobengeny os Meorly the sane But wel ‘ TH NP ou quite diftnent . > Grerwally Yiu MP of para isomer is always higher thou Pat 04 ortho or mete isomos.° ~ = Yhin uv dus th the wasn that tu pan lsomn iu mow : Aymmnatstead & henct , to molucelis pack olealy in the crystal fattia ahs -@ result | Inteunolecutar force of Attraction ote attonger andl Fhosgora , greater enogy iu suguined to break the poxar Homer Aottion & it mus at High tumpucatons . s tn) the orden of § @ scanned with OKEN Scannerrt et Oe @ a BRK WS ang as an | ‘ MeIR 256 249 "303 seta ; ¢ ¥ Although _ tet fotar in ntti, yet thay art rsctuble sp ane notable te form H- bond with sty, Be sdivble bn the eroainic’ sctyerio Ake bemgene , ethes Chlovoform, Carbon tetverchlovidle ate aleahot , etc. # Aryl Hotids ; att a inietuble. in water, but veaslily sniselbte with organic a ae Cis Cyclist: + Dipole- Dips Low enugy Stoble oH 2 Unutuble Polar + fotos —> Disgatve W.Patox +N, Potarr-> Dissolve W.Potaxe Potar > Dissetve X - ee it is ondethwunic pasa Ahem cin Intent 6.6 : ‘ Hy 2 . G)"CHs6r,: HBR 5) ‘Olt Sie COR cHth, i “ais oH {CHOLCHO & ; Bis ane Sai ® ® Bau O ©x@< OO ox<@@ Se § heel at, % Mot. Maus, KW.P Me Viw.P z Mitr. ae = @ scanned with OKEN ScannerFOTO FOE CHR s Chioroform a fi i £Cyyeride ore Lightor than wotw but "whi & Todlds we Prowior. i CHO, 3Yho dunsiby ncrraat with increase Jn coon atore of 0 Srometgen habogen atom amd atoms mais of halogen actom - Todofoam > Relative dlunsity cu av follows R-I>R-Ba > RL >R-L, Chemical & a of (A) HALOAKANES. F Chemizal Rx VN ‘ «bet fox Free Radical A-B+ D —=> A-O+8 - ‘ NE 4 Addition Rx" abe - Pyte Kadical CHIs, A-B +0 —> a-6-D Elimirein Rou” A-B-®0,— A-B+D Rearrangement Rx* A-6-0-C—> A-C-D-8 Chemical Rx" (Haloatkaine) 4 P4 ye € ei, . ae ivi J Rx" swith Rx" Rx® ‘metals d. . in b wiwits Rx” Nuchphibie alate KOH Grignard. Ko! Su OSNa Ro’ Stowschemical Aspects © scanned with 0 OKEN ScannerH Nusclrophilic Swbstitusien Ro" 48 Pr ; Rok RY Nu > Re Nu FX7 enrich Speae } “ve LP, Whur o. muchophit e~ sth spa) andor aban 1A felt ln (X~ joare iy spore) stronger than tu Halide lon (x PE rape hawing a poidol, ve change on caxben ator, n” takes place the thalapen atom called ‘the faving gins: doped hati cone . a arn *Ambicurct ' \ ss Groyp Gk cynidss(cn)) and. nity CNOZ) ahave we nucheophitic Centres amd ane called a dard inc fe. Cynbles group 12 0, tyybrid of tw0 contributing studwes and can act ow masclaephile in save dipounts ways. J GOAN! PCN: ae A io wis v R-CN VA A RENEE AHA Aliiyl eyanide Bs eyaidy Sinitasdy , f i NO, > WAN=o: (apes te R-ONO R-NO, “Alege Nibik — NibroMlkant @ scanned with OKEN Scanner[> Ag Koi/nidH —> R-OH + KX/Nox ane > H20S ow ——> R-OH + HX Casidic) [> Ken/ Nac —> R-CNF K-X/Nax [ARN RNG 8G >» KND2 9 ——* R- “ONO + KX I— Agno. ——> R-No. + Agx —> NadR ——> R-OR + Nax i Ether) ; i J+ Ns >. Re NH + HX d Carmine) a ak . * bs HCECNat ——> R-CocH + Nox «3 CAIKyns) fae -Co0Ag* ——> enge + Agx