SECTION: TITLE

TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD.

TCE.M6-EL-718-6000 SHEET ( i ) OF (v)
DC SYSTEM

DESIGN GUIDE
FOR
DC SYSTEM

FILE NAME : M6-EL-6000-R4

REV.NO R1 R2 R3 R4 ISSUE

INITIALS SIGN INITIALS SIGN INITIALS SIGN INITIALS SIGN

PPD.BY CPS Sd/- RRN Sd/- RRN Sd/- DRS R4

CKD.BY DKB/DDRC Sd/- VS Sd/- VS Sd/- SJH

APP.BY DKB Sd/- UAK Sd/- UAK Sd/- VS

DATE 92-09-04 97-03-31 99-03-02 02-03-28

FORM NO. 020R2

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TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD. REV. STATUS
TCE.M6-EL-718-6000 SHEET (ii) OF (v)
DC SYSTEM

REVISION STATUS

REV. NO DATE DESCRIPTION

R3 99-03-02

1.Design guides for Lead Acid

battery-(M6-EL-BT-6000 R2),NiCad
battery (M6-EL-BT-6000A R1) and
battery Chargers(M6-EL-BC-6004
R2) have been combined to make a
composite design guide on the ‘DC
System’.

2. In addition the loads considered

for emergency lighting , auxiliary
relays and indicating lamps have
been revised.

3.Section 4.0 providing

recommendation for quantities of
batteries in different installations has
been revised.

R4 02-03-27 1.Recommendation for quantity of

batteries and type and quantity of
battery chargers for coal handling
plant and switchyard have been
revised .

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DC SYSTEM

CONTENTS
PART-A
LEAD ACID BATTERY

SL.NO. TITLE SHEET NO.

1.0 SCOPE 2

2.0 TYPES OF LEAD ACID CELLS 2

3.0 SELECTION OF DC VOLTAGE LEVELS 3

4.0 QUANTITIES OF BATTERIES 5

5.0 AMPERE HOUR CAPACITY SIZING 6

6.0 INSTALLATION OF BATTERY 11

7.0 REFERENCES 13

APPENDIX-1 TYPICAL EMERGENCY LOADS 14

APPENDIX-2 RATING AND DESIGNATION 16

CAPACITIES AND DIMENSIONS OF TUBULAR CELLS 18

CAPACITIES AND FINAL CELL VOLTAGE OF HDP

TUBULAR CELLS AT VARIOUS RATES OF
DISCHARGE AT 27deg.C 19

CAPACITIES AT 27deg.C AT VARIOUS RATES OF

DISCHARGE OF TYPE II HDP CELLS (TUBULAR) 20

PERFORMANCE CURVES TYPE-II HDP CELLS

(TUBULAR) 21

CAPACITIES AND DIMENSIONS OF PLANTE CELLS 23

APPENDIX-3 BATTERY SIZING - SAMPLE CALCULATION 24

APPENDIX-4 TYPICAL BATTERY ROOM PLAN 31

SAMPLE WORK SHEET 32

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CONTENTS
PART-B
NICAD BATTERY
SL.NO. TITLE SHEET NO.
1.0 SCOPE 35

2.0 DIFFERENT TYPES OF NICAD CELLS 35

3.0 PERFORMANCE CHARECTERISTICS 35

4.0 APPLICATIONS OF NICAD BATTERIES 38

5.0 MODE OF OPERATION 39

6.0 NUMBER OF CELLS 40

7.0 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS FOR SIZING NICAD

BATTERIES 41

8.0 INSTALLATION 42

9.0 BATTERY SIZING CALCULATIONS 43

10.0 SPECIFYING THE BATTERY 44

11.0 REFERENCES 45

APPENDIX-1 CELL DESIGNATION 46

PREFERRED DIMENSIONS 47

DISCHARGE DATA FOR NICAD BATTERY 48

(L,M & H TYPE CELLS)

TEMPERATURE CORRECTION
FACTOR CURVES 64
APPENDIX-2 SAMPLE CELL SIZING CALCULATION 67
CELL SIZING WORK SHEET 69

APPENDIX-3 COMPARISION OF NICAD BATTERIES

WITH LEAD ACID BATTERIES 71

SAMPLE WORK SHEET 72

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CONTENTS
PART-C
BATTERY CHARGER
SL.NO. TITLE SHEET NO.

1.0 SCOPE 75

2.0 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 75

3.0 DISCUSSION 79

4.0 ENCLOSURES
i) FLOAT CUM BOOST
CHARGER WITH TCE.M2-EL-CW-S-2631 R1
2 x 100% BATTERIES

ii) FLOAT CUM BOOST

CHARGER WITH TCE.M2-EL-CW-S-2632 R1
1 x 100% BATTERY

iii) FLOAT AND BOOST

CHARGER WITH TCE.M2-EL-CW-S-2633 R1
1 x 100% BATTERY

iv) FLOAT AND BOOST

CHARGER WITH TCE.M2-EL-CW-S-2634 R1
1 x 100% BATTERY

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DC SYSTEM
PART – A : LEAD ACID BATTERY

PART-A
LEAD ACID BATTERY

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PART – A : LEAD ACID BATTERY

1.0 SCOPE

This design guide outlines the recommendation for the determination

of voltage level, capacity, quantities and installation of DC battery of
lead acid storage type required for providing DC power supply to
essential services in the plant when the normal power supply fails.
This also gives consideration to the safe shut down of the plant as
well as human safety.

1.1 This section (Part –A) of this guide pertains to lead acid batteries and
also includes a few recommendations applicable to NiCad batteries
also like selecting voltage levels. The sizing criteria for Nickel
Cadmium batteries are dealt in Part – B of this design guide and
Part – C of this guide covers details about Battery chargers .

2.0 VARIOUS TYPES OF LEAD ACID CELLS

2.1 The plante type cells are more rugged, need less maintenance and
have a life expectancy of about 15-18 years, which is 5-7 years longer
than that for tubular type. However, the plante type battery is costlier
than the tubular type. All the manufacturers make tubular cells while
very few manufacturers make plante cell.

2.2 The cells with tubular plate construction are smaller in size than the
plante type for a given AH rating.

2.3 The following types of tubular cells are available in the market in
addition to standard variety :

a) High Discharge Performance (HDP)

b) Maintenance Free-Valve Regulated (MF-VR)
c) Low-Maintenance (LM) type

2.4 The capacity of HDP cells under short duration discharge conditions
are higher than that of normal tubular batteries and are comparable to
that of Plante type batteries. Hence the capacity of battery required
will be smaller than that with the standard performance cells for
applications requiring high discharge currents for short duration.
Hence these cells are preferred for power plant applications.

2.5 The MF-VR cells require minimal attention from operation /

maintenance staff and are stated to need no topping up of distilled
water and no regular equalising charges. This type is well suited in
the plants where organised maintenance is infrequent. The low

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maintenance cells have grids made of low-antimony lead and require

topping up only once in a year or so even at higher float voltages like
2.25 VpC. Hence this type also is well suited for plants where
organised maintenance is infrequent or standalone substations in the
distribution system or medium or small scale industries or where
battery capacity is less than 300/500 AH.

2.6 The operating experience of the MF-VR and LM type cells for large
capacities is limited and very few manufacturers make the same.
Hence the sizing of these cells is not being discussed in the present
guide and use of these cells may be decided on case to case basis.

2.7 The recommended float voltage for lead acid batteries is between
2.16 V and 2.25V/ cell. The recommended boost charging duration is
10 hours in case of smaller capacity batteries and 14 to 16 hours for
larger capacities (1000 AH and above). The recommended maximum
boost charger voltage is 2.75 V/cell. The recommended equalising
charge voltage is 2.33 VpC.

3.0 SELECTION OF DC VOLTAGE LEVELS

3.1 The voltage level selection for the plant shall consider the following
aspects :

a) Quantum of power

b) Individual load point power ratings, quantum of such load points

and the geographic spread of the load points

c) Standard voltages suitable for the equipment

3.2 For the same power requirement, the battery room size, and battery
cost with higher voltage will be higher than those with lower voltage.
However, the lower voltage requires higher current for the loads and
hence to meet this current and to limit the voltage drop within limits
cable sizes will be higher than those with higher voltage. Considering
all the aspects following voltage levels are recommended.

