TOPIC 1: PHONETICS

A. LÝ THUYẾT TRỌNG TÂM

I. Phiên âm Tiếng anh
1. Nguyên âm Vowels (u, e, o, a, i)
a. Nguyên âm ngắn - Short vowels
/ǝ/: ago, mother, together /æ/: cat, chat, man /e/: bed, send, tent, spend
/ʌ/: study, shut, must /i/: hit, bit, sit
/u/: put, should, foot /ɒ/: got, job, hospital
b. Nguyên âm dài - Long vowels
/i:/: meet, beat, heat /ɜ:/: bird, shirt, early /ɔ:/: sport, more, store
/a:/: father, star, car /u:/: school, food, moon
c. Nguyên âm đôi- Diphthongs
/ai/: buy, sky, hi, shy /eǝ/: air, care, share /ʊǝ/: poor, sure, tour
/ei/: day, baby, stay /ɔɪ/: boy, enjoy, toy /ɪǝ/: near, tear, cheer
/au/: now, sound, cow /ou/: no, go, so
2. Phụ âm - Consonants
/b/: bag, baby /p/: pupil, pay, stop
/d/: dog, daddy, dead /k/: kiss, key
/m/: mother, map, come /j/: yes, yellow
/n/: many, none, news /s/: see, summer
/l/: love, lucky, travel /z/: zoo, visit
/r: river, restaurant /h/: hat, honey
/t/: tea, teach /dʒ/: village, jam, generous
/g/: get, game, go /θ/: thin, thick, something, birth
/f/: fall, laugh, fiction /δ/: mother, with, this
/v/: visit, van /ʃ/: she, sugar
/w/: wet, why /ʒn/: vision
/tʃ/: children, chicken, watch /ɳ/: thank, sing
II. Cách phát âm của đuôi -s
"s" được phát âm là:
/s/: khi âm tận cùng trước nó là /p/, /k/, /f/,/0/,/t/. thời fong kiến phương tây
/iz/: khi trước -s là: ch, sh, ss, x, ge
/z/: khi âm tận cùng trước nó là nguyên âm và các phụ âm còn lại
Ví dụ:
A. Listens / 'lɪsnz / B. Reviews / rɪ' vju:z /
C. Protects / pǝr' tekts / D. Enjoys / ɪn'dʒɔɪz /
III. Cách phát âm của đuôi -ed
“-ed" được phát âm là:
/t/: khi âm tận cùng trước -ed là /s/, /tʃ/, /ʃ/, /p/, /k/, /f/
/id/: khi trước -ed là /t/ và /d/
/d/: khi âm tận cùng trước -ed là nguyên âm và các phụ âm còn lại.
Ví dụ:
A. Toured /turd/ B. Jumped /dʒʌmpt/
C. Solved /sɒlvd/ D. Rained /reɪnd /
B. Practice
1. Find the word which has different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. laughed B. washed C. danced D. played
2. A. beds B. dogs C. porters D. books
3. A. pictures B. watches C. buses D. brushes
4. A. homework B. mother C. open D. judo
5. A. leisure B. eight C. celebrate D. penalty
6. A. fun B. sun C. surf D. cut
7. A. bracelet B. cake C. make D. hat
8. A. although B. laugh C. paragraph D. enough
9. A. comedy B. letter C. princess D. cinema
10. A. high B. sight C. this D. find
2. Find the word which has different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. stopped B. agreed C. listened D. cleaned
2. A. meat B. seat C. great D. mean
3. A. call B. land C. fall D. ball
4. A. rather B. them C. neither D. think
3.Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
1. A. neighbor B. cough C. although D. drought
2. A. entertain B. rain C. air D. strain
3. A. try B. facility C. typhoon D. supply
4. A. supermarket B. ruler C. pollution D. urban
5. A. nature B. migrant C. facility D. away
6. A. traffic B. relative C. tragedy D. jam
7. A. apartment B. offer C. prefer D. another
8. A. nature B. pressure C. urban D.supply
9. A. create B. peaceful C. increase D. easily
10. A. accessible B. pressure C. illness D.success
4. Choose the word (A, B, c or D) which is pronounced differently from the others.
1. A. fun B. sun C. surf D. cut
2. A. leisure B. eight C. celebrate D. penalty
3. A. populated B. loaded C. harvested D. lived
4. A. fields B. flowers C. lemons D. parks
5.Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently the others.
1. A. tasty B. mall C. stadium D. change
2. A. grocery B. month C. comfort D. money
3. A. just B. summer C. much D. ruler
4. A. around B. delicious C. house D. ground
5. A. exhibition B. neighborhood C. hot D. humid
6. Choose the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. sound B. touch C. down D. account
2. A. design B. preserve C. basic D. physical
3. A. occupation B. occasion C. shake D. miraculous
4. A. concerned B. received C. attached D. concealed
5. A. teacher B. clear C. reason D. mean
6. A. letter B. twelve C. person D. sentence
7. A. included B. received C. remembered D. annoyed
8. A. enough B. young C. country D. mountain
9. A. speech B. March C. machine D. children
10. A. face B. commercial C. center D. city
7.Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the
others.
