Chapter 4

1. These cells are close partners of neurons and support neuronal function in many ways.
A. glial cells
B. adipose cells
C. phagocytes
D. blood cells

2. The basic function of dendrite is ….

A. support of synaptic contacts.
B. production of neurotransmitter.
C. excitation transfer to cell body.
D. excitation transfer from cell body.
E. generation of action potential.

3. The basic function of axon is ….

A. support of synaptic contacts.
B. production of neurotransmitter.
C. excitation transfer to cell body.
D. excitation transfer from cell body.
E. generation of action potential.

4. The basic function of terminal bouton is ….

A. support of synaptic contacts.
B. production of neurotransmitter.
C. excitation transfer to cell body.
D. excitation transfer from cell body.
E. generation of action potential.

5. The basic function of cell body is ….

A. support of synaptic contacts.
B. production of neurotransmitter.
C. excitation transfer to cell body.
D. excitation transfer from cell body.
E. generation of action potential.

6. The basic function of axon hillock is ….

A. support of synaptic contacts.
B. production of neurotransmitter.
C. excitation transfer to cell body.
D. excitation transfer from cell body.
E. generation of action potential.

7. The cell body has many vesicles containing neurotransmitter.

A. true
B. false

8. The axon hillock has many vesicles containing neurotransmitter.

A. true
B. false

9. The dendrites have many vesicles containing neurotransmitter.

A. true
B. false

10. The synthesis of the neurotransmitter occurs in the …

A. axon
B. axon hillock
C. cell body
D. dendrites
E. terminal bouton

11. Perception, integration, storage and reproduction of information occurs in the …

A. axon
B. axon hillock
C. cell body
D. dendrites
E. terminal bouton

12. Action potential generation occurs in the …

A. axon
B. axon hillock
C. cell body
D. dendrites
E. terminal bouton

13. What neuron is illustrated in this figure?

A. Unipolar neuron.
B. Stellate (star-shaped) neuron.
C. Pyramidal neuron.
D. Multipolar neuron.
E. Bipolar neuron.

14. What neuron is illustrated in this figure?

A. Unipolar neuron.
B. Stellate (star-shaped) neuron.
C. Pyramidal neuron.
D. Multipolar neuron.
E. Bipolar neuron.

15. What neuron is illustrated in this figure?

A. Unipolar neuron.
B. Stellate (star-shaped) neuron.
C. Pyramidal neuron.
D. Multipolar neuron.
E. Bipolar neuron.

16. What neuron is illustrated in this figure?

A. Unipolar neuron.
B. Stellate (star-shaped) neuron.
C. Pyramidal neuron.
D. Multipolar neuron.
E. Bipolar neuron.

17. The primary sensory neuron in spinal ganglia is …

A. Unipolar neuron.
B. Stellate (star-shaped) neuron.
C. Pyramidal neuron.
D. Multipolar neuron.
E. Bipolar neuron.

18. The spinal motor neuron is …

A. Unipolar neuron.
B. Stellate (star-shaped) neuron.
C. Pyramidal neuron.
D. Multipolar neuron.
E. Bipolar neuron.

19. The neuron of retina is …

A. Unipolar neuron.
B. Stellate (star-shaped) neuron.
C. Pyramidal neuron.
D. Multipolar neuron.
E. Bipolar neuron.

20. These neurons are the primary neural cell type in the corticospinal tract …
A. Unipolar neuron.
B. Stellate (star-shaped) neuron.
C. Pyramidal neuron.
D. Multipolar neuron.
E. Bipolar neuron.

21. This neurons are any cells that have a star-like shape formed by dendritic processes radiating from the cell body.
A. Unipolar neuron.
B. Stellate neuron.
C. Pyramidal neuron.
D. Multipolar neuron.
E. Bipolar neuron.

22. These neurons end on muscles and initiate muscle contraction.

A. Primary sensory neurons.
B. Motor neurons.
C. Interneurons.

23. These neurons have neurites at the body surface, which convey afferent information to the CNS.
A. Primary sensory neurons.
B. Motor neurons end on muscles and initiate muscle contraction.
C. Interneurons only form connections with other neurons.