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3.2.1 Power Plant

3.2.1.1 Large power plants (Coal based)

a) For electrical power, - 220 V DC

control & protection
requirements

b) I&C system Normally most of the I&C

vendors' systems are suitable
for +24V or 48V DC.The
voltage level shall be fixed
after I&C system requirement
is finalised.

c) Isolated auxiliary plants - 30 V DC or 110 V DC like raw

water pump house (dedicated
battery if running lengths of
cables from the main plant is
comparatively much higher)

d) Switchyards - 220 V DC (If switchyard has

got separate control building)

e) Coal handling plant - 110 V DC/220 V DC

3.2.1.2 Gas based/diesel/Hydro - 110 V/220 V DC power plants

including captive power plants
3.2.2 Industrial Plants

a) Large plants with many - 220 V DC

load points and distributed
in large area

b) Small plants with - 110 V DC

multiple load points and
outdoor substations

c) Small plants with very - 30 V DC

few switchboards / load points

d) For process control - Generally 24/48V (As

required by the I&C system
design)

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4.0 QUANTITIES OF BATTERIES

4.1 Power Plants
4.1.1 a) In case of unit sizes upto 250 MW, each unit shall be provided
with one battery and also, a separate battery shall be provided
for the common services of these units and switchyard load. The
unit and common services batteries shall be sized to cater one
unit and station service loads so that one serves as a standby to
the other.

b) For instrumentation and control system two 100% batteries for

each unit shall be provided.

c) If switchyard is having a separate control building one 100%

battery shall be provided for the switchyard with a tie feeder from
station DCDB for two unit stations non expandable having upto
220 kV switchyard. The DCDB shall have two bus sections and
the bus coupler shall be normally kept open.

d) For coal handling plant DC power requirements, one 100 %

battery and a tie from station DCDB shall be provided. The
DCDB shall have only one bus section with two incomers and
with tie from station DCDB normally kept open. If distance is
large , from voltage drop point of view, two(2) nos. 100 %
batteries shall be provided. For unit sizes < 100 MW , two(2)
nos. tie feeders shall be provided from station DCDB with a
DCDB in the coal handling control room or individual feeders
shall be brought to each panel requiring DC supply.

4.1.2 For large power units (500 MW and above) and nuclear power plants,
for each unit, the 220V DC unit loads shall be divided into two
categories, e.g.

a) D.C. power loads comprising D.C. motor drives, solenoids,

emergency lighting , etc.

b) D.C. control loads comprising tripping and closing circuits,

indicating lamps, protection and control panels, safety-
supervisory systems etc.

Each category of loads will be catered to by a separate 220V battery

and battery charger system. There will be three 50% rated
batteries.Each battery is capable of catering to 50 % power loads of
unit ( since the power load requirement of 500MW unit is very huge )
and entire control load of unit. Normally two of the three batteries will

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cater power loads and the third one will be catering control loads.

For switchyard , two (2) nos. 100 % batteries shall be provided for
large stations with 220 kV switchyard and for all plants having 400 kV
switchyard. The DCDB shall have two bus sections with bus coupler
open with each section from different source and duplicate outgoing
feeders from two different bus section.

For coal handling plants DC loads – one (1) 100 % battery and a tie
feeder from station DCDB shall be provided. The DCDB shall have
one bus section with two incomers and tie feeder from station DCDB
normally kept open. If distance is large , from voltage drop point of
view, two(2) nos. 100 % batteries shall be provided.

4.1.3 Gas Power Plants

The battery and charging equipment for each gas turbine is supplied
by gas turbine supplier as part of the package.It is recommended to
have each unit battrery rated to cater two gas turbine units.and a tie
feeder is provided between one unit DCDB to another unit DCDB.

The station and STG DC loads shall be catered by provision of

2X100% batteries .

If switchyard and station building is seperate from the main plant

control building, a separate 1X 100% dedicated battery and a tie
feeder from station DCDB shall be provided for small units having 220
kV switchyard. For large stations with 220 kV switchyard and for
stations having 400 kV switchyard , two (2) nos. 100 % batteries shall
be provided . DCDB shall have two bus sections with bus coupler
open with each section from different source and duplicate feeders
from two different bus sections.

For catering I&C loads , it is recommended to have 2X 100% rated

batteries for each unit.

4.1.4 Separate batteries with chargers are required to be provided for UPS
for power plants. For details please refer to design guide M6-CL-AU-
G-715-6011 for UPS.

4.2 Industrial Plants and Small Power Plants

Two 1X 100% rated batteries to cater for all the emergency power,
control and protection requirements of the plant. Shall be provided.

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However, it shall be firmed up based on the quantum of the load

points and their geographic location.

A separate battery may be required for instrumentation, control and

annunciation requirement for process purposes. The specific
requirements in each case shall be ascertained.

Separate batteries with chargers are required to be provided for UPS

for Industrial and Small power plants. Possibility of using the same
station battery for UPS as well may be explored on a case to case
basis.

4.3 The recommendations on quantities are included int Part – C of this

design guide in Tabular form.

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5.0 AMPERE HOUR CAPACITY SIZING

5.1 The capacity of a cell or battery as defined in Indian standards 1651

& 1652 is expressed in Ah, at 27deg.C, attainable when the cell or
battery is discharged at the 10-hour rate to an end voltage of 1.85 V
per cell. The capacity is a function of number of positive plates per
cell.

5.2 The battery capacity is influenced by the factors listed below.

a) Duty cycle
b) End of the duty cycle voltage
c) Temperature correction factor
d) Compensation for ageing
e) Design margin

5.2.1 Duty cycle

a) At the time of power supply failure, the battery is required to

supply D.C. power requirements of essential circuits for safe
shut down of the station, vital instrumentation, controls,
communication system, DC annunciation and emergency
lighting.

b) In power plants and some industrial plants an emergency diesel

generator is available, which will provide a.c. power to the
battery charger after the period required to start and connect it
to the emergency AC bus. However, the battery size shall be
calculated on the assumption that the engine driven generator
may fail to start or operate satisfactorily.

c) The duration for which each type of D.C. load will have to be
supplied by battery when the normal power supply fails is
different. The same may be continuous or for short time duration
or momentary. In a typical power plant the DC power, control &
protection loads and their classification based on duration for
which they need to be supplied are as follows.

Time duration Loads (Amperes)

i) Upto 1 minute * Trip relay / Trip coil currents of

circuit breakers.

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* Starting currents of all

automatically started D.C.
motors.

* DC motor operated emergency

steam stop valves.

* Solenoid valves for isolation,

safety relief, minimum
recirculation etc.

* Inrush currents of supervisory

safety system for fuel, turbine
and generator controls.

ii) Upto one(1) hour * Emergency oil pump

* Jacking oil pump
* Steam generator control panels
(including FSSS, Mill panels)

iii) Upto two(2) hours * D.C. seal oil pump

* Scanner air fan
* D.C. emergency lighting
* P.A. system
* Annunciation (20%)

iv) Upto 10 hours * Indicating lamps / Semaphore

indicators in switchgears/control
panels
* Control room emergency lighting
* Annunciation (10%)
• Auxiliary relay ( which are likely
to be energized during black out
condition )

d) A table of loads indicating their power requirement and duration

shall be prepared and a load curve for the battery shall be
established. Appendix-1 indicates a table for typical emergency
DC loads. Appendix-3 indicates a list of equipment and their
typical D.C. loads for a 210 MW unit. It is recommended that
project specific loads for DC motors, T.G. & S.G. vendor loads
and inrush currents shall be obtained before proceeding with the
sizing.

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e) I&C battery for power plant application shall be sized to cater the
loads for half hour. The loads to be considered shall be the
maximum load of I&C system at any operating condition viz
starting, running and tripping/stopping.

5.2.2 End of duty cycle voltage

a) The allowable end of duty cycle voltage of a battery has a major

role in determination of the capacity of the battery. This in turn is
dependent on the limits of system voltages that can be
withstood by D.C. equipment. The D.C. equipment are generally
rated to operate between +10% and -15% of their rated value
with certain exceptions like trip coils and trip relays which can
accept lower voltages.

b) Manufacturers recommend a float voltage ranging from 2.06V to

2.3 volts per cell, for different float voltage adopted, the required
frequency of equalising charges are given below.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Float Voltage Per Cell Approximate
periodicity of
equalising charges
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.25 No equalising charges
2.20 12 months
2.15 3 months
2.10 1 month
2.06 2 weeks
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

c) It is desirable to keep the float voltages as high as the D.C.

system can accept to minimise frequency of equalising charges.
It is recommended to keep a float voltage of 2.2V per cell.

However, this shall be confirmed from the battery supplier

specific to the project.

i) Considering the above, the number cells of a battery are

selected as :

Max.allowable DC voltage - Regulation due to charger

---------------------------------------------------------------
Float voltage per cell
ii) The end of duty cycle cell voltage is determined
by

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Min. allowable D.C. voltage + Cable drop

-------------------------------------------------
No. of cells

d) Typical values for 220V DC system and 24V DC systems are

given in the table below:
Sl. System Max.allow Min.allowable No.of End of duty cycle
No able voltage cells voltage
voltage
1 220V 242V 187V 108 1 min - 1.75V /
cell 1,2 HRS &
10 hours -
1.85V/cell
2 24V 30V* 21.5V* 13 1.8V/cell

* To be ascertained on project to project basis

Note : For 110V & 30V plant DC systems, the details can be worked
out in the same manner as for 220V system above.

e) The cable drop to be considered in DC system shall be 2% from

the charger/battery to Distribution board and 3% from board to
any feeder in case of 220V DC system.

f) In case of 24V DC system to keep the voltage drop

within 5% limit, the cable sizes between DC board and I&C
cabinets are very large and sometimes impractical to terminate.
Hence for 24V system a total drop of 7.5% (2.5% between board
and charger/battery and 5% between board and individual loads)
is recommended.

