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ELEVATION IN BP

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22 views13 pages

ELEVATION IN BP

H

Uploaded by

GANIT WALA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHEMISTRY

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

TOPIC : ELEVATION IN BOILING POINT

Guided By :

Submitted By :
Contents
Certificate
Acknowledgement
Introduction
Types of colligative properties
Elevation in boiling point
Experiment
Aim
Materials required
Observation
Result
Discussion and sources of error
Bibliography
Certificate

This is to certify that of


class 12
has successfully
completed the project on the topic “Elevation in
boiling point” under guidance of
in session 202
Internal examiner External examiner

Internal examiner External examiner

PRINCIPAL
Acknowledgement

I would like to thank the CBSE, for providing me the


opportunity to carry out the investigatory project. I also
take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to my
chemistry teacher for guiding
me and improving a sound base of knowledge pertaining to
this project which ensures the successful completion of this
project

I wish to express my great thank to my principal


who helped me to accomplish
his project by providing me all necessary facilities and
support.
INTRODUCTION

All the properties depend on the number of solute particles


irrespective of their nature relative to the number of
particles present in the solution. Such properties are called
Colligative properties.

It means that two solutions having different components


but same mole fraction of solute can have identical
colligative properties.

Types of colligative
properties

1. Relative lowering in vapour pressure


2. Elevation in boiling point
3. Depression in freezing point
4. Osmotic pressure
Elevation in boiling
point

The temperature at which the vapour pressure of the liquid


becomes equal to the external pressure is called the Boiling
point.

The vapour pressure of the solution decreases upon addition


of non volatile solute, according to Raoult’s law. Hence
boiling point of the solution increases. The increase in
boiling point of a liquid when a non volatile solute is added
in it is called Boiling point elevation.

The vapour pressure of a liquid increases with of


temperature. The boiling point of a solution is always higher
than that of the pure solvent in which the solution is
prepared. Similar, to the lowering of vapour pressure,
elevation of boiling point also depend on the number of the
solute molecules rather than their nature.
Tb, the boiling elevation, is defined as Tb (solution) -
Tb (solution).
It depends upon the number of moles of the added non-
volatile solute.
For dilute solutions the elevation of boiling point ( Tb) is
directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solute
in the solution.

Tb m
or Tb = Kb x m

‘m’ = molality of the solute (no. of moles of solute dissolved


in 1 kg of solvent).
Kb = Ebullioscopic Constant or molal elevation constant,
which depends on the solvent.

Unit of Kb is K kg mol-1
If w2 gram of solute of molar mass M2 is dissolved in w1
gram of solvent, then molality, m of the solution is given by
the expression:

m = (w2/M2) (w1/1000) = (1000 xw2) (M2 xw1)

Tb = (Kb x1000 xw2) (M2 xw1)

M2 = (1000 xw2 xKb) ( Tb xw1)


Experiment

AIM:
To study the effect of various solutes on the elevation of
boiling point.

MATERIALS REQUIRED:

1. Bunsen Burner
2. Tripod Stand
3. Wire Mesh
4. 250ml Flask
5. Glass Stirrer
6. Beckmann’s Thermometer
7. Solutes Under Investigation
8. Tap Water

PROCEDURE:

1. Set up the apparatus using a 250ml beaker


containing 200ml of the experimental solution.
2.Put the beaker on the tripod stand with a wire mesh and
use the Bunsen burner to heat the solution.

3. A celestial thermometer calibrated up to 110 degree


Celsius is immersed in the solution in the beaker with the
help of a clamp stand.

4. The initial temperature taken before starting the


experiment was considered as the room temperature.

5. At first find the boiling point of the tap water. This


temperature is taken as the standard boiling point of the
solution.
6. Now, prepare three different concentrations of Glucose
and boil 250ml of each one by one in the beaker.

7. Take the readings of the temperature after every 20


seconds.

8. After 90 seconds, take the readings after every 10 seconds


in order to easily find out the concurrent result.
OBSERVATION TABLE:

The boiling point of tap water as solvent is found to be


99.3oC

Least count of thermometer: 0.1oC

Table for elevation in boiling point:

Mass of Molal Measured Elevation in


solute concentration temperature b.p. from
(grams) (mole/kg) of b.p. (oC) experiment(oC)

Glucose

0.125 99.4 0.1


0.250 100.6 1.3
0.500 101.1 1.8

RESULT:

On increasing the concentration, the boiling point of glucose


increases.
DISCUSSION AND SOURCES OF ERROR:

Due to non-availability of distilled water, tap water was


also used. Moreover, due to prolonged heating, some of the
solution evaporates bringing about a change in the actual
concentrations. So it can be suggested that increases in
boiling point is dependent only on the number of moles
solute.

The difference between theoretical predictions and


experimentally found values can be attributed to
experimental errors as experiment was not conducted in
controlled laboratory conditions.

It is proved that when a non-volatile solute is added to a


volatile solvent, the boiling point of the solvent increases.
Also, this increase in boiling point is not dependent on the
nature of the solute but depends only on the number of
moles of the solute. Thus, this elevation in boiling point is a
colligative property.
Bibliography

Chemistry textbook for class XII, Part-1, NCERT


Chemistry Laboratory Manual for class XII, NCERT
www.wikipedia.org

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