oe Cestex) Poti ee eT A Re -I + Nox t Céline) Nik ——> R-W-H + HX Rk [— (R)2NH —> REN-R! HX Rk : LiAlty —— Qty 4Hx Pravi da CAlKane) 2 Rydroqes @ scanned with OKEN Scanner> Sng (Birmotueutar Se Nuclesphitic substitution ) \ " PUBL n | caxe™ -—> Wo i x ——nee +x" | + OH PO : | i q oN on } ¥ ‘ @ nw H h Bord eth activity of Sia Ferman - e >2°%>3e Creansiton aes Fae of Bx” (eate oy Rx afa]( | Say CUnimotrcutax Nucleophitte Substitution ) CHS a cH CHs Step2 CH. 3 Ke Reet be i t of cise tax” —H_s Con + nO-C. Ch, Cy ate x, : feltstipry \ CH CHy Cy CH ey ee Esrenanine) Snveraign: i ie a Arrange the eat, for SN, Re (2008, oon!) Ct) 2-Breme Pentane > ‘tee : Gi) I-Bromo fentane — c-c-c~c~e- re pe i Gil) 3- Gren 2-methyt “Bulan, > c - é- feces fox str i : , € a . € Reactivity 3 \">2">3° : a 3 I-Breme Pentau > 2-Byome furiaur > 2- Bins oni fil Cr’) Q (sy @ scanned with OKEN ScannerSN SN, “Yrvexsion of Configuration. + Orenaion + Retention of Cmbiguratin *Tranuition stat y formed. +Intourediate ia formd (carbocotien + eactivily of Altye Hoside’ — |» Reaotiviby of Alkyl Holic + fan aprotic. Sowent, +Colax protic sctvent(to sable Caxbochtlon), « Ratunie mixin: us not formed ‘Racunia mintunt us formed. *Ortowrudicd. J not formed. *Tranaltion state is not formed. Polar Probie. Sotuent 4 give R™ R-1 > R-B¥ D>R-“ > RF Reactivity Tes for SNL ESN, both & C-C-c-c- sto AE -C-C- C~ TF Smid sar tooth Fost a an oh Q> O S Sh ean SM ee ® Ww O @>©>@ Spd, pce @ scanned with OKEN ScannerCREUCECERBEREEEGUEGEGEECUCETCECEER Su. a frcule, tore pout wn tu called bimolecular .bicauss doo ao . a Saotsatg of ote’, the okt dpuntls upon concentration , Of both tre swactant. . erurcleophilt dmterect with a bond. to beer while clases LORE An Sua amuchaniam , the in : Alnyeralicl. causing jhe coxbon- halt fouming wa mew conbon- nuclvophile bond , two p : place stmuttoneously Sn single step & no Jntoumsdiots as formed. > Seanuitton stake ba formed un which “covtbon ia bondid. $8 Fotoms that ia combon atom Js simublaneowuly bonded, 48 incoming mucheophile & outgeing tuoving gueup. % Su > 4 bs vcobled unimoteoilar bicause one molecule tabu partt tn Autermining the ate of Hx, the Hate depend on only, one aubstrate (Haleatkane). — SN, ocewws dn 2 steps s The polarised C-By bond i 7 a carbocation. & Bromide son ( ime chainy, t0e us thon attoked by Muuclesphile , > Yromsition stat U net formed , onty inteuneudiate in formed, > Onty Qetortion | crfgunation is rms, @ scanned with OKEN Scanner% Elimination Ra " L., % carbon & Ayalon Remove, * Halbatkam, ——> Alkens, ak 3 Hy - chy alc. KOH/NaoH he oe CHa=CH. + BY i we ‘Ethane. Kon et “limi Product « > chs cH ole. KOH : ae CH3CH= CHB + Her yo Propeme. Cha= Ch-Cs “ ~ > CHs OH CH Oke. KOK Bx CX Aud Yogen 3% Hysragen ° Obs GHots E> CATER, + Ot GED be (a! Remove) (#6 Remove H) Move stable Less stable. Souytgehh >. Mowe tn doecgun iin abRime , nore Rut atti tf oDlne ue fo rai % Rox” swith metals. @rignad