5.2.3 Temperature correction factor

The standard temperature for stating cell capacity is 27deg.C. If the

lowest expected electrolyte temperature is below 27deg.C, a cell large
enough to have the required capacity available at the lowest expected
temperature shall be selected. The lowest electrolyte temperature
shall be considered as 10o above minimum ambient temperature. If
the lowest expected temperature is above 27deg.C, no correction
factor shall be applied. The correction factor shall be calculated
according to the formula:

Correction factor = / K \
for the lowest | 1 + -------- (27-T) |

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expected electrolyte | 100 |

temperature, Tdeg.C \ /
The factor 'K' for plante cells is 0.9 and for tubular, 0.43. The
minimum electrolyte temperature (T) shall be considered as 10deg.C
higher than the minimum ambient air temperature at site.

5.2.4 Compensation for age

ANSI/IEEE STG.450-1270 recommends that a battery be replaced

when its actual capacity drops to 80% of its rated capacity. Hence a
factor of 1.25 shall be considered for ageing.

5.2.5 Design margin

When the D.C. loads are more or less final at the time of battery
sizing for tender specification purposes and/or the battery sizing is
being done for a similar plant already executed, no design margin is
considered necessary. If the sizing is being done for a new type of
project or with very little confirmed loads, a design margin of 10 to
15% shall be provided over the final capacity arrived.

While sizing the battery for nuclear power plant applications, it shall
be noted that the "margins" required by IEEE STD.323-1273. 6.3.15
& 6.3.3 are to be applied during "Qualification" and are not related to
"design margin".

5.3 Calculation of Ampere Hour Capacity

The plante and tubular high discharge performance cells have better
capacity factors at the short duration discharges (1 hour, 2 hours
etc.). For durations less than one hour, the above types of cells have
higher capacity factor than the tubular standard discharge
performance cell. Hence for power plant application and for
applications where short duration loads are appreciable high
discharge performance cell shall be used.

The capacity of the battery shall then be determined in accordance

with the procedure outlined in Appendix-3.

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6.0 INSTALLATION

6.1 Battery cells shall be installed in a separate battery room, preferably

near the D.C.load. The 24V batteries shall be in the same floor as
I&C cabinets and as near as possible. Fig.4 included in design guide
TCE.M6-EL-PJ-G-SG-6602 R1 (GA of Turbine Building Electrical
Equipment & Space Organisation) indicates a typical battery Room
Plan (Copy of Fig.4 enclosed as Appendix-4 for ready reference).

6.2 The flooring shall be provided with acid resistance tiles, a dished floor
drain and drainage piping for collecting spilled acid. The spilled acid
shall be diluted before discharging to the outside storm water
drainage system.

6.3 Acid proof paint shall be provided on walls upto 2.3m height.

6.4 A wash basin shall be provided for emergency drenching of face and
body.

6.5 The total capacity of exhaust fans (suitably distributed) should be

minimum 1/10th of the total volume of the battery room per minute.
The exhaust shall be directly outside the building. However, specific
requirements shall be obtained from the battery manufacturer.

6.6 Separate cable(s) shall be provided for each polarity of the outgoing
battery leads. If the cables are unarmoured they shall be taken in
separate conduits and the conduits shall be PVC coated for
protection against corrosion. Routing of any cables in cable-trays
through battery room shall be avoided.

6.7 Adequate provision for storage of acid, distilled water, instruments,

accessories, etc. should be provided in the battery room.

6.8 During float or boost charging of the lead acid battery hydrogen gas is
generated. The volume of hydrogen gas generated depends on the
amount of charging current. Also, the float current demand of a fully
charged battery will double approximately for every 10deg.C rise
above the base temperature of 27deg.C. Each fully charged cell
produces 4.5 x 10-4 Cu.m (0.016 Cu.pt) hydrogen gas per hour per
charging amperes in an ambient of 25deg.C to 27deg.C. Hydrogen
explosive concentration is reached if the explosives mixture is three
percent of the volume of room air.

6.9 In view of the presence of hydrogen gas, warning signs shall be

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installed outside and inside the room prohibiting smoking, sparks of

flame.

6.10 Lighting fixtures shall be vapour-proof type with reflectors painted with
anticorrosive epoxy-paint. Lighting switch should be outside the
battery room.

7.0 REFERENCES

7.1 IS:1651-1991 : Stationary cells and batteries,lead-acid type

with Tubular positive plates Specification.

7.2 IS:1652-1991 : Stationary cells and batteries, lead-acid

type with Plante' positive plates
Specification.

7.3 IEEE Std 485-1273 : Recommended practice for sizing large lead
acid storage batteries for Generating
Stations and Sub-stations.

7.4 IS:8320-1272 : General requirements and methods of tests

for lead-acid storage batteries

7.5 IS:1885-1965 : Electrotechnical vocabulary -

Secondary cells and batteries.

7.6 IEEE Std. 450-1270 : Recommended practice for maintenance

testing and replacement of large lead
storage batteries for generating stations and
sub-stations.

7.7 IEEE Std. 484-1271 : Recommended practice for Installation

design and installation of large lead storage
batteries for generating stations and sub-
stations.

7.8 IEEE Std. 323-1273 : IEEE Standard for Qualifying class-1E

Equipment for Nuclear Power Generating
Stations.

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PART – A : LEAD ACID BATTERY

APPENDIX-1

TYPICAL EMERGENCY LOADS

STEAM TG
500MW 120MW 210MW
1 a) Bearing oil pump 13kW 15kW 13kW
b) Bearing oil pump for BFPT 2x5.5kW --- ---
c) Bearing oil pump for MBFP 11kW --- ---

2 a) Seal oil pump 13kW 10kW 11kW

b) Seal water pump for BFPS 60kW --- ---

3 Jacking oil pump 35kW 37KW 28KW

4 Scanner air fan ---- 4.4KW 7.5KW

5 Inverter for instruments 5kW 10kW

6 Inverter for PA system 2kW 2kW 2kW

7 Carrier panels <----------- 150watt/ --------->

panel
8 Auxiliary relay (each) <----------- 3watts --------->

9 Auxiliary contactor (each) <----------- 10watts --------->

10 DC emergency lights <----------- Approx. --------->

10% of
normal
lighting

11 UPS load (Incl. DAS, 55kVA 45KVA 30kVA

transmitters, controllers)

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APPENDIX-1 (Cont’d)

TYPICAL EMERGENCY LOADS

STEAM TG
500MW 120MW 210MW
Continuous Loads
1 Annunciator window (each) ß---------------------5W -----------------à
2 Indicating lamp (each) ß -----5-10W For filament type ----à
ß ----1 W For cluster LED type type ---à
3 Auxiliary relays (each) <--------------------3W--------------------------à
4 Auxiliary contactors (each) <--------------------10W-----------------------à
5 Semaphore indicator (each) <--------------------3W------------------------à
6 Control room emergency <---------------------1kW---------------------à
lighting
7 FSSS load ß-------------------10kW---------------------à

NOTES:

1. The data for 120MW and 210MW units are taken from the designed
data for GIPCL and Bhatinda units. All DC motor loads,
electromagnetic valve loads, FSSS loads, instrumentation & control,
UPS loads, other turbine generator supervisory loads should be as far
as possible ascertained from the manufacturers.

2. When starting currents of DC motors are not available it may be

assumed as 3.5 x FL current. If step resistor starting is provided the
starting current may be assumed as 2.5 x FL current.

3. Instrumentation and control loads and annunciation loads may be on

a separate 48 V / 24V battery.

4. For 210 MW unit loads also refer Appendix-3.

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APPENDIX-2

CELL DATA
RATING AND DESIGNATION

1 Ampere-Hour Rating

The rating assigned to the cell shall be the capacity expressed in

ampere-hours (after correction to 27deg.C) stated by the
manufacturer to be obtainable when the cell is discharged at the 10-
hour rate (C10) to a final voltage of 1.85 voltage.

2. Designation

The cell shall be designated by symbols given below, arranged in the

following sequence :

Type of Positive Ah Rating Type of

Plate of Cell Container
(See 2.1) (See 2.2) (See 2.3)

Notes:

1. The plates are not replaced in this type of construction

therefore, this designation does not include the number of
positive plates; and

2. The designation of partially plated cells is not being

standardized because partial plating of cells in this type of
construction is not done.

2.1 The positive plates shall be designated by the letter 'T' for tubular and
'P' for plante.

2.2 The capacity rating shall be indicated by a number equal to the

capacity in Ah.

