BS EN 1992-1-1:2004

EN 1992-1-1:2004 (E)

• • • •• As2

h
--------9

C$, Cp ce
cc2 £Cu2
(cc3) (ccuJ
- reinforcing steel tension strain limit

[]] - concrete compression strain limit

@] - concrete pure compression strain limit

Figure 6.1: Possible strain distributions in the ultimate limit state

6.2 Shear

6.2.1 General verification procedure

(1)P For the verification of the shear resistance the following symbols are defined:

VRd,c is the design shear resistance of the member without shear reinforcement.
VRd,s is the design value of the shear force which can be sustained by the yielding shear
reinforcement.
VRd,max is the design value of the maximum shear force which can be sustained by the
member, limited by crushing of the compression struts.

In members with inclined chords the following additional values are defined (see Figure 6.2):

Vccd is the design value of the shear component of the force in the compression area, in
the case of an inclined compression chord.
Vtd is the design value of the shear component of the force in the tensile reinforcenlent,
in the case of an inclined tensile chord.

Figure 6.2: Shear component for members with inclined chords

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 BS EN 1992-1-1:2004
EN 1992-1-1:2004 (E)

(2) The shear resistance of a member with shear reinforcement is equal to:

(6.1 )

(3) In regions of the member where VEd SVRd,c no calculated shear reinforcement is necessary.
VEd is the design shear force in the section considered resulting from external loading and
prestressing (bonded or unbonded).

(4) When, on the basis of the design shear calculation, no shear reinforcement is required,
minimum shear reinforcement should nevertheless be provided according to 9.2.2. The
minimum shear reinforcement may be omitted in members such as slabs (solid, ribbed or
hollow core slabs) where transverse redistribution of loads is possible. Minimum reinforcement
may also be omitted in members of minor importance (e.g. lintels with span 2 m) which do not
contribute significantly to the overall resistance and stability of the structure.

(5) In regions where VEd > VRd,c according to Expression (6.2), sufficient shear reinforcement
~ should be provided in order that VEd ~ VRd (see Expression (6.1 )).@j]

(6) The sum of the design shear force and the contributions of the flanges, VEd Vccd - Vtd ,
should not exceed the permitted maximum value VRd,max (see 6.2.3), anywhere in the member.

(7) The longitudinal tension reinforcement should be able to resist the additional tensile force
caused by shear (see 6.2.3 (7)).

(8) For members subject to predominantly uniformly distributed loading the design shear force
need not to be checked at a distance less than d from the face of the support. Any shear
reinforcement required should continue to the support. In addition it should be verified that the
shear at the support does not exceed VRd,max (see also 6.2.2 (6) and 6.2.3 (8).

(9) Where a load is applied near the bottom of a section, sufficient vertical reinforcement to
carry the load to the top of the section should be provided in addition to any reinforcement
required to resist shear.

6.2.2 Members not requiring design shear reinforcement

(1) The design value for the shear resistance VRd,c is given by:
VRd,c = [CRd,ck(100 PI fck) 1/3 + k1 O"cp] bwd (6.2.a)
with a minimum of

VRd,C = (Vmin + k10"cp) bwd (6.2.b)

where:
fck is in MPa

k = 1+ ~2~0 ~ 2,0 with d in mm

PI = ~~002
bw d '
Asl is the area of the tensile reinforcement, which extends 2 (Ibd + d) beyond the
section considered (see Figure 6.3).
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BS EN 1992-1-1:2004
EN 1992-1-1:2004 (E)

bw is the smallest width of the cross-section in the tensile area [mm]

O"cp = NEd/Ac < 0,2 fed [MPa]
NEd is the axial force in the cross-section due to loading or prestressing [in N] (NEd>O
IEJ)for compression). The influence of imposed deformations on NEd may be ignored.@1)
Ac is the area of concrete cross section [mm 2]
VRd,c is [N]
Note: The values of CRd,c, Vmin and k1 for use in a Country may be found in its National Annex. The
recommended value for CRd,c is 0,18Iyc, that for Vmin is given by Expression (6.3N) and that for k1 is 0,15.

Vmin =0,035 k3/2 . fck 1/2 (6.3N)

[E] section considered

Figure 6.3: Definition of Asl in Expression (6.2)

(2) In prestressed single span members without shear reinforcement, the shear resistance of
the regions cracked in bending may be calculated using Expression (6.2a). In regions
uncracked in bending (where the flexural tensile stress is smaller than fctk ,o,05/YC) the shear
resistance should be limited by the tensile strength of the concrete. In these regions the shear
resistance is given by:

VRd,c =
I .b
-s- w ~ (
fctd
)2 + a'O"Cpfctd (6.4)

where
I is the second moment of area
is the width of the cross-section at the centroidal axis, allowing for the presence of
ducts in accordance with Expressions (6.16) and (6.17)
s is the first moment of area above and about the centroidal axis
a, Ixllpt2 ~ 1,0 for pretensioned tendons
= 1,0 for other types of prestressing
Ix is the distance of section considered from the starting pOint of the transmission
length
Ipt2 is the upper bound value of the transmission length of the prestressing element
according to Expression (8.18).
O-cp is the concrete compressive stress at the centroidal axis due to axial loading
and/or prestressing (O"cP = NEd /Ac in MPa, NEd> 0 in compression)

For cross-sections where the width varies over the height, the maximum principal stress may
occur on an axis other than the centroidal axis. In such a case the minimum value of the shear
resistance should be found by calculating VRd,c at various axes in the cross-section.

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 BS EN 1992-1-1:2004
EN 1992-1-1:2004 (E)

(3) The calculation of the shear resistance according to Expression (6.4) is not required for
cross-sections that are nearer to the support than the point which is the intersection of the
elastic centroidal axis and a line inclined from the inner edge of the support at an angle of 45°.

(4) For the general case of members subjected to a bending moment and an axial force, which
can be shown to be uncracked in flexure at the ULS, reference is made to 12.6.3.

(S) For the design of the longitudinal reinforcement, in the region cracked in flexure, the MEd -
line should be shifted over a distance 81 = d in the unfavourable direction (see 9.2.1.3 (2)).

(6) For members with loads applied on the upper side within a distance 0,5d::; 8 v ::; 2d from
the edge of a support (or centre of bearing where flexible bearings are used), the contribution
=
of this load to the shear force VEd may be multiplied by p 8 v/2.d. This reduction may be
applied for checking VRd,c in Expression (6.2.a). This is only valid provided that the
longitudinal reinforcement is fully anchored at the support. For 8 v O,Sd the value 8 v = 0,5d
should be used.

The shear force VEd, calculated without reduction by p, should however always satisfy the
condition

(6.5)

where v is a strength reduction factor for concrete cracked in shear

Note: The value vfor use in a Country may be found in its National Annex. The recommended value follows
from:

v = 0,6[1- (fCk in MPa) (6.6N)

2S0

8v

(a) Beam with direct support (b) Corbel

Figure 6.4: Loads near supports

(7) Beams with loads near to supports and corbels may alternatively be designed with strut and
tie models. For this alternative, reference is made to 6.S.

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Fig. 10.9 Flow Diagram for Design Shear Reinforcement in RCC Beam

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