Rsagent (Ovganemetallic cornpeund) Learbim maton bond compound formed. *Holoabka nt. ——> aoe ——> Alkane. @ scanned with OKEN ScannerREX ayo ef Ug x” + BTOH —> Ou 4 ax(on (Gerignand Reagent) : P { Semaitive teoavds| prion) > CH + Hg —> CHsMgCt +H:0 ——> Gia + Mg low) ro? CHO + Ng —> CHstagCe + HO —> CH3Uls + Mp ct(ow) d ) See Sec tMg—> C-C-€ FO —— C-e-c 4 al + Mg lon t vy a Ngee 4 3 ‘ ‘ z CoC-A tg —S9 cm C-Mgct tHtso —> C—e-w = gtu(sH) Y : ¢. c (B) Wards Re” R-X #2Na + x-R > RR + 2Nax CHsh + 2Na + CLCHs BESS Oy ona cg Metiye Chlovide Ethawe + Holeatkun ———-» -Atkane (even) 2 Cavell + 2Na + COC Hse CaHs-Cie 4 2Walt 2 CaWah + 2Nat CL GH, SEAS CsH9-C3H4 + 2Nace -C-C- Dey othr, i] Bt GeCr O. YNA. 2 C-C=0-0-C-C te aNad ' c : é é : ' @ scanned with OKEN ScannerBohs iid g LOCO ayjq Pe, EL 4 onal Cc 1 1 cog {° SL difloomt allyl habits tokun thin muchos of alyars on qormed , | Sh Butane |? Cae Papas. Cane ethane (G) HALOARENES Conemical Rx") *Nuchephitic Substttutton Kx" Yhue sor cans in asyph halide under duastle conditions (Lass > Reasons Jor louy puocthvd Haloebleaicy ays veactiv) Dlwserance erect @ Mybutdisation of Carbon, beasi "g halogen © Snstonttity of Plaryl Ctn, © © Bicanse of pouible rupubaion, © Resemarer office (O-G BBS @ scanned with OKEN Scanner@® Mybridisatton Of, C- ctor in C-X bond. sp SX Sp? NO, N02 > / @ scanned with OKEN Scanner| Go wan 6 on W N02 NO, chy of O,N No, warm ON, Noi Wo NO. NO: *Gecbunphitie dubstution sanction * Haloowmes cunduigs te sual sluetrophiltie siaction of athe bergene oring éuch as halegenation, mitratien , dulphenation , jfledel~ Craft Rr, ° Hu ater besides Ali deactivating is out pon ac ro Tena aunts SCoLs ot ce Peet * The wih cig spt of, Ratogen be aged bp foltbusing sbubniu, oo x ie Que so bind) pelgdildly osu meu, tht dopant, SR Be poueteen. «Halo cakem because sta “Lefpet fos some He pa ay BOR ney Oi aut Ba? ‘yet 9 deat, 18 boa pair do bewgeme ving & Dinars 2 ete eaten tre gs @ scanned with OKEN Scannercee Ae mene +e ae -Teffect , 40 halearonsn hors | philic “SCL [sae get ” Ce ‘area a oF _ SP Seber wget a se fee | HG p-8- POPP @ scanned with OKEN ScannergS . WSO3 CMinow) — CMajox) | Prviedsl Crayt Allkytation » lation > CH3W | Faas han Cy Scas(e) Ma (Hiner) (Major) oe rr Fried Crapt Ayylation 3 Seeny R- Cox, Rakyd «BIL a ° Ons ; * aed. o-dachlovo ee Benne. e- denlow (Minos) (Nojer) wore) dhs ~Gs |_ Nitrates NOs r CONe.HNOZ+H 3804 + " ° NO2 it . CHtno) CeMojor) Ch < és ace) 1 sUt sulbnefatt fae Ws conc. H2S0y + oa ef wo (Mino) ie (Maj 1) 4 CH CC et) 0 @ scanned with OKEN ScannerX KS with metas (a) Wants Reis Rx" AY t © *g2Na + ax eet C + 2Nax ® Fitig Rx® 2 cr + oNa Byer, +2Nax di, . Sr Pobighaleger Compounds. os (@ Dichtevomethare (Metrydune Chloside) [cute] “Used asa solvent oa. peint sumerer,, os a prepelleunt in avsols. “As a sdvent in the monufochin of dugs- “Metal chaning amal finishing solvent. "Hoss the fuman contral mews aystem, * Lower Lue