2.3 The material of container shall be designated by any one of the

following letters as the case may be :

G - for glass;
H - for hard-rubber;
P - for plastics;
W - for wood, lead-lined; or

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F - for fibre reinforced plastics (FRP)

Example : T 400H HDP - designates a high discharge performance

cell having tubular positive plates and a capacity of 400 Ah at 10 hour
rate in hard-rubber container. SOURCE : IS 1651 & 1652 - 1991

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APPENDIX-2 (Cont’d)

CELL DATA
Capacities and Dimensions of
Tubular Cells
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Capacity at Maximum Overall Dimensions
10-Hour Rate ----------------------------------------------------------------------
Length Width Height
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Ah mm mm mm
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20 105 170 365
40 105 170 365
60 140 170 365
80 165 190 365
100 190 190 450
120 190 190 450
150 190 190 550
200 265 215 550
300 320 215 550
400 380 215 550
500 390 235 550
600 390 235 715
800 515 235 715
1000 515 300 750
1500 450 400 865
2000 500 450 865
2500 650 450 865
4000 900 480 1240
5000 900 480 1240
6000 900 500 1240
7000 1100 500 1240
8000 1100 500 1240
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTES :

1. The length and width dimensions given in this table may be

interchanged.

2. In the case of batteries with built-in cell connectors, the height of

the interconnector shall be disregarded.

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3. For capacities not covered in this table, the cell dimensions shall
not exceed the dimensions of the cell of next higher size covered
by this table.

SOURCE : IS 1651 - 1991

APPENDIX - 2 (Cont’d)

Standard Discharge Performance Cells (Tubular)

Capacities and Final Cell Voltage

at various rates of discharge at 27deg.C
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Period of Capacity Ratio : Capacity Final
Discharge Ah capacity (CT) Rating Factor Cell
Hours (T) divided by the 10hr (KT) = (1/2) Voltage
Rated capacity (C10) (Volts)
(1) (2) (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 0.500 2 1.75
2 0.633 3.16 1.78
3 0.717 4.18 1.80
4 0.782 5.12 1.81
5 0.833 6.00 1.82
6 0.879 6.83 1.83
7 0.917 7.63 1.83
8 0.950 8.42 1.84
9 0.979 9.19 1.84
10 1.0 10 1.85
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Source : IS 1651-1991

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APPENDIX - 2 (Cont’d)
CELL DATA

Capacities at 27deg.C at various rates of discharge

Type II High Discharge Performance (HDP) Cells (Tubular)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Period of Capacity Ratio : Capacity Final Remarks
Discharge Ah capacity (CT) Rating Factor Cell
Hours (T) divided by the 10hr (KT) = (1/2) Voltage
Rated capacity (C10) (Volts)
(1) (2) (3) (4)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/60 (1 min) 0.022 0.76 1.75 } M/s Chloride
1/2 (30 min) 0.368 1.36 1.75 } India
0.60 1.67 1.75
1 0.488 2.05 1.80 } M/s Chloride
0.392 2.55 1.85 } India
0.738 2.71 1.78
2 0.714 2.80 1.80 } M/s Chloride
0.597 3.35 1.85 } India
3 0.811 3.77 1.80
4 0.862 4.13 1.81
5 0.90 5.55 1.82
6 0.93 6.45 1.83
7 0.951 7.361 1.83
8 0.971 8.239 1.84
9 0.988 9.109 1.84
10 1.0 10.0 1.85
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Source : IS 1651-1991 & Capacity Rating curves from M/s Chloride India.

NOTE : The above data is applicable for plante cells also. The capacities for
Type-I HDP cells are same as above for discharge rates of 3 hour, 5
hour and 10 hours (ISS does not specify capacities at other discharge
rates for Type-I cells).

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TYPICAL CELL PERFORMANCE CURVES (SH-1)

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APPENDIX - 2 (Cont’d)

CELL DATA
Capacities and Dimensions: Plante Cells
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Capacity at Maximum Overall Dimensions
10-Hour Rate ----------------------------------------------------------
Length Width Height
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Ah mm mm mm
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

20 130 140 225

40 205 140 225
60 205 140 225
80 175 235 370
100 175 235 370
120 175 235 370
150 175 235 370
200 210 235 370
300 290 235 370
400 365 235 370
500 375 310 625
600 375 310 625
800 375 335 625
1000 385 375 635
1500 520 390 635
2000 650 390 635
2500 785 405 130
4000 1160 405 130
5000 1350 515 650
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTES :

1. The length and width dimensions given in this table may be

interchanged.

2. For capacities not covered in this table, the cell dimensions shall
not exceed the dimensions of the cell of next higher size covered
by this table.
Source : IS 1652-1995

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BATTERY DUTY CYCLE DIAGRAM

L
4
=
9
0
0
A

L6 = 84 A

L5 = 186 A

L3 = 46A

L2 = 30A

L1 = 13 A
600
SECTION-1 120
1 60
SECTION-2
SECTION-3
SECTION - 4

DURATION ( MIN )

APPENDIX - 3
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SAMPLE CALCULATION FOR SIZING OF A THERMAL POWER

STATION 220V UNIT BATTERY (210 MW)

LOAD TABULATION

Sl. Load description Qty. Rating 1 min 1 hr. 2hrs. 10 hrs.

no Watts
I. UNIT LOADS
1. Tripping loads ( Prot. Relay + Trip Relay + CB Trip coil )
a. 6.6 kV CBs 34 300 10,200
b. 415 V CBs 7 250 1,750
2. Turb. Generator
a. E.O.P. 1 13,000 32,500* 13,000
b. DC seal oil pump 1 11,000 27,500* - 11,000
c. Jacking oil pump 1 28,000 70,000* 28,000
d. Others 2,000 2,000
3 Steam generator 10,000 - 10,000
DC CSP (includes
FSSS, mill panel)
4. Main steam stop 2 4,000 10,000
valve
5. Scanner air fan 1 7,500 18,750 * - 7,500
6. Emergency lighting - - 5000 1000
7. Indicating lamps 400 1# 400
8. Annunciation 10 5 100 50
windows
9. Auxiliary relays LS LS 600 (200
nos @ 3W
each )
II STATION LOADS
1. Tripping loads
6.6 kV CBs 70 300 21,000

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415 V CBs 12 250 3,000

2. Indicating lamps 500 1 # 500
3. PA system LS LS 2,000
4. Auxiliary relays LS LS 300
(100 nos
@3W
each )

TOTAL AMPS 894 232 116 13

* Starting currents of motor ( 2.5 times the rated current )

# Cluster LED type indicating lamps

2.0 SIZING CALCULATION

2.1 Battery duty cycle diagram in Sh.24 is constructed as detailed below

from the above DC emergency load list for a typical 210 MW unit.

2.2 Analysis of load data in Sh.25&26 indicates the distribution of loads

with duration as under :

Sl. Duration Load

no In Watts in Amperes
1 0 – 10 hrs. 2850 W 13A

2 1 min. - 2 hrs. (11000+7500) =18500W 84A

3 0 – 2 hrs. (5000-1000) + (100- 50) + 30A

2000 = 6500W
4 1 min. - 1 hr. (28000+13000) = 41000 W 186A

5 0 – 1 hr. (51000 -(13000+28000)) 46A

=10000 W

6 0 - 1 min. 196680 W 894A

NOTE: These loads are arrived at taking care to see that loads are not
repeated under the same time duration , for example in (0-1hr) load
duration the load would be (51000-(13000+28000))=10000,
(13000+28000) being subtracted from the total load as the same is
already considered under (1minute -1hr )load.

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2.3 The cell sizing data that will be useful in filling out the cell sizing work
sheet is derived from the duty cycle diagram and tabulated as below :

Cell sizing data

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
period Loads Total Amperes Duration (min)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. L1+L2+L3+L4 983 1
2. L1+L2+L3+L5+L6 359 59
3. L1+L2+L6 127 60
4. L1 13 480
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.4 Capacity rating factors (KT) are derived from the table for HDP, Type
II tubular lead acid cells enclosed in Appendix-2. (These can be read
from the curves enclosed in Appendix-2 also).

2.5 Sh.29 &30 shows the way in which the cell sizing work sheet and the
KT rating factor would be used to size the battery for the duty cycle
indicated.

2.6 Design margin

Considered as 1.0 since the loads for 210 MW thermal power plant
are well established.

2.7 Temperature correction factor :

Minimum ambient temperature for the installation is 7deg.C. Hence,
the lowest expected electrolyte temperature to be considered (in
accordance with cl.5.2.3) is 17deg.C (=7deg.C+10deg.C)

Temperature correction factor to be applied

0.43 (27-17)
= 1 + -----
100
= 1.043

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NOTES :

1. Tubular cell type HDP-II is considered in the above sample

calculation as the duty requires the cells to deliver high discharge in
short duration (1 hr). However, the same procedure as above can be
followed for sizing the battery using HDP Type-I or standard
discharge performance cells. Data on cell capacities at varying
periods of discharge for standard discharge performance type cells &
for Type-I HDP cells is enclosed in Appendix-2.

2. If plante cells are being sized, the data on capacities for Type II HDP
cells enclosed in Appendix-2 can be used sizing procedure also
remains same except the value of 'K' in formula for temperature
correction factor (Refer cl.5.2.3).

3. Typical DC emergency loads for a 210 MW unit are considered for

the sample calculation above. In case the load cycle diagram for a
particular installation happens to be more complex than the one in the
sample calculation above, IEEE 485-1273 may be referred for further
guidance.