24. These neurons only form connections with other neurons.

A. Primary sensory neurons.
B. Motor neurons.
C. Interneurons.

25. Neural stem cells that generate the neurons and glia of all animals during embryonic development and continue to
produce neurons throughout life are …
A. Unipolar neurons.
B. Stellate neurons.
C. Pyramidal neurons.
D. Multipolar neurons.
E. Bipolar neurons.

26. These neurons are at the basis of adult neurogenesis.

A. Unipolar neurons.
B. Stellate neurons.
C. Pyramidal neurons.
D. Multipolar neurons.
E. Bipolar neurons.

27. Cholinergic neuron means …

This neuron releases energy.
A. This neuron releases the cholin acid.
B. The neurotransmitter of this neuron is acetylcholine.
C. The receptors of this neuron connect with acetylcholine.
D. This neuron uses the energy of acetylcholine.

28. Adrenergic neuron means …

A. This neuron releases energy.
B. This neuron controls the adrenal gland.
C. The neurotransmitter of this neuron is adrenalin.
D. The receptors of this neuron connect with adrenalin.
E. This neuron uses the energy of adrenalin.

29. Glycinergic neuron means …

A. This neuron releases energy.
B. The neurotransmitter of this neuron is glycine.
C. The receptors of this neuron connect with glycine.
D. This neuron uses the energy of glycine.

30. One neuron is able to use

A. only one neurotransmitter
B. many neurotransmitters
C. all neurotransmitters
31. The function of acetylcholine is ….
A. movement control
B. arousal, alertness, reaction of tension and anxiety
C. sleep-wake cycles (wakefulness)
D. control of pain
E. hormone of happiness (euphoria, pleasure)

32. The function of acetylcholine is ….

A. cognition, memory
B. arousal, alertness, reaction of tension and anxiety
C. sleep-wake cycles (wakefulness)
D. control of pain
E. hormone of happiness (euphoria, pleasure)

33. The function of glutamate & aspartate is ….

A. General excitation
B. General inhibition (mainly in the brain)
C. Hormone of Happiness (“support system”)
D. Sleep-wake cycles (wakefulness)
E. Hormone of Happiness (euphoria, pleasure)
F. Transmission of pain signals

34. The function of GABA is ….

A. General excitation
B. General inhibition (mainly in the brain)
C. General inhibition (mainly in the spinal cord)
D. Transmission of pain signals
E. Hormone of Happiness (“support system”)

35. The function of glycine is ….

A. General excitation
B. General inhibition (mainly in the brain)
C. General inhibition (mainly in the spinal cord)
D. Hormone of Happiness (“support system”)
E. Transmission of pain signals

36. The function of dopamine is ….

A. General excitation
B. Hormone of Happiness (“support system”)
C. Hormone of Happiness (general arousal, antidepressant)
D. Hormone of Happiness (euphoria, pleasure)
E. Transmission of pain signals

37. The function of epinephrine is ….

A. Hormone of Happiness (“support system”)
B. Arousal, alertness, reaction of tension and anxiety
C. Hormone of Happiness (general arousal, antidepressant)
D. Hormone of Happiness (euphoria, pleasure)
E. Transmission of pain signals

38. The function of serotonin is ….

A. Hormone of Happiness (“support system”)
B. Arousal, alertness, reaction of tension and anxiety
C. Hormone of Happiness (general arousal, antidepressant)
D. Hormone of Happiness (euphoria, pleasure)
E. Transmission of pain signals

39. The function of β-endorphin is ….

A. General excitation
B. Hormone of Happiness (“support system”)
C. Hormone of Happiness (general arousal, antidepressant)
D. Hormone of Happiness (euphoria, pleasure)
E. Transmission of pain signals

40. The function of Substance P is ….

A. Hormone of Happiness (“support system”)
B. Hormone of Happiness (euphoria, pleasure)
C. Hormone of Happiness (general arousal, antidepressant)
D. Movement control , cognition, memory
E. Transmission of pain signals

