JAWAHAR NAVODAYA

VIDYALAYA JAGATSINGHPUR

PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT

NAME :- ADITYA MOHANTY

CLASS :- XII .Sc “A”
ROLL NO :-
TOPIC:- ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION
GUIDED BY:- MR. V. Anantkrishna
 CE RT I F ICAT E
This is to certify that

ADITYA MOHANTY
has successfully completed his Physics project titled
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

under the supervision and guidance of

Mr. V. Anantkrishna (PGT PHYSICS)

in the partial fulfillment of the Physics practical

assessment conducted during the academic year
2024-2025.

EXAMINER TEACHER

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my immense gratitude tomy
physics teacher Mr. V. Anantkrishna(PGT PHYSICS) for the
help and guidance he provided for completing this project.
I also thank my parents who gave their ideas and inputs in
making this project. Most of all I thank our school
management, for providing us the facilities and
opportunity to do this project.
.

Lastly, I would like to thanks my classmates who have

done this project along with me. Their support made
this project fruitful.

ADITYA MOHANTY
INDEX
CONTENT PAGE NO.

Certificate 2
Acknowledgement 3

Aim 5

Introduction 5
Principle 6
 Theory 6

Working and 7
Construction

Application of emf 8-9

Observation & 10
Conclusion
Precaution 11

Bibliography 12

AIM

To study the phenomenon of Electromagnetic Induction.

INTRODUCTION

Electro Magnet:
An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by electric
current. The magnetic field disappears when the current is turned off.

INDUCTION:
This process of generating current in a conductor by placing the conductor in a
changing magnetic field is called induction.
 Electromagnetic induction:
Electromagnetic induction is the production of a potential difference (voltage) across a
conductor when it is exposed to a varying magnetic field.
Electromagnetic induction IS when an electromagnetic field causes molecules in another
object to flow. Induction can produce electricity (in coils), heat (in ferrous metals), or waves
(in a radio transmitter).
Finally, it is referring to the phenomenon where an emf is induced when the magnetic
flux linking a conductor change.
Magnetic Flux is defined as the product of the magnetic flux density and the area normal to
the field through which the field is passing. It is a scalar quantity and its S.I. unit is the weber
(Wb). (p=BA)
PRINCIPLE:
Electromagnetic induction (or sometimes just induction) is a process where
a conductor placed in a changing magnetic field (or a conductor moving
through a stationary magnetic field) causes the production of a voltage
across the conductor. This process of electromagnetic induction, in turn,
causes an electrical current - it is said to induce the current

INVENSION:

THEORY

Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery of induction in 1831 though it may
have been anticipated by the work of Francesco Zantedeschi in 1829. Around 1830 to 1832,
Joseph Henry made a similar discovery, but did not publish his findings until later

Induced e.m.f:
If magnetic flux through a coil is altered then an e.m.f will be generated in the coil. This
effect was first observed and explained by Ampere and Faraday between 1825 and 1831.
Faraday discovered that an e.m.f. could be generated either by,
(a) moving the coil or the source of flux relative to each other.
(b) By changing the magnitude of the source of magnetic flux.

Note that the emf is produced while flux is changing

Working and Construction:
Current is produced in a conductor when it is moved through a magnetic field because the
magnetic lines of force are applying a force on the free electrons in the conductor and
causing them to move. This process of generating current in a conductor by placing the
conductor in a changing magnetic field is called induction. This is called induction because
there is no physical connection between the conductor and the magnet. The current is said to
be induced in the conductor by the magnetic field. One requirement for this electromagnetic
induction to take place is that the conductor, which is often a piece of wire, must be
perpendicular to the magnetic lines of force in order to produce the maximum force on the
free electrons. The direction that the induced current flows is determined by the direction of
the lines of force and by the direction the wire is moving in the field. In the animation above
the ammeter (the instrument used to measure current) indicates when there is current in the
conductor.

Lenz's Law:
When an emf is generated by a change in magnetic flux according to Faraday's Law, the
polarity of the induced emf is such that it produces a current whose magnetic field opposes
the change which produces it. The induced magnetic field inside any loop of wire always
acts to keep the magnetic flux in the loop constant. In the examples below, if the B field is
increasing, the induced field acts in opposition to it. If it is decreasing, the induced field acts
in the direction of the applied field to try to keep it constant.
Application of Electromagnetic Induction
⮚ Electrical generator

The EMF generated by Faraday's law of induction due to relative movement of a circuit and a
magnetic field is the phenomenon underlying electrical generators. When a permanent
magnet is moved relative to a conductor, or vice versa, an electromotive force is created. If
the wire is connected through an electrical load, current will flow and thus electrical energy
is generated, converting the mechanical energy of motion to electrical energy.

ELECTRICAL GENERATOR

⮚ Electrical Transformer

The EMF predicted by Faraday's law is also responsible for electrical transformers. When
the electric current in a loop of wire changes, the changing current creates a changing
magnetic field. A second wire in reach of this magnetic field will experience this change in
magnetic field as a change in its coupled magnetic flux, d(ÞB/dt. Therefore, an electromotive
force is set up in the second loop called the induced EMF or transformer EMF. If the two
ends of this loop are connected through an electrical load, current will flow.
 ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMER

APPLICATION OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION IN
REAL LIFE

The principles of electromagnetic induction are applied in many

devices and systems, including:

❖ Electrical Generator

❖ Induction sealing

❖ Induction motors

❖ Inductive charging

❖ Transformers

❖ Wireless Energy Transfer

❖ Wireless charging
OBSERVATION

Magnet is moved at certain rate and certain voltage is produced.

Magnet is moved at faster rate and creating a greater induced
 voltage.
Magnet is moved at same speed through coil that has greater
number of turn and greater voltage is induced.

CONCLUSION
Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction, first observed and published by
Michael Faraday in the mid-nineteenth century, describes a very important
electro-magnetic concept. Although its mathematical representations are
cryptic, the essence of Faraday's is not hard to grasp: it relates an induced
electric potential or voltage to a dynamic magnetic field. This concept has
many far-reaching ramifications that touch our lives in many ways: from the
shining of the sun, to the convenience of mobile communications, to
electricity to power our homes.
PRECAUTIONS

• Do all the connection carefully

• Do not scratch insulated copper wire while making loop
• Do not use digital voltmeter for above demonstration •
Do not use very thick or thin copper wire

• Use only insulated copper wire

• Before doing any experiment please consult to your subject teacher

 or lab assistance
BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Wikipedia.com
• NCERT Physics book class XII
• Google search engine

‡THANK YOU‡