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Project : Date :
Lowest Expected Minimum 1 Min.:1.75V DC Cell Chloride Cell Tubular
Electrolyte Temp : 17oC Cell Voltage : Others: 1.85V DC Mfg. : India Type : HDP, Type-II Sized By : RRN

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Capacity Required Section Size or

Change in Duration Time to End at T Min.
Load Load of Period of Section rate (3)x(6B) = Rated AH
Period (Ampe (Amperes) (minutes) (minutes) K Factor
res) (KT)

Pos Values Neg.Value

LOAD DATA :
A1= 983 A, M1= 1 Min; A2 = 359 A, M2 = 59 Min.
A3= 127 A, M3= 60 Min; A4 = 13 A, M4 = 480 Min.
A5= A, M5= Min; A6 = A, M6 = Min.

Section - 1: First Period only - If A2 is greater than A1, go to Section-2

1 A1=983 A1-0=983 M1=1 T=M1=1 0.76 747 ***
Sec.-1 Total 747 ***

Section - 2: First Two Periods only - If A3 is greater than A2, go to Section-3

1 A1=983 A1-0=983 M1=1 T=M1+M2=60 2.55 2507
2 A2=359 A2-A1= -624 M2=59 T=M2=59 2.55 1591
Sec.-2 Sub Total 2507 1591
Total 916 ***

Section - 3: First Three Periods only - If A4 is greater than A3, go to Section-4

1 A1=983 A1-0=983 M1=1 T=M1+...+M3=120 3.35 3293
2 A2=359 A2-A1= -624 M2=59 T=M2+M3=119 3.35 2090
3 A3=127 A3-A2= -232 M3=60 T=M3=60 2.55 592
Sec.-3 Sub Total 3293 2682
Total 611 ***

Section - 4: First Four Periods only - If A5 is greater than A4 go to Section-5

1 A1=983 A1-0=983 M1=1 T=M1+...+M4=600 10 9830
2 A2=359 A2-A1= -624 M2=59 T=M2+...+M4=599 10 6240
3 A3=127 A3-A2= -232 M3=60 T=M3+M4=540 9.1 2111
4 A4=13 A4-A3= -134 M4=480 T=M4=480 8.2 935
Sec.-4 Sub Total 9830 9286
Total 544 ***

Section - 5: First Five Periods only - If A6 is greater than A4 go to Section-6

1 A1= A1-0= M1= T=M1+...+M5=
2 A2= A2-A1= M2= T=M2+...+M5=
3 A3= A3-A2= M3= T=M3+...+M5=
4 A4= A4-A3= M4= T=M4+M5=
5 A5= A5-A4= M5= T=M5=
Sec.-5 Sub Total
Total ***

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Section - 6: IF LOAD CYCLE HAS MORE THAN 5 LOAD PERIODS, CONTINUE FURTHER IN SIMILAR MANNER.

Section - 7: Random Equipment Load only (if needed)

R AR= AR-0= MR= T=M+R=

Section - 8:
Maximum Section Size = 916

Section - 9:
Random Section Size = -

Section - 10:
Temperature Correction Factor = 1.043

Section - 11:
Design margin = 1.0

Section - 12:
Aging Factor = 1.25

Section - 13:
Uncorrected size = (8) + (9)= 916+ - = 916

Section - 14:
All capacity required = (13) x (10) x (11) x (12) = 916 x 1.043 x 1.0 x 1.25 = 1193 AH

Section - 15:
When AH capacity required is larger than the nearest standard cell, the next larger size cell is required.

Section - 16:
Therefore AH capacity of the cell = 1200 AH

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TYPICAL BATTERY ROOM LAYOUT

FOR DETAILS REFER HARDCOPY

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Project : Date :

Lowest Expected Minimum Cell Cell

Electrolyte Temp : oC Cell Voltage : Mfg. : Type : Sized By :

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Change in Duration Time to End Capacity Required Section Size or

Load Load of Period of Section at T Min.
Period (Amperes) (Amperes) (minutes) (minutes) rate (3)x(6B) = Rated AH
K Factor
(KT)

Pos Values Neg.Value

LOAD DATA :
A1= A, M1= Min; A2 = A, M2 = Min.
A3= A, M3= Min; A4 = A, M4 = Min.
A5= A, M5= Min; A6 = A, M6 = Min.

Section - 1: First Period only - If A2 is greater than A1, go to Section-2

1 A1= A1-0= M1= T=M1= ***
Sec.-1 Total ***

Section - 2: First Two Periods only - If A3 is greater than A2, go to Section-3

1 A1= A1-0= M1= T=M1+M2=
2 A2= A2-A1= M2= T=M2=
Sec.-2 Sub Total
Total ***

Section - 3: First Three Periods only - If A4 is greater than A3, go to Section-4

1 A1= A1-0= M1= T=M1+...+M3=
2 A2= A2-A1= M2= T=M2+M3=
3 A3= A3A2= M3= T=M3=
Sec.-3 Sub Total
Total ***

Section - 4: First Four Periods only - If A5 is greater than A4 go to Section-5

1 A1= A1-0= M1= T=M1+...+M4=
2 A2= A2-A1= M2= T=M2+...+M4=
3 A3= A3-A2= M3= T=M3+M4=
4 A4= A4-A3= M4= T=M4=
Sec.-4 Sub Total
Total ***

Section - 5: First Five Periods only - If A6 is greater than A4 go to Section-6

1 A1= A1-0= M1= T=M1+...+M5=

2 A2= A2-A1= M2= T=M2+...+M5=

3 A3= A3-A2= M3= T=M3+...+M5=
4 A4= A4-A3= M4= T=M4+M5=
5 A5= A5-A4= M5= T=M5=
Sec.-5 Sub Total
Total ***

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Section - 6: IF LOAD CYCLE HAS MORE THAN 5 LOAD PERIODS, CONTINUE FURTHER IN SIMILAR MANNER.

Section - 7: Random Equipment Load only (if needed)

R AR= AR-0= MR= T=M+R=

Section - 8:
Maximum Section Size =

Section - 9:
Random Section Size =

Section - 10:
Temperature Correction Factor =

Section - 11:
Design margin =

Section - 12:
Aging Factor =

Section - 13:
Uncorrected size = (8) + (9)=

Section - 14:
All capacity required = (13) x (10) x (11) x (12)

Section - 15:
When AH capacity required is larger than the nearest standard cell, the next larger size cell is required.

Section - 16:
Therefore AH capacity of the cell = AH

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PART-B
NICAD BATTERY

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PART – B : NICAD BATTERY

1.0 SCOPE

This section outlines the Ni-Cd alkaline station storage battery

performance characteristics, usage and sizing.

2.0 DIFFERENT TYPES OF Ni-Cd BATTERIES

2.1 The most common electrode design for the nickel-cadmium batteries
is the pocket plate type designated by 'P' as per IS:10918-1274. The
active constituents are cadmium in the negative plates and nickel in
the positive plates. The active material in each electrode is enclosed
in metal pockets of finely perforated steel strips. Each plate is
insulated from the next by thin plastic separators. The electrolyte is a
solution of potassium hydroxide in de-ionised water. The resulting
electrochemical reaction produces a nominal discharge voltage of 1.2
volts per cell. The electrolyte takes no part in these reactions and acts
only as an ion conductor. The other electrode designs are sintered
plate(s) and tubular plate(T).

2.2 The cells are further classified as H,M,L and X type based on the
discharge performance of individual designs. The plate type, and the
number of such plates employed in a cell indicate the cell type and
determine its discharge characteristics.

2.3 The cell container is usually translucent polypropelene

plastic.Polypropelene has high strength, it is corrosion free and not
electrically conductive. Cells can also be supplied in stainless steel
containers, if required, to with-stand conditions of high shock and
vibrations. Steel cells are mounted on wooden racks.

3.0 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

3.1 The rated capacity C5 of any cell type is defined as available

amperehours (Ah) at 5 hours discharge rate at 27°C, to an end
voltage of 1.0V/Cell after charging for 8 hours with 0.2C5 A. (In the
U.S. the Ni-Cd capacity is based on 8 hours discharge).

The standard ambient temp. specified by IS:10918 is 27°C, whereas

the Ni-Cd batteries available in Indian market are rated at 20°C +5°C
ambient. The same is adopted in the design guide for the present.

3.2 Normal voltage is 1.2V/Cell

3.3 Open circuit voltage is 1.28 V/Cell.

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PART – B : NICAD BATTERY

3.4 The measure of performance is not the rated Ah capacity but the
battery cell construction. H type cells have thin plates (more plate
area per amount of active material) giving excellent high rate
performance. M and L types have medium thickness plates and thick
plates respectively. For example H-type cell at 15 minutes discharge
can deliver about twice the discharge current compared to an L-type
cell of equal rated capacity.

3.5 The published discharge data for nickel-cadmium cells are most
commonly available in tabular form, in which the current, available
from each cell type, is stated for a given discharge time and end of
discharge voltage. For intermediate times and voltages, it is
necessary to interpolate between the known values (IEEE 1115-
1992).

