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CHAPTER 5revised

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CHAPTER 5revised

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sudeaates
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, 5th Edition

Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles


McGraw-Hill, 2008

Examples

Chapter 5
MASS AND ENERGY ANALYSIS OF
CONTROL VOLUMES

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
EXAMPLE 1
A hair dryer is basically a duct of constant diameter
in which a few layers of electric resistors are placed.
A small fan pulls the air in and forces it through the
resistors where it is heated. If the density of air is
1.20 kg/m3 at the inlet and 1.05kg/m3 at the exit,
determine the percent increase in the velocity of air
as it flows through the dryer.

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EXAMPLE 2
Air flows steadily in a pipe at 300 kPa, 77°C, and 25 m/s at a rate of 18
kg/min. Determine (a) the diameter of the pipe, (b) the flow rate of flow
energy, and (c) the rate of energy transport by mass. Also, determine (d) the
error involved in part (c) if the kinetic energy is neglected.

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EXAMPLE 3
Steam flows steadily through an adiabatic turbine. The inlet conditions
of the steam are 10 MPa, 450°C, and 80 m/s, and the exit conditions are
10 kPa, 92 percent quality, and 50 m/s. The mass flow rate of the steam
is 12 kg/s. Determine
(a) the change in kinetic energy, (b) the power output, and
(c) the turbine inlet area.

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EXAMPLE 4 Homework
Argon gas enters an adiabatic turbine steadily at 900kPa and 450°C with a
velocity of 80 m/s and leaves at 150kPa with a velocity of 150 m/s. The inlet
area of the turbine is 60 cm2. If the power output of the turbine is 250 kW,
determine the exit temperature of the argon.

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EXAMPLE 5
A hot-water stream at 80°C enters a mixing chamber with a mass flow rate of
0.5kg/s where it is mixed with a stream of cold water at 20°C. If it is desired
that the mixture leave the chamber at 42°C, determine the mass flow rate of
the cold-water stream. Assume all the streams are at a pressure of 250 kPa.

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EXAMPLE 6
Refrigerant-134a at 1 MPa and 90°C is to be cooled to 1 MPa and 30°C in a
condenser by air. The air enters at 100 kPa and 27°C with a volume flow rate of
600m3/min and leaves at 95 kPa and 60°C. Determine the mass flow rate of the
refrigerant.

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EXAMPLE 7
Steam enters an insulated pipe at 200 kPa and 200°C and leaves at 150 kPa
and 150°C. The inlet-to-outlet diameter ratio for the pipe is D1/D21.80.
Determine the inlet and exit velocities of the steam.

Assumptions 1 This is a steady-flow process since


there is no change with time. 2 Potential energy
change is negligible. 3 There are no work interactions.
4 The device is adiabatic and thus heat transfer is
negligible.

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EXAMPLE 8
Saturated steam at 1 atm condenses on a vertical plate
that is maintained at 90°C by circulating cooling water
through the other side. If the rate of heat transfer by
condensation to the plate is 180 kJ/s, determine the
rate at which the condensate drips off the plate at the
bottom.
Assumptions 1 Steady operating conditions exist. 2 The steam condenses and the
condensate drips off at 100°C. (In reality, the condensate temperature will be
between 90 and 100, and the cooling of the condensate a few °C should be considered
if better accuracy is desired.)

Analysis The rate of heat transfer during this condensation


process is given to be 180 kJ/s. Noting that the heat of
vaporization of water represents the amount of heat released as a
unit mass of vapor at a specified temperature condenses, the rate
of condensation of steam is determined from

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EXAMPLE 9
An adiabatic air compressor is to be powered by a direct-coupled adiabatic
steam turbine that is also driving a generator. Steam enters the turbine at
12.5 MPa and 500°C at a rate of 25 kg/s and exits at 10 kPa and a quality of
0.92. Air enters the compressor at 98 kPa and 295 K at a rate of 10kg/s and
exits at 1 MPa and 620 K. Determine the net power delivered to the
generator by the turbine.
Assumptions 1 This is a steady-flow process since there is
no change with time. 2 Kinetic and potential energy
changes are negligible. 3 The devices are adiabatic and
thus heat transfer is negligible. 4 Air is an ideal gas with
variable specific heats.

Properties From the steam tables (Tables A-4 through 6)

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For the turbine and the compressor it becomes

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