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2.5.4 Test Chemistry

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72 views8 pages

2.5.4 Test Chemistry

Uploaded by

warrenboyce14
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© © All Rights Reserved
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2.5.

4 Test (TST): Teacher-Scored Unit Test Test


Chemistry Honors Sem 1 Name:Warren Boyce
Date:10/16/24

In this test, you will apply what you have learned in the unit.
Please answer the questions below. Submit this to your teacher
when you are done.

Use the periodic table link as needed on this test.

Question 1: Matter and Energy (20 points)

A man sits on the grass eating a doughnut and sipping iced tea. The
sun is a glowing ball in the sky, making the air warm. He gets up and
makes sure his chainsaw is filled with gasoline. The fumes make him
cough. He starts the motor, lifts his chainsaw, and saws a branch off a
tree. The branch falls to the ground, knocking over his iced tea. By this
time the ice has completely melted. The tea pours over some ants that
were munching on doughnut crumbs. With renewed strength from the
snack, the ants grab their crumbs, lift them onto their backs, and
scurry away.

a. List the four states, or phases, of matter and give one example of
each from the story above. (8 points)

i. ___solid – the ice in the tea before it melts____________________

ii. __liquid – the tea itself_____________________

iii. ___gas – the fumes of the gasoline____________________

iv. ___plasma – the sun ____________________

b. List two phase changes illustrated in the story and state what
phase changes the matter is experiencing. (2 points)
The first phase change could be the ice cube, as the heat cause it to
melt becoming a liquid, the second phase change in the story was the
gasoline, it was in liquid form, until heat caused it to become a gas.

c. List four kinds of energy and give one example of each from the
story above. (8 points)

i. _kenetic energy – branch falling faster once being cut


down______________________

ii. ______gravitational energy – branch cut down from the


tree_________________

iii. __light energy – light from the sun_____________________

iv. ___thermal energy – heat form the sun____________________

d. List two examples of energy conversions from the story, and


state what kind of energy conversions they are. (2 points)

The first one is the branch from the tree having gravitational potential
energy due it its position, turning into kinetic energy after its cut. The
second conversion, is the light energy from the sun turning into
thermal energy which melts the ice cube.

Question 2: Dalton's Atomic Theory (6 points)

a. Briefly describe the four main points in Dalton's theory of the atom,
published in 1803. (4 points)

1. All matter is made from atoms, and atoms are invisible and
indestructible.
2. Atoms of the same element have the same size, mass, and
properties, and atoms of different elements have different sizes,
masses, and properties.

3. Atoms can’t be subdivided, destroyed, or created. Chemical reaction


is rearrangement of atoms.

4. Compounds are formed by combing two or more different atoms.


Atoms from different types of elements can combine in a whole
number ratio that will form chemical compounds.

b. Which two points have been proven wrong? (2 points)

Atoms indivisibility has been proven wrong, as well as that atoms that
are in the same element are not identical.

Question 3: Changes to the Picture of the Atom (8 points)

a. How did J.J. Thomson's experiment change Dalton's picture of the


atom? (2 points)

J.J Thomsons experiment changed Daltons picture of the atom by


proving that there ae electrons, which also showed that there are
subatomic particles.
b. How did Ernest Rutherford change J.J. Thomson's picture of the
atom? (2 points)

The gold foil experiment showed that the atom has a small, high mass
nucleus.

c. How did Albert Einstein change Niels Bohr's picture of the atom?
(2 points)

Albert Eistein showed that an electron can jump from one orbit to
another.
d. What did Henry Moseley contribute to understanding the atom?
(2 points)

He added that each element has a different amounts of protons.

Question 4: The Periodic Table (8 points)

An atom has a mass number of 35 and an atomic number of 17.


Answer the following questions about this element. (8 points)

a. What is the element's symbol? (1 point)

Cl

b. How many protons does it have? (1 point)

17

c. How many neutrons does it have? (1 point)

18

d. How many electrons does it have? (1 point)


17

e. If it has a charge of 1–, how many electrons does it have? (1


point)

18

f. It has an isotope with atomic mass 37. How would it be identified


in isotope notation? (1 point)

37 Cl

Chlorine 36

g. How many neutrons does this isotope have? (1 point)

20

h. What group name, or family, is it in? (1 point)c

Chlorine is in the group 7A and its considered a halogen.

Question 5: Family Properties (8 points)


a. Compare the reactivity of the alkali metals family with the reactivity
of the halogen family. (2 points)

Alkali metals get more reactive as your move down the group, however
halogens become less reactive as you move down the group.

b. Compare the hardness of the alkali metals family with the hardness
of the alkaline earth metals family. (2 points)

Alkali metals are softer than the alkaline earth metals.

c. Compare the lanthanide family with the actinide family in terms


of radioactivity. (2 points)

The lanthanide family is mostly non-radioactive, while the actinide


family is mostly radioactive.

d. According to comic book legend, Superman was from the planet


Krypton. Kryptonite was a substance that was very dangerous to
Superman. To a chemist, an ending of –ite shows that something
has formed an ion with oxygen. Why is it unlikely that Superman's
Krypton and kryptonite are related to the real element krypton,
atomic number 36? (2 points)

Krypton is a noble gas so it normally doesn’t form compounds, its


unlikely that kryptonite is related to the real element krypton.
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2.5.4 Test (TST): Teacher-Scored Unit Test

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