This workbook is designed by academic team of the Fullbright Institute for the basic

level and viewed as a collection of worksheets, which contains exercises of listening

comprehension of short conversations, English structures (e.g. subject-verb and clauses),
and reading comprehension focusing on main idea and stated details of the passages.

Fullbright Academic Team, 2022

Part 1

1. Danny _____ his father on Sundays

A. Phones
B. Phone
C. Is phone
D. He phones

2. _____ grow close to the ground in the short Arctic summer.

A. Above tundra plants

B. Tundra plants
C. Tundra plants are found
D. For tundra plants

3. _____ along most of its length into an upper chamber and a lower chamber.

A. The divided cochlea

B. Dividing the cochlea
C. The cochlea is divided
D. With a divided cochlea

4. The large carotid artery ______ to the main parts of the brain.

A. Carrying blood
B. Blood is carried
C. Carries blood
D. Blood carries

5. Distantly related to pigs, _____ the great Indian rhinoceros as the second largest
living land animal.

A. Rivaling the hippopotamus

B. The rival of the hippopotamus
C. of the hippopotamus rivals
D. the hippopotamus rivals

6. Buckwheat Flour _____ the seeds of the buckwheat plant.

A. Is made from
B. From
C. It is from
D. And
7. _____ the dollar as its monetary unit in 1878.

A. Canada adopted
B. Adopted by Canada,
C. It was adopted by Canada
D. The Canadian adoption of

8. The first steamship to cross the Atlantic _____ Savannah, in 1819

A. Was the
B. It was the
C. The
D. In it the

9. _____ is present in the body in greeter amounts than any other mineral.

A. Calcium
B. There is calcium
C. Calcium are
D. It is calcium

10. In the late 1880s, Hull House _____ United States’ welfare state.

A. To become the
B. became the
C. Becoming one of the
D. It became the

11. NASA’s Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center _____ control center for the Mercury,
Gemini, and Apollo space flights.

A. It was at the
B. It was the
C. Was the
D. The

12. In 1905, Henry Flagler _____ his plans to extend his florida East Coast Railway out
across the sea to the Key West.

A. It was announced
B. Announcement
C. The announcement of
D. Announced
13. The state of Ohio _____ name from an Iraquan word meaning “great river”

A. And its
B. Along with its
C. It gots its
D. Got its

14. Robert E. Lee _____ the confederate army to General Grant in 1865 at the
Appomattox Courthouse.

A. Surrendered
B. He surrendered
C. Surrendering
D. Surrender

15. The irregular coastline of _____ a succession of bays and inlets, with the hook of
the Cape Cod peninsula in the southeast.

A. Massachusetts
B. Massachusetts is
C. Massachusetts it is
D. Massachussets on
Part 2

1. Joseph Henry, _____ first director of the Smithsonian Insitute, was President
Lincoln’s advisor on scientific matters.

A. The
B. Be the
C. Was the
D. he is the

2. _____ in the first draft of the budget will not necessarily be in the final draft.

A. because of the appearing

B. it appears
C. the appearance of the data
D. despite the appearance of the data

3. The National Road, _____ of the first highways in North America, connected the
East Coast to the Ohio Valley.

A. one was
B. It was one
C. One
D. Was one

4. Minnesota, _____, actually has 12,034 lakes

A. The Land of 10,000 Lakes

B. It is the Land of 10,000 Lakes
C. their Land is of 10,000 Lakes
D. To a Land of 10,000 Lakes

5. Isaac Newton, _____, made his discoveries about gravity nearly 300 years ago.

A. he was an English scientist and philosopher

B. were an English scientist and philosopher
C. was an English scientist and philosopher
D. an English scientist and philosopher

6. Total color blindness, _____, is the result of a detect in the retina.

A. A rare condition is
B. A rare condition
C. a rare is condition
D. Is a rare condition
7. In physics, __________ plasma refers to a gas that has a nearly equal number of
positively and negatively charged particles.

A. the term
B. by the term
C. is termed
D. terming is

8. In 1878, Frederick W. Taylor invented a concept called scientific management,

_____ of obtaining as much efficiency from workers and machines as possible.

A. It is a method
B. a method is
C. a method
D. call a method

9. The Canadian, _____, is a train trip from Toronto to Vancouver with best scenery of
forests and rivers.

A. Is one of the iconic train trips in the world

B. Was one of the iconic train trips in the world
C. One of the iconic train trips in the world
D. It is one of the iconic train trips in the world

10. Without the proper card installed inside the computer, _____ impossible to run a
graphics program.

A. is definitely
B. because of
C. it is
D. is

11. One of the largest and most powerful birds of prey in the world, _____ a six-foot
wingspan and legs and talons roughly the size of a man's arms and legs.