3.6 There are three manufacturers in India, AMCO (in collaboration with
SAFT,France), SABNIFE POWER SYSTEMS LTD., Hyderabad in
collaboration with M/s Sabnife, Sweden and Punjab Power Packs Ltd.
in collaboration with M/s Alcad Ltd. UK. The available tabulated
discharge performance data from M/s SABNIFE on different types of
cells for varying end cell voltages, is enclosed at Appendix-1.(The cell
designations of Sabnife make cells confirm to IS.S10918-1274). More
details if required, may be obtained from the manufacturers.

3.7 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE

Battery optimum performance is based on cell electrolyte temperature

maintained at 20°-25°C. For temperatures below 20°C a loss of about
0.5% of rated capacity per °C is expected for Ni-Cd battery. No
increase in capacity is to be considered above 20°C. The derating
curves enclosed in Appendix-1 can be used for arriving at the
derating factors appropriate to the lowest expected electrolyte
temperature for the individual installation.

Example:

Cell Type : KPM100P

Cell end Volt : 1.1 V
Discharge time : 30 mins
Min. Ambient temperature : 0°C
Lowest expected electrolyte temp. : 0+10°C ( Ref. Clause 5.2.3
of Part – A of this design guide )
Temp. derating factor : 0.925
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(From enclosed curves)

Available current at 10°C = 101A (Data from performance table

at 20-25°C) x 0.925 = 93.425A

3.7.1 Life of the battery is shortened when temperatures are above the
reference temperature of 25°C. Generally it has been estimated that
Ni-Cd battery loses approximately 15% of its life for every 8°-10°C
electrolyte temperature above 25°C.

3.8 CHARGING REQUIREMENTS

To fully charge, a cell will require an Ah input, from the charger to the
battery, of 160% of the capacity. For example a 100Ah cell requires
160 Ah to fully charge it from a fully discharged state. If the charger
can supply 20A then the time for charging will be 160/20 i.e. 8 hours.

3.9 Cell Data :

Type-L Type-M Type-H

a) D C internal resistance, 0.20x(1/C5) 0.15x(1/C5) 0.06x(1/C5)

ohms

b) Maximum Short circuit 10xC5 15xC5 25xC5

current, A

3.10 The electrolyte specific gravity (S.G.) is not an indication of the state
of charge in Ni-Cd cells since it does not change appreciably during
charge or discharge. The acceptable limits to be maintained in normal
service (of the electrolyte S.G) are 1.17-1.19 at a reference
temperature of 20° at the specified level line of the cell.

3.11 Indian Standard 10918-1274 specifies the general requirements and

methods of test for Ni-Cd batteries. This is derived from IEC Pub 623-
1978.

4.0 APPLICATIONS OF Ni-Cd BATTERIES

Some typical applications of different battery (Cell) types (X,H,M,L)
are mentioned herewith for their optimum usage.
4.1 Applications of very high rates of discharge batteries (Type X) are to
deliver very large currents (>7C5) for very short durations (1 Sec-15
min).

4.2 Applications of High rate (H type) batteries are to deliver high currents
(>3.5C5 A) for very short discharge times of 20 mins and less. Typical

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uses are

- Engine starting (gen-sets, fire pumps, locomotives, vehicles)

- Some applications of Uninterruptible power supply (UPS).

- Switch closing, electromagnets.

In such cases the capacity of the battery is not so important as the

ability to deliver high current.

4.3 Medium rate (M type) applications are load duties having discharge
times between 3 hours to 30 min, for examples:

- UPS for A.C process control

- Electric train control
- Off-shore applications
- Combined discharge cycle like switchgear operation, standby pumps
and emergency lighting.(Typically medium rate of discharge usage is
between 0.5C5A and 3.5C5A).

4.4 Low rate (L type) applications are of power requirements for an

extended discharge time of 3 hours and longer.

Example are:-

- Telecommunications and signalling

- Scada/Computer system

- General standby applications for power stations/ industrial projects,

i.e. load cycle duty of switch trippings, emergency oil pumps,
emergency lighting, protection/controls annunciation, communication.
(Typically low rate of discharge usage is between less than 0.5C5A to
C5A).

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4.5 For applications where adverse conditions of usage prevail, (like

extremes of temperature, on regular routine maintenance and non-
availability of a separate battery room), Ni-Cd batteries are most
suitable for use because of their following special features.

a) Tolerance of extremes of temperature. The manufacturers claim

the range from -50°C to +55°C. It is of advantage to use Ni-Cd
battery for cold temperature performance.

b) Maintenance requirements are very low for pocket plate Ni-Cd

batteries when operated as mentioned in clause 5.0 within the
range of 15°C to 25°C.

c) Overcharging even for a prolonged period is tolerated. Also,

these batteries can be left in discharged/partially discharged
conditions without damage.

d) Gases given off by Ni-Cd batteries are not corrosive and normal
building materials/room can be used and therefore the battery
can be kept in the electrical/mechanical equipment room, if it
becomes necessary to do so. However, adequate ventilation is
necessary as stated under installation (Clause 7.0).

5.0 MODE OF OPERATION

5.1 In the standby battery usage for continuous parallel operation with
rectifier, with occasional battery discharge, the recommended
charging values are as follows:

Charging in service:

a) Float charge : 1.4 - 1.42 V/Cell H,M,L

b) High rate (Boost) : 1.53-1.67 V/Cell for H type

charge
1.54-1.69 V/Cell for M type
1.55-1.7 V/Cell for L type

c) Trickle charging current of : 1.5 mA per Ah

fully charged cell

d) Boost charging standard : 0.4C5A for 8 hours,H,M,L

e) Fast recharging : 0.5C5A for 2.5 Hours followed

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by 0.2C5A for 2.5 hours.

f) With float charging at 1.4-1.42 V/Cell and where the load

temporarily exceeds the charger rating, it is beneficial to
apply an equalising charge every 6 to 12 months (depending
on use) to keep the battery up to a fully charged condition.

5.2 For use of batteries without any boost charge, the float charge voltage
is 1.47-1.5V pC for L type, 1.46-1.49V pC for M type and 1.45-1.47V
pC for H type.

6.0 NUMBER OF CELLS

For the usual standard system voltages, the recommended number of

cells is as follows:

6.1
Nominal System Voltage 24 48 110 220
No. of Cells
For continuous operation with 19 37-38 84-86 168-172
float charging

6.2 The number of cells to be used for a specific project should be

checked considering the nominal system voltage, voltage tolerances,
charging voltage (i.e. mode of operation) and type of load (i.e.
discharge currents / time for given cell end - voltage). Based on these
factors the number of cells may vary from the number given above.

6.3 Recommendations on selection of voltage level and quantities of

batteries cells are provided at Clause 3.0 & 4.0 of Part – A of this
design guide.

6.4 Example :

a) Nominal system voltage 110V

b) All equipments are specified to operate satisfactorily at 80-110%

of rated DC voltage, except the DC motors which work
satisfactorily upto 85% of rated voltage.

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c) No. of cells 'n'

Allowable max. voltage for DC system = 110% of 110V = 121

volts
Float voltage to be selected = 1.4 to 1.42 V/Cell

With float voltage of 1.42 V pC and system voltage limit of 121

volts.

No. of cells required of 110V rated DC system

121
= ---- = 85.2 or 85 cells.
1.42
d) Cell end voltage :

Allowable min. voltage for DC system

85% of 110V at equipment terminals = 93.5 volts.

Considering a max. voltage drop of 5% in the system,

Allowable min. voltage at battery terminals = 90% of 110V = 99

volts.

99
Thus permissible cell end voltage =---- = 1.16 volts
85

7.0 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS FOR SIZING Ni-Cd BATTERIES

In addition to the above factors, factors like design margin, ageing

factor also influence the final size of the battery selected.

7.1 Design Margin :

This is to allow for unforeseen additions to the dc systems and less

than optimum operating conditions of the battery due to improper
maintenance, recent discharge or ambient temperatures lower than
anticipated. This shall be decided on case to case basis. The cell size
calculations for a specific application will seldom match a
commercially available cell exactly and it is normal procedure to
select the next higher size cell. The additional capacity obtained thus,
can be considered part of the design margin. While sizing battery for
Nuclear power plant applications, it may be noted that the "margins"

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required by IEEE Std. 323-1273, 6.3.1.5 and 6.3.3 are to be applied

during "qualification" and are not related to "design margin".

7.2 Ageing Factor :

Capacity decreases gradually during the life of the battery, with no

sudden capacity loss being encountered. Since the rate of capacity
loss is dependent upon such factors as operating temperature,
electrolyte sp.gravity, and depth and frequency of discharge, an
ageing factor should be chosen based on required service life. The
choice of ageing factor is, therefore, essentially an economic
consideration. IEEE recommends a factor of 1.11 for batteries used
for UPS wherein the discharges are for a short time and 1.43 for
applications involving continuous high temperatures and/or frequent
deep discharges.

7.3 State of Charge Factor :

When the batteries are subjected to discharge and then charge, they
get charged gradually. The state of charge at any point depends on
the initial state of charge, the recharge voltage, the charge current
limit and the charging voltage. The state of charge factor can be
determined by consulting the charging curves provided by Battery
manufacturers and shall be considered if the selected float charge
voltage is 1.47-1.50V (Ref. item 5.2 above).