41. These neurotransmitters are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimers’s disease

A. Acetylcholine
B. Glutamate & aspartate
C. GABA
D. Glycine
E. Dopamine

42. These neurotransmitters are involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease

A. Acetylcholine
B. Glutamate & aspartate
C. GABA
D. Glycine
E. Dopamine

43. Movement control is the function of …

A. Acetylcholine
B. Glutamate & aspartate
C. GABA
D. Glycine
E. (Nor)epinephrine

44. Movement control is the function of …

F. Dopamine
A. (Nor)epinephrine
B. Serotonin
C. β-Endorphin
D. Substance P

45. Movement control is the function of …

A. Glutamate & aspartate
B. GABA
C. Glycine
D. Dopamine
E. (Nor)epinephrine

46. Cognition, memory is the function of …

A. Acetylcholine
B. Glutamate & aspartate
C. GABA
D. Glycine
E. Dopamine

47. Cognition, memory is the function of …

A. Acetylcholine
B. (Nor)epinephrine
C. Serotonin
D. β-Endorphin
E. Substance P

48. General excitation is the function of …

A. Acetylcholine
B. Glutamate & aspartate
C. GABA
D. Glycine
E. Dopamine
F. Acetylcholine
G. (Nor)epinephrine
H. Serotonin
I. β-Endorphin
J. Substance P

49. General inhibition (mainly in the spinal cord) is the function of …

A. Glycine
B. (Nor)epinephrine
C. Serotonin
D. β-Endorphin
E. Substance P

50. General inhibition (mainly in the spinal cord) is the function of …

A. Acetylcholine
B. Glutamate & aspartate
C. GABA
D. Glycine

51. Hormone of Happiness (“support system”) is the function of …

A. Dopamine
B. (Nor)epinephrine
C. Serotonin
D. β-Endorphin
E. Substance P

52. Hormone of Happiness (“support system”) is the function of …

A. Acetylcholine
B. Glutamate & aspartate
C. GABA
D. Glycine
E. Dopamine

53. Arousal, alertness, reaction of tension and anxiety are the functions of …
A. Dopamine
B. (Nor)epinephrine
C. Serotonin
D. β-Endorphin
E. Substance P

54. Arousal, alertness, reaction of tension and anxiety are the functions of …
A. Acetylcholine
B. Glutamate & aspartate
C. GABA
D. Glycine
E. (Nor)epinephrine

55. Sleep-wake cycles (wakefulness) is the function of …

A. Acetylcholine
B. (Nor)epinephrine
C. Serotonin
D. β-Endorphin
E. Substance P

56. Sleep-wake cycles (wakefulness) is the function of …

A. Acetylcholine
B. Glutamate & aspartate
C. GABA
D. Glycine
E. Serotonin
57. Hormone of Happiness (general arousal, antidepressant) is the function of …
A. Dopamine
B. (Nor)epinephrine
C. Serotonin
D. β-Endorphin
E. Substance P

58. Hormone of Happiness (general arousal, antidepressant) is the function of …

A. Acetylcholine
B. Glutamate & aspartate
C. GABA
D. Glycine
E. Serotonin

59. Hormone of Happiness (euphoria, pleasure) is the function of …

A. Dopamine
B. (Nor)epinephrine
C. Serotonin
D. β-Endorphin
E. Substance P

60. Hormone of Happiness (euphoria, pleasure) is the function of …

A. Acetylcholine
B. Glutamate & aspartate
C. GABA
D. Glycine
E. β-Endorphin

61. Control of pain is the function of …

A. Glycine
B. Dopamine
C. (Nor)epinephrine
D. Serotonin
E. β-Endorphin

62. Control of pain is the function of …

A. Acetylcholine
B. Glutamate & aspartate
C. GABA
D. Glycine
E. β-Endorphin

63. Transmission of pain signals is the function of …

A. Dopamine
B. (Nor)epinephrine
C. Serotonin
D. β-Endorphin
E. Substance P

64. Transmission of pain signals is the function of …

A. Acetylcholine
B. Glutamate & aspartate
C. GABA
D. Glycine
E. Substance P

65. The glia cells of CNS perform the following functions ….

A. action potential transfer.
B. close partners of neurons.
C. generation of action potential.
D. secretion of neurotransmitter.
66. These glia cells are the most common glial cell type.
A. Astrocytes.
B. Microglia.
C. Oligodendrocytes.

67. These glia cells surround neurons and hold them in place.
A. Astrocytes.
B. Microglia.
C. Oligodendrocytes.

68. These glia cells supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons.

A. Astrocytes.
B. Microglia.
C. Oligodendrocytes.
+
69. These glia cells maintain a stable [K ] in the brain extracellular fluid.
A. Astrocytes.
B. Microglia.
C. Oligodendrocytes.