A. despite the harpy has

B. the harpy having
C. the harpy are having
D. the harpy has
12. The Y chromosome among human chromosomes _____ because of meiotic
recombination problems.

A. unusual
B. being unusual
C. is unusual
D. are unusual

13. Beverly Sills, _____, assumed directorship of the New York City Opera in 1979

A. Be a star soprano
B. Was a star soprano
C. A star soprano and
D. A star soprano

14. _____ in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert water.

A. Plants are widely spaced

B. The spacing of plants is wide
C. Plants are
D. The wide spacing of plants

15. On attaining maximum size, ___ by drawing itself out and dividing into two
daughter amoebas.

A. the reproduction of the amoeba

B. the amoeba, reproduces
C. reproducing the amoeba
D. the amoeba reproduced
Part 3

1. Because _____ has depleted many wildlife species, game preserves are being
established.

A. Excessive hunting
B. Hunting was excessive
C. Of hunting excessively
D. They hunted excessively

2. _____ sucked groundwater from below, some parts of the city have begun to sink
as much as ten inches annually.

A. pumps have
B. as pumps have
C. so pumps have
D. with pumps

3. Case studies are target of much skepticism in the scientific community, _____ used
extensively by numerous researchers

A. they are
B. are
C. yet they
D. yet they are

4. _____ a tornado spins in a counterclockwise direction in the northern hemisphere,

it spins in the opposite direction in the southern hemisphere.

A. It is
B. Because of
C. Although
D. during

5. In 1864 the American Shakespearean actor Edwin Booth gained critical acclaim
when he _____ Hamlet at the Winter Garden Theatre in New York City.

A. perform
B. performed
C. have been performing
D. having performed
6. Since there were no honeybees in North America, European settlers _____

A. Moved to the safe place

B. Moving to the specific area
C. They are moving directly
D. Their movement

7. _____ James Buchanan was a bachelor, his niece served as hostless of the White
House during his presidency.
A. It was
B. During
C. Because of
D. When

8. An eclipse occurs when _____ passes between the sun and the moon.

A. The earth
B. It is the earth
C. So the earth
D. They are

9. _____ usually gains public recognition only when it faces the danger of extinction.

A. A bird species
B. When a bird species
C. A bird species is
D. It is a bird species

10. Dehydrated food doesn’t spoil, _____ desirable for long-term storage.

A. And its
B. makes it
C. it is
D. So it is

11. _____ are sometimes called “rats of the air” since they will eat anything

A. They are called Gulls

B. When Gulls
C. Gulls
D. Because Gulls
12. Dinosaurs dominated the earth for 150 million years _____ suddenly vanished 65
million years ago.

A. So they
B. They
C. Until their
D. Until they

13. Without the proper card installed inside the computer, _____ impossible to run a
graphics program.

A. is definitely
B. because of
C. it is
D. when

14. _____ creation of such a community was a desirable step, the requisite political
upheaval had to be accepted.

A. Since the
B. The
C. Later, the
D. It was the

15. Most fishes and many reptiles have ribs along most of the spine, but in mammals
_____ only in the chest area.

A. they are found

B. finding them
C. they finding
D. are found
Part 4

1. Today, the truth of _____ at little bighorn remains a mystery

A. Happened
B. It happened
C. What happened
D. What happening

2. No single factor explains why _____ vary so greatly among individuals.

A. Aging affect
B. The effects of aging
C. Aging has an effect
D. The aging effect

3. Lack of clarity about _____ the party in the coming year will be removed at party’s
convention.

A. Will lead
B. Lead
C. They will lead
D. Who will lead

4. Minute Man National Historical Park is a monument to where ______

A. The beginning of the Revolutionary War

B. In the beginning of the Revolutionary War
C. The revolutionary war to begin
D. The revolutionary war began

5. ______ a cheese shop has since grown into a small conglomerate consisting of
catering business and two retail stores.

A. In the beginning of
B. began as
C. Its beginning
D. What began as

6. Disturbances in seabed slope which have occurred over short periods of time have
caused scientists to believe ______ more extensive than at first thought.

A. that tectonic drift is

B. and tectonic drift
C. is tectonic drift
D. that tectonic drifting
7. By the end of 1609, Galileo had a 20-power telescope that enabled him to see
______ planets revolving around jupiter.

A. The call is
B. He called
C. To call him
D. What he called

8. The National Institute of Dental Research estimates ______ in flouridated areas

have about 25 percent less tooth decay than children elsewhere.