7.4 Float Charge Factor :

When batteries are expected to remain in continuous float charge for

prolonged periods without boost charge, they exhibit a dip in
performance depending on end voltage and duration of discharge.

The cells float charged at 1.4-1.42V pC (Ref item 5.1 of above) are
not expected to lose much charge if the schedule for equalising
charges is adhered to. Hence no provision is made for float charge
factor in cell sizing calculations.

8.0 INSTALLATION

8.1 Ni-Cd battery can be installed in a separate room or in the same room
as the electrical/mechanical equipment since the gases given off are
not corrosive. However, a separate room specially for large size
batteries would be preferable. The typical battery room layout is
enclosed in Part – A of this design guide for information.

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8.2 Though Ni-Cd batteries are tolerant of extremes of temperature, it is

preferable to operate within the range of 15°C to 25°C to optimise
efficiency. Direct sunlight and heat on cells should be avoided.

8.3 Hydrogen and oxygen evolved from a battery during charge can form
an explosive mixture. For this reason adequate ventilation is to be
provided to keep the hydrogen content to a low value. The maximum
gas evolution occurs at end of charge or on overcharge. Since
hydrogen is lighter than air, openings/grilles to take away the gas
mixture should be located as high as possible in the room.

Following formula is given by the Manufacturers for a mean hydrogen

concentration of 1%.

Air changes required = 1.47xFinal charge(amps)xNo. of cells

per hour Room air Vol.in Cu.ft

If forced ventilation is found necessary to obtain the required air

changes per hour, the air should be drawn from a high location in the
room. When calculating air changes in confined spaces it will be
necessary to deduct the volume of other apparatus and the battery.

9.0 BATTERY SIZING CALCULATIONS

The method to be used for sizing Ni-Cd battery is same as explained

in PART–A of this DC System Design guide .

9.1 The duty cycle profile (the load currents and the durations for which
the battery is to be sized) shall be prepared.

9.2 The factor KT related to the specified end cell voltage and load
duration is readily available for lead-acid cells. But for Ni-Cd cells, this
shall be computed from the discharge data tables (enclosed at
Appendix-1). Wherever the required data is not available, it can be
interpolated/extrapolated from the known values (Refer item 3.5
above).

Select the cell type most suited to the duty profile required (Ref. item
4.0).

9.3 Add 10°°C to the min. ambient temperature specified to obtain

expected minimum electrolyte temperature and read the temperature
correction factors corresponding to the cell type selected and specific
discharge duration, for the above temp, from the relevant curves
enclosed in Appendix-1.

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9.4 Divide the load currents specified by the temperature correction

factors corresponding to the specified duration to obtain the load
currents corrected to 25°C.

9.5 Select the cell size, looking at the discharge tables, that can meet the
short duration load current requirements.

Crated
9.6 Calculate the capacity rating factors ( KT = ------- ; t = duration )
It
for different load currents & corresponding durations as above, from
the discharge tables.

9.7 Follow the worksheet (Blank form enclosed in Appendix-3) and

determine the cell size. Apply ageing factor, design margin etc. (in
accordance with item 7.0 above) to arrive at final cell size.

9.8 Sample cell sizing calculation is included in Appendix-2.

10.0 SPECIFYING THE BATTERY

It is observed that the discharge data available from different

manufacturers for a given type and AH rating of cells differs
considerably at durations other than nominal duration (5 hours).
Hence it is recommended that while specifying the battery, the
following may be noted.

10.1 Load profile, required end cell voltage, factors to be considered and
other data shall be provided to the bidder and the bidder is allowed to
offer cell size other than the one indicated (determined by TCE
through cell sizing calculations as above) providing the supporting
calculations.

10.2 Bidder may be allowed to offer cell type other than the one indicated,
if the offered cell type & size meets the load cycle duty requirements
satisfactorily (bidder to establish the same through supporting
calculations). This is being recommended as many a time the load
profile consists of mixed type of loads (ie. of different durations) and
thus more than one type (but with different ratings) can meet the
requirements satisfactorily.

11.0 REFERENCES

11.1 TCE.M6-EL-718-6000 'Station battery- Lead Acid' Design Guide.

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11.2 IS:10918-1274 Specification for vented type Ni-Cd batteries.

11.3 Technical Data from M/s SABNIFE.

11.4 IEEE 1115-1992 IEEE Recommended Practice for sizing Nickel-

Cadmium Batteries for Stationary applications.

11.5 IEEE : 1106-1277 IEEE Recommended practice for maintenance,

testing and replacement of Nickel-Cadmium storage batteries for
Generating Stations and Substations.

11.6 IEEE : 323-1273 IEEE Standard for qualifying class IE equipment for
Nuclear Power Generating Stations.

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APPENDIX-1

CELL DESIGNATION

Vented nickel cadmium prismatic rechargeable cells shall be

designated by the letter 'K' followed by a second letter referring to the
positive plates:

T for cells with tubular plates,

P for cells with pocket plates, and
S for cells with sintered plates.

The second letter shall be followed by a third letter:

L for low rate of discharge (below 0.5 C5),

M for medium rate of discharge (between 0.5 C5 and 3.5 C5),
H for high rate of discharge (between 3.5 C5 and 7 C5), and
X for very high rate of discharge (above 7 C5).

The group of three letters shall then be followed by a group of figures

indicative of the capacity of the cell in ampere-hours, for example
KSH 185. Cells in cases of plastic material shall be marked with the
letter "p" after the figures, for example KSH 185 P.

Source : IS:10918-1274

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APPENDIX-1 (contd)

PREFERRED DIMENSIONS

TABLE : THESE DIMENSIONS ARE VALID FOR OPEN NICKEL

CADMIUM PRISMATIC CELLS IN STEEL CONTAINERS AND
PLASTIC CONTAINERS

STEEL CONTAINERS PLASTIC CONTAINERS

Max. Width. (b)in Max. Height (h) in Max. Width. (b) Max. Height (h) in
mm mm in mm
mm
81 291 62 178
105 350 81 241
131 409 87 273
148 409 123 273
157 409 138 273
188 409 147 285
-- -- 165 406
-- -- 173 375
-- -- 195 406

NOTE 1 -- The dimensions, given in Table 1, represent preferred values.

NOTE 2 -- The widths relate to the overall width dimension of the cell
excluding the thickness of the lug flanges.

NOTE 3 -- The maximum height relates to the total height dimensions over
terminals or closed cell valves. The data for heights given in
table are maximum values, no lower limits being stated.

NOTE 4 -- It is not possible to make proposals for length dimensions (d) at

this stage.

NOTE 5 -- The dimensions shown in Table 1 are not coupled to particular

cell capacities. The apply to all kinds of open prismatic nickel-
cadmium cells, such as L,M,H, and X types.

Source : IS:10918-1274

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KPL RANGE
o o
TYPICAL CELL PERFORMANCE DATA ( 20 C + 5 C )
Discharge data is for full charged cells after 1 hour open circuit and allowing for voltage losses associated with connectors.
AMPERES ON DISCHARGE TO 1.00 VOLT PER CELL

CELL CAP SECONDS MINUTES HOURS

(Ah)
TYPE
1 10 60 5 10 30 60 90 2 3 5 8 10
KPL5P 5 11.8 9.7 8 6.6 5.9 4.6 3.5 2.8 2.3 1.6 1 0.6 0.5
KPL11P 11 25.9 21.4 17.7 14.5 12.9 10 7.7 6.2 5 3.5 2.2 1.4 1.1
KPL19P 19 44.7 37 30.5 25 22.3 17 13.3 10.6 8.6 6.1 3.8 2.4 1.9
KPL29P 29 68.3 56.5 46.6 38.1 34 26.7 20.3 16.2 13.1 9.3 5.8 3.7 2.9
KPL39P 39 93.6 76.8 62.9 51.3 45.5 35.9 27.3 21.8 17.6 12.5 7.8 4.9 3.9
KPL49P 49 120 96.6 80 67.7 59.8 45.1 34.3 27.4 22.1 15.7 9.8 6.2 4.9
KPL60P 60 138 115 96.5 81.8 72.5 55.2 42 33.6 27 19.2 12 7.6 6.1
KPL70P 70 157 131 111 90.5 79.4 61.7 48.3 38.6 31.1 22.1 14 8.7 7
KPL75P 75 177 150 118 94.9 82.8 65 51.7 42 34.2 24.3 15 9.5 7.7
KPL90P 90 204 171 137 108 93.1 74.8 61. 49.5 40.1 28.5 18 11.2 9
KPL100P 100 231 193 156 123 105 85.7 71.4 57.1 45.9 32.6 20 12.9 10.3
KPL130P 130 283 236 192 150 131 108 89.6 71.7 57.6 41 26 15.1 12.9
KPL155P 155 337 282 213 182 158 124 107 87.9 70.7 50.2 31 19.8 15.9
KPL190 190 389 327 258 230 186 147 129 106 85.1 60.5 38 23.8 19.1
KPL220P 220 440 373 308 244 214 172 150 124 99.5 70.7 44 27.8 22.3
KPL250P 250 486 413 346 274 241 197 171 141 113 80.6 50 31.8 25.3
KPL280P 280 531 453 377 300 265 222 193 159 128 90.9 56 35.8 28.7
KPL320P 320 579 496 409 326 290 246 215 177 142 101 64 39.8 31.9
KPL350P 350 628 539 442 351 315 271 236 194 156 111 70 43.7 35
KPL380P 380 675 581 473 378 339 296 258 212 171 121 76 47.8 38.3
KPL410P 410 723 624 505 406 363 321 279 230 185 132 82 51.8 41.5
KPL440P 440 750 654 570 483 443 368 297 243 199 141 88 55.4 45.5
KPL480P 480 805 713 615 525 482 400 323 254 216 154 95 61.2 49.4
KPL500P 500 916 808 676 566 514 428 352 278 227 162 100 64.4 52