70. These glia cells remove neurotransmitters from brain extracellular fluid in the region of synapses.
A. Astrocytes.
B. Microglia.
C. Oligodendrocytes.

71. These glia cells synthesize neurotransmitter precursors for neurons.

A. Astrocytes.
B. Microglia.
C. Oligodendrocytes.

72. These glia cells repair damage.

A. Astrocytes.
B. Microglia.
C. Oligodendrocytes.

73. These glia cells maintain the Blood-brain barrier.

A. Astrocytes.
B. Microglia.
C. Oligodendrocytes.

74. These glia cells are activated by infection and coordinate the brain’s immune response.
A. Astrocytes.
B. Microglia.
C. Oligodendrocytes.

75. These glia cells form the myelin sheath around neurons in the central nervous system.
A. Astrocytes.
B. Microglia.
C. Oligodendrocytes.

76. The function of astrocyte (one type of glia cells) is NOT …

A. to produce and maintain the myelin sheaths.
B. to surround neurons and hold them in place
C. to supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons
+
D. to maintain a stable [K ] in the brain extracellular fluid.

77. The function of astrocyte (one type of glia cells) is NOT …

A. to produce and maintain the myelin sheaths.
B. to synthesize neurotransmitter precursors for neurons.
C. to repair damage.
D. to maintain the blood-brain barrier

78. The myelin that surrounds nerve cell axon is …

A. a lipid-rich (fatty) substance
B. a carbohydrate
C. a protein

79. White matter refers to …

A. axon tracts and commissures
B. nerve cells bodies
C. brain fluids

80. The function of the white matter is …

A. conduction
B. reflex
C. excitation
D. protection

81. Grey matter refers to …

A. axon tracts and commissures
B. nerve cells bodies
C. brain fluids

82. The function of the grey matter is …

A. conduction
B. reflex
C. excitation
D. protection

83. By morphological principle the nervous system can be divided into …

A. the brain and the spinal cord.
B. the central nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
C. the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
D. the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
E. the voluntary nervous system and the involuntary nervous system.

84. By functional principle the nervous system can be divided into …

A. the brain and the spinal cord.
B. the central nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
C. the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
D. the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
E. the voluntary nervous system and the in voluntary nervous system.

85. The central nervous system consists of …

A. the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
B. the spinal cord and brain.
C. neurons and glia, which are located outside the meninges.
D. spinal nerves, cranial nerves, nerve ganglia and sensory receptors.
E. spinal nerves and cranial nerves.

86. Structures in the peripheral nervous system include …

A. the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
B. the spinal cord and brain.
C. neurons and glia, which are located outside the meninges.
D. spinal nerves, cranial nerves, nerve ganglia and sensory receptors.
E. spinal nerves and cranial nerves.

87. This is the reflex of the spinal cord:

A. stretch reflex
B. start reflex
C. vomiting
D. Pupillary Light Reflex

88. This is the reflex of the spinal cord:

A. protective (ex. withdrawal)
B. start reflex
C. vomiting
D. Pupillary Light Reflex
89. This is the reflex of the spinal cord:
A. autonomic reflex
B. startle reflex
C. vomiting
D. Pupillary Light Reflex

90. This part of spinal cord receives afferent input.

A. The dorsal horn.
B. The lateral horn.
C. The reticular formation.
D. The ventral horn.

91. This part of spinal cord contains motoneurons.

A. dorsal horns
B. lateral horns
C. reticular formation
D. ventral horns

92. In this part of the spinal cord are located centers of vegetative (involuntary) nervous system.
A. dorsal horns
B. lateral horns
C. reticular formation
D. ventral horns

93. In this part of the spinal cord are located activating structures.
E. dorsal horns
F. lateral horns
G. reticular formation
H. ventral horns

94. The ventral horns are the centers of vegetative (involuntary) nervous system.
A. true
B. false

95. The reticular formation is located between the lateral and ventral horns; it performs activating function.
A. true
B. false

96. In spinal cord are located the centers, except …

A. the centers of all motor involuntary reflexes (except head musculature).
B. the centers of vegetative sympathetic nervous system.
C. partly the centers of parasympathetic nervous system.
D. the cardiac center.

97. In spinal cord are located the centers, except …

A. partly the centers of parasympathetic nervous system.
B. the cardiac center.
C. the vasomotor and the perspiration centers.
D. the centers of urination and defecation.