A. For school children

B. School children’s
C. That school children
D. That for school children

9. ______ continue to pollute the ocean with all forms of contamination from sewage
to solid wastes such as plastic containers remains a mystery to environmentalists.

A. Although people
B. People that
C. Why people
D. Those people that

10. Historical linguists study ______ over time.

A. Language evolve
B. Whether language evolution
C. How languages evolve
D. Evolution that languages

11. ______ that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial
expressions.

A. Anthropologists have discovered

B. Anthropologists discovering
C. The discovery by anthropologists
D. Discovered by anthropologists

12. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ______ best in its climate
and soil.

A. it grows
B. what grows
C. does it grow
D. what does it grow
13. ______ to space travelers is high acceleration or deceleration forces.

A. Danger can be
B. They can be dangerous
C. What can be dangerous
D. While danger

14. About 4000 B.C., humans discovered that ______ obtained from special rocks
called ores.

A. metal could be
B. the ability of metallic
C. possibly metallic
D. could metals be

15. It is not clear whether the subdivisions of the neocortex ______ units.

A. individual
B. are individual
C. they are individual
D. individually
Part 5

1. This new service will be available to all users _______ up for paid membership.

A. who signed
B. whom signed it
C. which signed
D. sign

2. It is a story of hardship _______ our own situation into perspective.

A. puts
B. it puts
C. that it putting
D. which puts

3. The process uses an innovative digital technology _______ the products with as
many colors as the image contains.

A. imprints
B. that imprints it
C. that imprints
D. that it imprints

4. The police were greatly outnumbered by rioters_______ ran into the hundreds.

A. whose figures
B. those figures
C. that its figures
D. its figures that

5. John Smith, _______ of economic crimes, tax evasion and fraud, is being accused of
attempted murder now.

A. he was accused
B. which accused
C. whom was accused
D. who was accused

6. A thermometer is an instrument that _______ temperature.

A. the heat
B. having
C. does not
D. measures
7. In mathematics, a variable is a symbol _______ some element of a set.

A. and representing
B. represents
C. that represents
D. represents that

8. The spiral threads of a spider’s web have a sticky substance on them _______
insects.

A. Traps
B. Trap its
C. Which traps
D. Which it traps

9. _______ is an Indic language which gypsies speak

A. It is Romany which
B. Romany
C. Romany which
D. That Romany

10. _______ a book that contains information about the yearly movements of the sun
and the moon

A. An almanac is
B. An almanac which is
C. An almanac
D. That an almanac is

11. In a parliamentary system, it is not the monarch but the prime minister_______

A. whom the real power

B. who has the real power
C. whom has the real power
D. who the real power

12. Partnership is an association of two or more individuals who _______ together to

develop a business.

A. are work
B. they work
C. work
D. working
13. Geothermal energy is a potentially inexhaustible energy source _______ been
tapped by humans for centuries but, until recent years, only on a small scale

A. has it
B. has
C. that has
D. that it has

14. _______ executive and administrative authority in the United States government
rests with a President who is elected for a four-year term.

A. That the
B. The
C. It is the
D. There is the

15. As First Lady of the United States, Barbara Bush made her main project, the
eradication of Illiteracy, an issue _______ long concerned her.

A. which had
B. who had
C. that it had
D. had
Part 1

In the philosophy of John Dewey, a sharp distinction is made between “intelligence"

and "reasoning.” According to Dewey, intelligence is the only absolute way to achieve a
balance between realism and idealism, between practicality and wisdom of life. Intelligence
involves "interacting with other things and knowing them," while reasoning is merely the act
of an observer, "... a mind that beholds or grasps objects outside the world of things. . . ."
With reasoning, a level of mental certainty can be achieved, but it is through intelligence that
control is taken of events that shape one's life.

1. What is the topic of this passage?

A. The intelligence of John Dewey

B. Distinctions made by John Dewey
C. Deweys ideas on the ability to reason
D. How intelligence differs from reasoning in Dewey's works

Nitrogen fixation is a process by which nitrogen is continuously fed into biological

circulation. In this process, certain algae and bacteria convert nitrogen into ammonia (NH,).
This newly created ammonia is then for the most part absorbed by plants.
The opposite process of denitrification returns nitrogen to the air. During the process
of denitrification, bacteria cause some of the nitrates from the soil to convert into gaseous
nitrogen or nitrous oxide (N20). In this gaseous form the nitrogen returns to the atmosphere.

2. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

A. The Process of Nitrogen Fixation

B. Two Nitrogen Processes
C. The Return of Nitrogen to the Air
D. The Effect of Nitrogen on Plant Life
 Fort Knox, Kentucky, is the site of a U.S. army post, but it is even more renowned for
the Fort Knox Bullion Depository, the massive vault that contains the bulk of the U.S.
government's gold deposits. Completed in 1936, the vault is housed in a two-story building
constructed of granite, steel, and concrete; the vault itself is made of steel and concrete and
has a door that weighs more than twenty tons. Naturally, the most up-to-date security devices
available are in place at Fort Knox, and the army post nearby provides further protection.

3. Which of the following best describes the topic of the passage?

A. The city of Fort Knox, Kentucky

B. The federal gold depository
C. The U.S. army post at Fort Knox
D. Gold bullion

4. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

A. The Massive Concrete Vault

B. Fort Knox Security
C. Where the U.S. Keeps Its Gold
D. A Visit to Kentucky

One identifying characteristic of minerals is their relative hardness, which can be

determined by scratching one mineral with another. In this type of test, a harder mineral can
scratch a softer one, but a softer mineral is unable to scratch the harder one. The Molls'
hardness scale is used to rank minerals according to hardness. Ten minerals are listed in this
scale, ranging from talc with a hardness of 1 to diamond with a hardness of 10. On this scale,
quartz (number 7) is harder than feldspar (number 6 ) and is therefore able to scratch it;
however, feldspar is unable to make a mark on quartz.

5. Which of the following best states the subject of this passage?

A. The hardness of diamonds

B. Identifying minerals by means of a scratch test
C. Feldspar on the Mohs' scale
D. Recognizing minerals in their natural state

6. The main idea of this passage is that

A. the hardness of a mineral can be determined by its ability to make a mark on other
minerals
B. diamonds, with a hardness of 10 on the Mohs’ scale, can scratch all other minerals
C. a softer mineral cannot be scratched by a harder nineral
D. talc is the firsf mineral listed on the Mohs’ scale
 Hurricanes generally occur in the North Atlantic from May through November, with
the peak of the hurricane season in September; only rarely will they occur from December
through April in that part of the ocean. The main reason for the occurrence of hurricanes
during this period is that the temperature on the water’s surface is at its warmest and the
humidity of the air is at its highest.
Of the tropical storms that occur each year in the North Atlantic, only about five, on
the average, are powerful enough to be called hurricanes. To be classified as a hurricane, a
tropical storm must have winds reaching speeds of at least 117 kilometres per hour, but the
winds are often much stronger than that; the winds of intense hurricanes can easily surpass
240 kilometres per hour.

7. The passage mainly discusses

A. how many hurricanes occur each year

B. the strength of hurricanes
C. the weather in the North Atlantic
D. hurricanes in one part of the world

8. The best title for this passage would be

A. The North Atlantic Ocean

B. Storms of the Northern Atlantic
C. Hurricanes: The Damage and Destruction
D. What Happens from May through November
 Henry W adsworth Longfellow (1807-1882) was perhaps the best-known American
poet of the ninetecnth'century. His clear writing style and emphasis on the prevalent values
of the period made him popular with the general public if not always with the critics He was
particularly recognized o his longer narrative poems Evangeline, The Song ofHiawatha, and
The Courtship of Miles Standish, in which he told stories from American history in terms of
the values of the time.
Evangeline was set during the French and Indian War (1754-1763), when the British
forced French settlers from Nova Scotia; two lovers, Gabriel and Evangeline, were separated
by the British, and Evangeline devoted her lifetime to the search for Gabriel. With its emphasis
on sentimental, undying love, Evangeline was immensely popular with the public.
In The Song of Hiawatha, Longfellow depicted the noble life of the American Indian
throug e story of the brave Hiawatha and his beloved wife Minehaha. The tear-inspiring poem
follows Hiawatha through the tragedies and triumphs of life, ending with the death of
Mmehaha an Hiawatha’s departure into the sunset in his canoe.
The Courtship of Miles Standish takes place during the early period of the settlement
of New England, a period which was viewed as a time of honor and romance. In this poem
centered around a love trianele, Miles Standish asks his friend John Alden to propose to
Priscilla Mullins for him; John Alden end's up marrying Priscilla Mullins himself, and it takes
time for his friendship with Miles Standish to recover. As with Longfellow's other narrative
poems, the emphasis on high ideals and romance made the poem extremely popular.

9. Which of the following best describes the main idea of the passage?

A. American history is often depicted in poetry.

B. Longfellow described American history even though people really did not enjoy it.
C. The popularity of Longfellow’s poems results from his stress on the values of the
people.
D. Longfellow wrote long narrative poems that were not always popular with the critics.