can lead to alightly impabud fuarimg ame vition, "Hight, deb cause diysirus, cavate , Ungling, amd. sae Qube in the Yngus omd tees, * Couses intense i amd mill sudnus of skin. * Obeect contact with eyes com bun the comma. Q Tatchtoromethane (Chloroform) [cHcea] "Used as a solvent for fat ,albalsios siedinr ste. * Used in production of Freore reprigueant, R- 22, * Wor used 8 -anossthetic tn surguy > Depress the antral ruwous system. ‘Som pem can couse dligzinus, fatigue amd headache . “Cause damage 46 the ver omd ote she Richneys « @ scanned with OKEN Scanner"ME oxidiaus by ain tn-tiu presunce of Ught 40 extrenaly polloreus gs, i Caxbonye chiuride., Known as fhagens. a 2cHtts +0, HE. a cocg, 4 2Hee Phosgun + Stored in closed dark catownd betil compte ly jilted. © Taiedomathone (Sodahoun) [cH] * Eatin used ov am alitiseptic, * But suplacd by other formulations dus +o it objectionable cnyff, 2) Feomahovcrmtvans (Csdon, Tetrachiorida) [clu] > wn actus leven peta for anesct iy a and p + Vad 0d fuudstock in the synths Sf Chlereptusocanbors > * Phoxmocuntical momupatturing amd genvxal solvent we. * Used as o cleaning Haid jos a. capuaping pint, as a shot sumever , and: a fie Odtinguishnr. "Cou Sliver concer tn human.” * Conse digeginen, Light Foadednet , nausta and Vomiting . + Couse peafect damage to newe cells. : “Con fuod de er, CBMA ,rintoneie * deregulan fissoib abelis os death * Oeptctes ozone foyer. © Ereens. * Exdnmly Soble, uneoctte , Nen-dorle ,nen-corvresive and costly Ligusflable gas. : * Used os aurick prepiltamts , nt}riguiation amd air conditioning pwrpen | «Upset the mobrral oxen balances. lt. a a0 a @ scanned with OKEN Scanner» WHVHHPRHHS RASHES BSEOSSEESEE © p,p' Dicniovediphunyetatcnlorettrans ( 007) «Used as am tt Lracctictde - + e Effect agaimat mesquite that ee malaria amd Lice Brak cory ppl os oo \ I ag hay ' Qa I 1 a ce | eh oor v1 ° Aes yo Rt $e Soveochumizal cupects of nucleophilic a * *SN2 Rx® puscesda votth complete atywachemicod inversion uzhils Sy Ra" procasd with Rocamisation ibvation * Pla polarised Light : Whe Gace re The duvise thak brings polanisation din Light in cabled a polariuer. * Gepore FP, the Light wos cxdinady Light consiat of xays fe Vout owelength vibsattons in all possible rain. dike ete to. the divedion of pepe *Whin ordinary Hight 1 posed screnugh Sling prism Crnaele Colette (Ca Os) thr vibration os. a aad Jn a Ainge plana only ythan tha Light js called PPL. ; Some substance ‘have the ability to septate the ppl titer to the igh (eckuoit) Odo shu ft Cami - Leckwise) The aubstomers aut teunud a0 optically active substances, amd “the property ib ‘calbid pbtical adlivity. @ scanned with OKEN ScannerIRS OPpancins which measured tre extene meant of Hu potoxi: Ligne is cobled potaxtrmuter. % ian aN ¥F Optical Isomuntsm. a ounds hawsing simile phipsical & chernical propintios but fferdng in the behovtoun towords, polarised Hight ove. Aalled eptical (somosand