98. There are the centers of the spinal cord EXCEPT…

A. the center of urination and defecation.
B. the centers of all motor involuntary reflexes (except head musculature).
C. the centers of defense reflexes (cough, sneezing et al.)
D. the centers of vegetative sympathetic and partly of parasympathetic nervous system.

99. This nucleus consists of noradrenergic neurons. It is responsible to physiological reaction of tension and anxiety; it also
participates in mechanisms of sleep.
A. Locus coeruleus.
B. Red nuclei.
C. Substantia nigra.
D. The tectum
E. The reticular formation

100. This nucleus is one of the brain sites that produce dopamine.
A. Locus coeruleus.
B. Red nuclei.
C. Substantia nigra.
D. The tectum
E. The reticular formation

101. This nucleus provide coordination and automatism of motions, muscle tonus.
A. Locus coeruleus.
B. Red nuclei.
C. Substantia nigra.
D. The tectum (the superior colliculus and the inferior colliculus).
E. The reticular formation

102. This nucleus is the functional concept is one of an ascending activating system for the forebrain …
A. Locus coeruleus.
B. Red nuclei.
C. Substantia nigra.
D. The tectum (the superior colliculus and the inferior colliculus).
E. The reticular formation

103. This structure is the major conduit of sensory and motor information between the brain and the periphery.
A. spinal cord
B. medulla
C. cerebellum
D. pons
E. brainstem

104. This structure is the major conduit of sensory and motor information between the brain and the periphery.
A. spinal cord
B. limbic system
C. basal ganglia
D. cerebrum
E. autonomic nervous system

105. This structure concerned with control of emotions.

A. hypothalamus
B. thalamus
C. limbic system
D. basal ganglia
E. autonomic nervous system

106. This structure concerned with control of emotions.

A. spinal cord
B. medulla
C. cerebellum
D. pons
E. limbic system

107. This structure is the seat of thoughts, perceptions, and voluntary actions.
A. thalamus
B. limbic system
C. basal ganglia
D. cerebrum
E. autonomic nervous system

108. This structure is the seat of thoughts, perceptions, and voluntary actions.
A. spinal cord
B. medulla
C. cerebellum
D. limbic system
E. basal ganglia
F. cerebrum

109. This structure concerned with control of visceral functions such as digestion, blood flow, temperature regulation.
A. thalamus
B. limbic system
C. basal ganglia
D. cerebrum
E. autonomic nervous system

110. This structure concerned with control of visceral functions such as digestion, blood flow, temperature regulation.
A. medulla
B. cerebellum
C. pons
D. brainstem
E. autonomic nervous system

111. This structure is a relay station through which each of the sensory pathways for somatic sensation, vision, and hearing
(audition) synapse.
A. thalamus
B. limbic system
C. basal ganglia
D. cerebrum
E. autonomic nervous system

112. This structure is a relay station through which each of the sensory pathways for somatic sensation, vision, and hearing
(audition) synapse.
A. cerebellum
B. pons
C. brainstem
D. hypothalamus
E. thalamus

113. This structure is a key part of the motor system that is required for the maintenance of equilibrium and the
coordination of muscle actions.
A. cerebellum
B. limbic system
C. basal ganglia
D. cerebrum
E. autonomic nervous system

114. This structure is a key part of the motor system that is required for the maintenance of equilibrium and the
coordination of muscle actions.
A. spinal cord
B. medulla
C. cerebellum
D. pons
E. brainstem

115. This structure is a command center for the ANS, and also for much of the endocrine system. In addition, it is a source of
several basic motivational drives.
A. hypothalamus
B. thalamus
C. limbic system
D. basal ganglia
E. cerebrum
F. autonomic nervous system

116. This structure is a command center for the ANS, and also for much of the endocrine system. In addition, it is a source of
several basic motivational drives.
A. medulla
B. cerebellum
C. pons
D. brainstem
E. hypothalamus

117. The function of the spinal cord is ….

A. the seat of emotions
B. the seat of thoughts, perceptions, and voluntary actions.
C. the major conduit of sensory and motor information between the brain and the periphery.
D. concerned with control of visceral functions such as digestion, blood flow, temperature regulation, and reproduction.
E. a relay station through which each of the sensory pathways for somatic sensation, vision, and hearing (audition) synapse.
F. a key part of the motor system that is required for the maintenance of equilibrium and the coordination of muscle actions.
G. a conduit for the flow of information between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It is a site of regulation of vital body
functions, including breathing and consciousness.
H. a command center for the ANS, and also for much of the endocrine system, through its control of the pituitary gland. In
addition, it is a source of several basic motivational drives, including the desire to satisfy drives for hunger, thirst, and sex.