10. The best title of the passage is

A. Longfellow’s Popular Appeal

B. Historical Narrative Poems
C. The Lyric, Dramatic, and Narrative Poems of Longfellow
D. Longfellow and the Critics
Part 2

Williamsburg is a historic city in Virginia situated on a peninsula between two rivers,

the York and the James. It was settled by English colonists in 1633, twenty-six years after the
first permanent English colony in America was settled at Jamestown. In the beginning the
colony at Williamsburg was named Middle Plantation because of its location in the middle of
the peninsula. The site for Williamsburg had been selected by the colonists because the soil
drainage was better there than at the Jamestown location, and there were fewer mosquitoes.

1. According to the passage, Williamsburg is located

A. on an island
B. in the middle of a river
C. where the York and the James meet
D. on a piece of land with rivers on two sides

2. The passage indicates that Jamestown

A. was settled in 1633

B. was settled twenty-six years after Williamsburg
C. was the first permanent English colony in America
D. was originally named Middle Plantation

3. The passage states that the name Middle Plantation

A. is a more recent name than Williamsburg

B. derived from the location of the colony on the peninsula
C. refers to the middle part of England that was home to the colonists
D. was given to the new colony because it was located in the middle of several
plantations
 Ice ages, those periods when ice covered extensive areas of the Earth, are known to
have occurred at least six times. Past ice ages can be recognized from rock strata that show
evidence of foreign materials deposited by moving walls of ice or melting glaciers. Ice ages
can also be recognized from land formations that have been produced from moving walls of
ice, such as U-shaped valleys, sculptured landscapes, and polished rock faces.

4. According to the passage, what happens during an ice age?

A. Rock strata are recognized by geologists.

B. Evidence of foreign materials is found.
C. Ice covers a large portion of the Earth’s surface.
D. Ice melts six times.

5. The passage covers how many different methods of recognizing past ice ages?

A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four

6. According to the passage, what in the rock strata is a clue to geologists of a past ice
age?

A. Ice
B. Melting glaciers
C. U-shaped valleys
D. Substances from other areas
 The human heart is divided into four chambers, each of which serves its own function
in the cycle of pumping blood. The atria are the thin-walled upper chambers that gather blood
as it flows from the veins between heartbeats. The ventricles are the thick-walled lower
chambers that receive blood from the atria and push it into the arteries with each contraction
of the heart. The left atrium and ventricle work separately from those on the right. The role
of the chambers on the right side of the heart is to receive oxygen-depleted blood from the
body tissues and send it on to the lungs; the chambers on the left side of the heart then
receive the oxygen-enriched blood from the lungs and send it back out to the body tissues.

7. The passage indicates that the ventricles

A. have relatively thin walls

B. send blood to the atria
C. are above the atria
D. force blood into the arteries

8. According to the passage, when is blood pushed into the arteries from the ventricles?

A. As the heart beats

B. Between heartbeats
C. Before each contraction of the heart
D. Before it is received by the atria

9. According to the passage, which part of the heart gets blood from the body tissues
and passes it on to the lungs?

A. The atria
B. The ventricles
C. The right atrium and ventricle
D. The left atrium and ventricle
 The Golden Age of Railroads refers to the period from the end of the Civil War to the
beginning of World War I when railroads flourished and, in fact, maintained a near monopoly
in mass transportation in the United States. One of the significant developments during the
period was the notable increase in uniformity, particularly through the standardization of
track gauge and time.
At the end of the Civil War, only about half of the nation's railroad track was laid at
what is now the standard gauge of 1.4 meters; much of the rest, particularly in the southern
states, had a 1.5-meter gauge. During the postwar years, tracks were converted to the 1.4
meter gauge, and by June 1, 1886, the standardization of tracks was completed, resulting in
increased efficiency and economy in the rail system.
A further boon to railroad efficiency was the implementation of standard time in 1883.
With the adoption of standard time, four time zones were established across the country,
thus simplifying railroad scheduling and improving the efficiency of railroad service.

10. According to the passage, the Golden Age of Railroads

A. occurred prior to the Civil War

B. was a result of World War 1
C. was a period when most of U.S. mass transportation was controlled by the railroads
D. resulted in a decrease in uniformity of track gauge

11. The passage mentions that which of the following occurred as a result of uniformity
of track gauge?

A. The Civil War

B. Improved economy in the transportation system
C. Standardization of time zones
D. Railroad schedules

12. The passage indicates that standard time was implemented

A. before the Civil War

B. on June 1,1886
C. after World War I
D. before standardized track gauge was established throughout the United States