1. A. canoe B. water C. sugar D. island
2. A. resort B. hotel C. except D. rescue
3. A. sight B. tribe C. seaside D. magnificent
4. A. railway B. daily C. airport D.train
5. A. island B. florist C. stream D. sight
8.Find the word which has different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. mention B. question C.action D.education
2. A. populated B. loaded C.harvested D. lived
3. A. community B. computer C.museum D. customs
4. A. minority B. ethnic C.tradition D. religion
9.Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the
others.
1. A. festival B. man C. fat D. grand
2. A. carol B. tomb C. patron D. custom
3. A. upset B. custom C. museum D. unsuitable
4. A. saint B. tailor C. explain D. said
5. A. beach B. catch C. church D. Christmas
10.Choose the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. school B. architect C. change D. chemical
2. A. buffalo B. minority C. gold D. close
3. A. end B. pencil C. open D. bench
4. A. wanted B. washed C. watched D. stopped
5. A. remote B. explore C. relax D. diverse
11. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the
others.
1. A. match B. pan C. transmit D. safety
2. A. equipment B. upset C. end D. help
3. A. folk B. mother C. photo D. neighbor
4. A. fairy B. train C. afraid D. wait
5. A. excited B. prince C. once D. escape
6. A. south B. sound C. mouth D. touch
7. A. nice B. wife C. children D. knife
8. A. fair B. straight C. awake D. moderate
9. A. tall B.ball C. call D. adjective
10. A. worked B. looked C. naked D. cooked
12.Choose the words that have the underlined part pronounced differently from the
others.
1. A sound B. cloud C. found D. favourite
2. A. tool B. noon C. door D. school
3. A. know B. show C. now D. low
4. A. crafts B. comics C. streets D. stamps
5. A. mention B. question C. action D. education
6. A. leisure B. pleasure C. ensure D. measure
7. A. minority B. ethnic C. tradition D. religion
8. A. recognised B. designed C. displayed D. entered
9. A. country B. cloud C. loudly D. mouse
10. A. camel B. cattle C. paddy D. buffalo
11. A. populated B. loaded C. harvested D. lived
12. A. normal B. visitor C. transport D. chore
13. A. nomad B. badly C. adore D. language
14. A. behaved B. bored C. hoped D. tried
15. A. looked B. cooked C. naked D. booked
13.Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently fromthe others.
1. A. paddy B. sand C. travel D. tribal
2. A. buffalo B. photo C. limestone D. botanical
3. A. jungle B. luggage C. sunbathe D. sugar
4. A. around B. various C. sound D. mountains
5. A. heritage B. giant C. garden D. village
14.Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the
others.
1. A. vanilla B. vacuum C. add D. facsimile
2. A. whiten B. fiber C. zipper D. conveyor
3. A. remove B. wrote C. mold D. cocoa
4. A. follow B. powder C. show D. borrow
5. A. wood B. thousand C. procedure D. hairdryer
15.Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the
others.
1. A. twice B. flight C. piece D. mind
2. A. about B. around C. sound D. young
3. A. cover B. oven C. coffee D. company
4. A. plates B. cakes C. mates D. places
5. A. laughed B. learned C. changed D. arrived
16.Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the
others.
1. A. metal B. scatter C. package D. math
2. A. smell B. press C. melt D. refill
3. A. those B. clothes C. shopping D. envelope
4. A. down B. throw C. nowadays D. how
5. A. plants B. fields C. trees D. newspapers
17. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the
others.
1. A. ranked B. gained C. prepared D. proved
2. A. host B. honor C. hockey D. horror
3. A. badminton B. swallow C. challenge D. ballet
4. A. teammate B. reading C. creating D. seaside
5. A. athlete B. author C. length D. southern
6. A. touch B. foul C. account D. mount
7. A. lose B. vote C. control D. social
8. A. rear B. bear C. gear D. year
9. A. please B. peace C. seat D. spread
10. A. overlooks B. beliefs C. towards D. rights
18.Which word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others?
1. A. wharf B. place C. volcano D. plane
2. A. fisherman B. ticket C. prisoner D. over
3. A. hotel B. postcard C. shore D. cold
4. A. included B. called C. phoned D. arrived
5. A. much B. teacher C. beach D. brochure
19.Which word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others?
1. A. plates B. cakes C. mates D. places
2. A. changed B. learned C. laughed D. arrived
3. A. emergency B. resident C. deposit D. prefer
4. A. wanted B. decided C. visited D. looked
5. A. prison B. limestone C. kind D. tribe
6. A. which B. who C. when D. where
7. A. carry B. hard C. card D. yard
8. A. twice B. flight C. piece D. mind
9. A. about B. around C. sound D. young
10. A. cover B. oven C. coffee D. company