118. The function of the autonomic nervous system is ….

A. the seat of emotions
B. the seat of thoughts, perceptions, and voluntary actions.
C. the major conduit of sensory and motor information between the brain and the periphery.
D. concerned with control of visceral functions such as digestion, blood flow, temperature regulation, and reproduction.
E. a relay station through which each of the sensory pathways for somatic sensation, vision, and hearing (audition) synapse.
F. a key part of the motor system that is required for the maintenance of equilibrium and the coordination of muscle actions.
G. a conduit for the flow of information between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It is a site of regulation of vital body
functions, including breathing and consciousness.
H. a command center for the ANS, and also for much of the endocrine system, through its control of the pituitary gland. In
addition, it is a source of several basic motivational drives, including the desire to satisfy drives for hunger, thirst, and sex.

119. The function of the cerebrum is ….

A. the seat of emotions
B. the seat of thoughts, perceptions, and voluntary actions.
C. the major conduit of sensory and motor information between the brain and the periphery.
D. concerned with control of visceral functions such as digestion, blood flow, temperature regulation, and reproduction.
E. a relay station through which each of the sensory pathways for somatic sensation, vision, and hearing (audition) synapse.
F. a key part of the motor system that is required for the maintenance of equilibrium and the coordination of muscle actions.
G. a conduit for the flow of information between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It is a site of regulation of vital body
functions, including breathing and consciousness.
H. a command center for the ANS, and also for much of the endocrine system, through its control of the pituitary gland. In
addition, it is a source of several basic motivational drives, including the desire to satisfy drives for hunger, thirst, and sex.

120. The function of the thalamus is ….

A. the seat of emotions
B. the seat of thoughts, perceptions, and voluntary actions.
C. the major conduit of sensory and motor information between the brain and the periphery.
D. concerned with control of visceral functions such as digestion, blood flow, temperature regulation, and reproduction.
E. a relay station through which each of the sensory pathways for somatic sensation, vision, and hearing (audition) synapse.
F. a key part of the motor system that is required for the maintenance of equilibrium and the coordination of muscle actions.
G. a conduit for the flow of information between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It is a site of regulation of vital body
functions, including breathing and consciousness.
H. a command center for the ANS, and also for much of the endocrine system, through its control of the pituitary gland. In
addition, it is a source of several basic motivational drives, including the desire to satisfy drives for hunger, thirst, and sex.

121. The function of the hypothalamus is ….

A. the seat of emotions
B. the seat of thoughts, perceptions, and voluntary actions.
C. the major conduit of sensory and motor information between the brain and the periphery.
D. concerned with control of visceral functions such as digestion, blood flow, temperature regulation, and reproduction.
E. a relay station through which each of the sensory pathways for somatic sensation, vision, and hearing (audition) synapse.
F. a key part of the motor system that is required for the maintenance of equilibrium and the coordination of muscle actions.
G. a conduit for the flow of information between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It is a site of regulation of vital body
functions, including breathing and consciousness.
H. a command center for the ANS, and also for much of the endocrine system, through its control of the pituitary gland. In
addition, it is a source of several basic motivational drives, including the desire to satisfy drives for hunger, thirst, and sex.

122. The function of the cerebellum is ….

A. the seat of emotions
B. the seat of thoughts, perceptions, and voluntary actions.
C. the major conduit of sensory and motor information between the brain and the periphery.
D. concerned with control of visceral functions such as digestion, blood flow, temperature regulation, and reproduction.
E. a relay station through which each of the sensory pathways for somatic sensation, vision, and hearing (audition) synapse.
F. a key part of the motor system that is required for the maintenance of equilibrium and the coordination of muscle actions.
G. a conduit for the flow of information between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It is a site of regulation of vital body
functions, including breathing and consciousness.
H. a command center for the ANS, and also for much of the endocrine system, through its control of the pituitary gland. In
addition, it is a source of several basic motivational drives, including the desire to satisfy drives for hunger, thirst, and sex.