this phenemynan a0 optical Go dsomurism. *On the banks op atu col aucttvity 5 the Vosieus organi compound. oo Sapo s : uae © The epticad isomn. which notake ann PPL do dtu sight side (Cleckwiat) ja knewn av Dentro~ritabyisomun. @ Tee optical woman which rotate th, PPL to the ft aids (find ~CBeckuvist) du Jenousn © clone patatry om. rapa enh set at ai Sehuak % proton, amd equimotan eigen 7 dorm » pane will be optically inactive, 26 II-B 7 = Nf Ordinowy ae Bebe . OF ganic . Hight cmbuts a 4 optically active A 8 vi v tye ve A& Bane optical Lsomuu “havi de form J-form Soma. physical 4 chemical propos Daaxtro dane: * + (but hare diffound actions Right side deft siole when PPL ds pasdec through Clockwsist = Ant ~ Cachan. bat @ scanned with OKEN Scanner® (onditten for Optically active compound. ee Q@ Opticatly active Toes ns Chiral compound Se) Ld] Coditferent Mixvor ae ie density Smage “ i ~ d= Ce ~ t ~» Carbon % any bond He - sea mw ear - Qhital Canby, fOr compound a ft WD Chiral cenbon a, oy » Chival compound \. m®@ Qycra(eara) Ji) Gyan. PT ee (ea W>C-C-H we 6-8 en hon = Achivat Chiral. wo (Chiro Cempound) (Adhtsat Compound) @ Q Vm sM a oS AN ~ a = Chivol onlay oN wat = - nes ” ms nat = @ scanned with OKEN ScannerSs PAAR PUPP PE PIANAANAAMMAAMAAMAMAAAA ASAE & Te Prepan- 2-o€ —iChixal compound Butan-2-cf. + chivat cempsurd. @non- Guporimpetabl, Mioroy Srrages, | BE a of o I ae NonSupor AYA Supe = Sropeadbte MEM | Srmpatibls. 5 LO HEH fs ZzEs 1 Optisalty Optically Snactive = fropan-2-st. ‘ a Gee Wino = ey o = = ° fl 0 -= ¢ \ tye 2 &, As og ALG > Mire Images ALC Suppo soy gona eer agi Ao Opticaley bodive = Butan-2-60 (CHa cu ca, Us) On Yu y 5 \ Gaon ® ono Sei 2 2 Vou 4 Aas Ch Sncols CHa Cs, q a A By : A & 8 > Niven. Imag @ scanned with OKEN ScannerAAC Non Siypere Senporoben mbrsod Senogen Ae» Oplleaby adive. + The ofitleat some which cy Mon~ kUpuy Smposathe mirion, imag o eath othov a Called enartliornns. 4 sny phenonusnan i Mad ehanttonuniém, The enalttiomen hove jdevdtend phystead amd chymical POpydics but thy avo oli} fouin On sotallon of PPL, Racemic mixture “A mixture containing ture enartiomun, jn equoy prepeuft ill howe 300 optical sotatten ab the otodion dia oh lee wil be camenbted by seotatton clus +o other ssomonr, ‘Such a mixdurtss callid vacumic mints or woumic modifi catien, “A vocumic richie is yepusmnbed by -purfizing dl (4) bifore the none, Example ? (+) Qutan-2-c0. “The process of comvension of ononttomy, into a cacmic mirdurt is RnB os racumisation, Retention “When tre relative, Apotiol ovrtargerurt of bend to an asummebaie omtee in oO cheval motweule (Stersocentre) yumavy the come befor amd after the rx, “The 7x" jy Soid to ocowr wlth retention of wom iguradion * Examplen 2- maduph Butan-4-ot , @ scanned with OKEN Scanner“Thiel @e "Whun the swlotive pedal ea ay Of boneb ok chival eerra- Carbon becom ta ‘ Than the at iv collhed enon pe ee ihe aint 4 @ scanned with OKEN Scanner