123. The function of the limbic system is ….

A. the seat of emotions
B. the seat of thoughts, perceptions, and voluntary actions.
C. the major conduit of sensory and motor information between the brain and the periphery.
D. concerned with control of visceral functions such as digestion, blood flow, temperature regulation, and reproduction.
E. a relay station through which each of the sensory pathways for somatic sensation, vision, and hearing (audition) synapse.
F. a key part of the motor system that is required for the maintenance of equilibrium and the coordination of muscle actions.
G. a conduit for the flow of information between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It is a site of regulation of vital body
functions, including breathing and consciousness.
H. a command center for the ANS, and also for much of the endocrine system, through its control of the pituitary gland. In
addition, it is a source of several basic motivational drives, including the desire to satisfy drives for hunger, thirst, and sex.

124. The function of the brainstem is ….

A. the seat of emotions
B. the seat of thoughts, perceptions, and voluntary actions.
C. the major conduit of sensory and motor information between the brain and the periphery.
D. concerned with control of visceral functions such as digestion, blood flow, temperature regulation, and reproduction.
E. a relay station through which each of the sensory pathways for somatic sensation, vision, and hearing (audition) synapse.
F. a key part of the motor system that is required for the maintenance of equilibrium and the coordination of muscle actions.
G. a conduit for the flow of information between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It is a site of regulation of vital body
functions, including breathing and consciousness.
H. a command center for the ANS, and also for much of the endocrine system, through its control of the pituitary gland. In
addition, it is a source of several basic motivational drives, including the desire to satisfy drives for hunger, thirst, and sex.

125. The sympathetic nervous system is generally excitatory and is associated with “fight or flight” responses.
A. true
B. false

126. The parasympathetic nervous system is generally antagonist to the sympathetic nervous system and is associated
with “rest and digest” functions.
A. true
B. false

The somatic nervous system controls movements and somatic sensitivity, is voluntary controlled, doesn’t save functions by
blocking the signals from the central nervous system , it’s excitation is local (directed), has a high speed of action potential
propagation and lability, and has a conscious awareness.

127. It is true for the somatic nervous system

A. controls the visceral functions (homeostasis)
B. is voluntary controlled
C. excitation is generalized (diffused)
D. has a low speed of action potential propagation and lability
E. conscious awareness is not present

128. It is true for the somatic nervous system

A. controls the visceral functions (homeostasis)
B. voluntary is not controlled
C. excitation is local (directed)
D. has a low speed of action potential propagation and lability
E. conscious awareness is not present

129. It is true for the somatic nervous system

A. controls the visceral functions (homeostasis)
B. voluntary is not controlled
C. excitation is generalized (diffused)
D. has a low speed of action potential propagation and lability
E. conscious awareness

130. It is true for the somatic nervous system

A. controls the visceral functions (homeostasis)
B. voluntary is not controlled
C. excitation is generalized (diffused)
D. high speed of action potential propagation and lability
E. conscious awareness is not present

131. It is true for the autonomic nervous system

A. controls movements and somatic sensitivity
B. voluntary is not controlled
C. excitation is local (directed)
D. a high speed of action potential propagation and lability
E. conscious awareness

132. It is true for the autonomic nervous system

A. controls movements and somatic sensitivity
B. is voluntary controlled
C. excitation is generalized (diffused)
D. a high speed of action potential propagation and lability
E. conscious awareness

133. It is true for the autonomic nervous system

A. controls movements and somatic sensitivity
B. is voluntary controlled
C. excitation is local (directed)
D. a low speed of action potential propagation and lability
E. conscious awareness

134. It is true for the autonomic nervous system

A. controls movements and somatic sensitivity
B. is voluntary controlled
C. excitation is local (directed)
D. a high speed of action potential propagation and lability
E. no conscious awareness

135. The ganglion of the autonomic nervous system is localized

A. between the receptor and nerve center
B. between the nerve center and effector
C. between the sensory and motor neurons

136. The activation of the sympathetic division characterized by...

A. heart rate and vascular tone increase
B. anabolism is increased
C. respiratory rate is decreased.
D. skeletal muscle tone is decreased.
E. all answers are correct

137. The activation of the sympathetic division characterized by...

A. heart rate and vascular tone decrease
B. catabolism is increased
C. respiratory rate is decreased.
D. skeletal muscle tone is decreased.
E. digestive functions are increased.
F. pupil is contracted
G. all answers are correct

138. The activation of the sympathetic division characterized by...

A. heart rate and vascular tone decrease
B. anabolism is increased
C. respiratory rate is increased.
D. skeletal muscle tone is decreased.
E. all answers are correct

139. The activation of the sympathetic division characterized by...

A. anabolism is increased
B. respiratory rate is decreased.
C. skeletal muscle tone is increased.
D. pupil is contracted
E. all answers are correct

140. The activation of the sympathetic division characterized by...

A. anabolism is increased
B. skeletal muscle tone is decreased.
C. digestive functions are decreased.
D. pupil is contracted
E. all answers are correct

141. The activation of the parasympathetic division characterized by...

A. heart rate and vascular tone decrease
B. catabolism is increased
C. respiratory rate is increased.
D. skeletal muscle tone is increased.
E. digestive functions are decreased.

142. The activation of the parasympathetic division characterized by...

A. anatabolism is increased
B. respiratory rate is increased.
C. skeletal muscle tone is increased.
D. digestive functions are decreased.
E. pupil is dilated

143. The activation of the parasympathetic division characterized by...

A. catabolism is increased
B. respiratory rate is decreased.
C. skeletal muscle tone is increased.
D. digestive functions are decreased.
E. pupil is dilated

144. The activation of the parasympathetic division characterized by...

A. heart rate and vascular tone increase
B. catabolism is increased
C. respiratory rate is increased.
D. skeletal muscle tone is decreased.
E. digestive functions are decreased.

145. The activation of the parasympathetic division characterized by...

A. heart rate and vascular tone increase
B. catabolism is increased
C. respiratory rate is increased.
D. skeletal muscle tone is increased.
E. digestive functions are decreased.
F. pupil is contracted

146. The activation of the sympathetic nervous system …

A. occurs in response to sleep.
B. causes the decrease of the arterial pressure and of the heart rate.
C. causes the constriction of arterioles in the skin and viscera.
D. causes the decrease of the tissue metabolism.

147. The activation of the sympathetic nervous system …

A. causes the increase of energy utilization by glycogenolysis in the liver and lipolysis in adipose tissue.
B. includes the dilation of sphincters in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts.
C. includes the contraction of the bronchioles and pupils.
D. causes the increase of the digestive secretion functions.

148. The activation of the parasympathetic nervous system …

A. causes the increase of energy utilization by glycogenolysis in the liver and lipolysis in adipose tissue.
B. includes the contraction of sphincters in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts.
C. includes the dilation of the bronchioles and pupils.
D. causes the increase of the digestive secretion functions.

149. The activation of the parasympathetic nervous system …

A. occurs in response to stress.
B. causes the decrease of the arterial pressure and of the heart rate.
C. causes the constriction of arterioles in the skin and viscera.
D. causes the increase of the tissue metabolism.

150. This extracellular fluid of the CNS contained inside the vascular system (approximately 70 mL).
A. Intracellular fluid.
B. Blood plasma.
C. Interstitial fluid.
D. blood-cerebrospinal fluid.

151. This extracellular fluid of the CNS located outside the vascular system in contact with neural cells and glia
(approximately 250 mL).
A. Intracellular fluid.
B. Blood plasma.
C. Interstitial fluid.
D. blood-cerebrospinal fluid.

152. This extracellular fluid of the CNS located within the ventricular system and subarachnoid space (approximately 150
mL).
A. Intracellular fluid.
B. Blood plasma.
C. Interstitial fluid.
D. blood-cerebrospinal fluid.

153. Functions of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid NOT include:

A. To act as a shock absorber to protect the brain from contact with the skull during movement.
B. To assist in the maintenance of a constant internal environment in the CNS.
C. To provide a route for removal of metabolites from the brain.
D. To provide oxygen and nutrients to the brain.

154. There is a lack a blood-brain barrier

E. pineal gland
F. hypothalamus
G. thalamus
H. cortex

155. There is a lack a blood-brain barrier

posterior pituitary
hypothalamus
thalamus
cortex

156. In brain capillaries

A. increased permeability to various substances
B. permeability to various substances is reduced
C. permeability to various substances is the same as in other organs

157. The function of the choroid plexus epithelium is

A. secretion of cerebrospinal fluid
B. mechanical protection
C. provides transport of oxygen and nutrients