KPL580P 580 1030 914 768 644 596 490 400 319 261 186 116 74 59.7
KPL655P 655 1150 1020 860 722 678 552 448 360 295 210 131 83.5 67.5
KPL730P 730 1270 1120 955 801 743 612 494 402 329 234 146 93.1 75.2
KPL810P 810 1390 1230 1050 880 808 672 540 446 365 259 162 103 83.4
KPL885P 885 1500 1330 1140 966 886 736 594 487 398 283 177 113 91.2
KPL960P 960 1610 1420 1230 1050 964 800 646 528 432 307 192 122 98.9
KPL1100P 1100 1900 1690 1430 1200 1090 912 729 605 495 352 220 140 113
KPL1210P 1210 2080 1840 1570 1320 1210 1010 810 666 545 387 242 154 125
KPL1320P 1320 2250 1992 1710 1450 1330 1100 891 726 594 422 254 168 136
KPL1440P 1440 2410 2140 1840 1570 1440 1190 969 792 648 461 288 184 148

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KPL RANGE
o o
TYPICAL CELL PERFORMANCE DATA ( 20 C + 5 C )

Discharge data is for full charged cells after 1 hour open circuit and allowing for voltage losses associated with connectors.
AMPERES ON DISCHARGE TO 1.02 VOLT PER CELL

CELL CAP SECONDS MINUTES HOURS

(Ah)
TYPE
1 10 60 5 10 30 60 90 2 3 5 8 10
KPL5P 5 11.1 9.2 7.5 6.2 5.5 4.4 3.4 2.7 2.2 1.6 1 .6 0.50
KPL11P 11 24.4 20.2 16.6 13.5 12.1 9.7 7.5 6 7.9 3.5 2.2 1.4 1.1
KPL19P 19 42.2 34.9 28.7 23.4 20.9 16.6 13 10.4 8.4 6 3.8 2.4 1.9
KPL29P 29 64.3 53.3 43.8 35.7 32 25.7 19.8 15.9 12.9 9.2 5.7 3.6 2.9
KPL39P 39 88 72.2 58.9 48.4 43.4 34.8 26.7 21.4 17.3 12.4 7.7 4.9 3.9
KPL49P 49 113 91 75.2 63.5 56.5 43.9 33.5 26.9 21.8 15.5 9.7 6.1 4.9
KPL60P 60 130 108 90.5 76.7 68.1 53.5 41 32.9 26.6 19 11.9 7.5 6
KPL70P 70 147 124 104 84.8 74.4 59.4 47.2 37.8 30.6 21.9 13.9 8.6 6.9
KPL75P 75 167 140 112 88.9 77.5 62.4 49.9 41 33.7 24.1 14.8 9.5 7.6
KPL90P 90 192 160 128 101 86.9 71.3 58.7 48.2 39.5 28.2 17.8 11.1 8.9
KPL100P 100 218 181 145 115 98.6 81.8 68.1 55.5 45.3 32.3 19.8 12.8 10.2
KPL130P 130 267 222 182 139 122 102 85.5 69.6 56.8 40.6 25.7 16 12.9
KPL155P 155 318 264 215 169 147 119 103 85.4 69.7 49.7 30.7 19.7 15.8
KPL190 190 367 307 251 198 173 142 123 103 83.9 59.9 37.6 23.7 19
KPL220P 220 415 350 288 227 199 165 144 120 98.1 70 43.6 27.7 22.2
KPL250P 250 453 388 322 255 224 188 164 137 112 79.8 49.5 31.6 25.3
KPL280P 280 500 425 351 279 247 211 185 154 126 90 55.4 35.5 28.5
KPL320P 320 546 463 383 304 272 235 206 172 140 100 63.4 39.5 31.7
KPL350P 350 592 502 414 331 298 259 227 189 154 110 69.3 43.4 34.8
KPL380P 380 637 540 445 354 321 282 247 206 168 120 75.2 47.5 38.1
KPL410P 410 683 578 476 380 344 306 268 224 182 130 81.2 51.5 41.3
KPL440P 440 706 628 537 452 416 351 286 237 196 139 87.1 56.5 45.3
KPL480P 480 757 674 579 491 452 381 311 258 213 151 95 60.9 49.2
KPL500P 500 875 762 638 532 482 406 337 271 223 159 99 64.1 51.8

KPL580P 580 979 862 724 603 554 462 382 311 257 183 115 73.5 59.5
KPL655P 655 1086 964 810 675 627 519 426 349 290 206 130 83.1 67.1
KPL730P 730 1198 1060 899 750 693 581 474 391 323 230 145 92.5 74.8
KPL810P 810 1310 1162 988 826 760 642 522 435 359 255 160 103 83
KPL885P 885 1412 1254 1073 904 832 702 576 474 391 279 175 112 90.7
KPL960P 960 1514 1344 1158 982 904 759 621 513 424 302 190 122 98.4
KPL1100P 1100 1792 1594 1346 1124 1030 872 709 591 487 347 218 140 113
KPL1210P 1210 1960 1740 1478 1236 1138 963 784 649 536 381 240 154 124
KPL1320P 1320 2118 1883 1610 1354 1246 1050 859 708 584 416 261 163 135
KPL1440P 1440 2266 2020 1735 1470 1352 1134 932 771 638 454 285 183 143

ISSUE
R3

FORM NO. 120 R1

 SECTION:
TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD. APPENDIX-1
TCE.M6-EL-718-6000 SHEET 50 OF 79
DC SYSTEM

PART – B : NICAD BATTERY

KPL RANGE
o o
TYPICAL CELL PERFORMANCE DATA ( 20 C + 5 C )

Discharge data is for full charged cells after 1 hour open circuit and allowing for voltage losses associated with connectors.
AMPERES ON DISCHARGE TO 1.02 VOLT PER CELL

CELL CAP SECONDS MINUTES HOURS

(Ah)
TYPE
1 10 60 5 10 30 60 90 2 3 5 8 10
KPL5P 5 11.1 9.2 7.5 6.2 5.5 4.4 3.4 2.7 2.2 1.6 1 .6 0.50
KPL11P 11 24.4 20.2 16.6 13.5 12.1 9.7 7.5 6 7.9 3.5 2.2 1.4 1.1
KPL19P 19 42.2 34.9 28.7 23.4 20.9 16.6 13 10.4 8.4 6 3.8 2.4 1.9
KPL29P 29 64.3 53.3 43.8 35.7 32 25.7 19.8 15.9 12.9 9.2 5.7 3.6 2.9
KPL39P 39 88 72.2 58.9 48.4 43.4 34.8 26.7 21.4 17.3 12.4 7.7 4.9 3.9
KPL49P 49 113 91 75.2 63.5 56.5 43.9 33.5 26.9 21.8 15.5 9.7 6.1 4.9
KPL60P 60 130 108 90.5 76.7 68.1 53.5 41 32.9 26.6 19 11.9 7.5 6
KPL70P 70 147 124 104 84.8 74.4 59.4 47.2 37.8 30.6 21.9 13.9 8.6 6.9
KPL75P 75 167 140 112 88.9 77.5 62.4 49.9 41 33.7 24.1 14.8 9.5 7.6
KPL90P 90 192 160 128 101 86.9 71.3 58.7 48.2 39.5 28.2 17.8 11.1 8.9
KPL100P 100 218 181 145 115 98.6 81.8 68.1 55.5 45.3 32.3 19.8 12.8 10.2
KPL130P 130 267 222 182 139 122 102 85.5 69.6 56.8 40.6 25.7 16 12.9
KPL155P 155 318 264 215 169 147 119 103 85.4 69.7 49.7 30.7 19.7 15.8
KPL190 190 367 307 251 198 173 142 123 103 83.9 59.9 37.6 23.7 19
KPL220P 220 415 350 288 227 199 165 144 120 98.1 70 43.6 27.7 22.2
KPL250P 250 453 388 322 255 224 188 164 137 112 79.8 49.5 31.6 25.3
KPL280P 280 500 425 351 279 247 211 185 154 126 90 55.4 35.5 28.5
KPL320P 320 546 463 383 304 272 235 206 172 140 100 63.4 39.5 31.7
KPL350P 350 592 502 414 331 298 259 227 189 154 110 69.3 43.4 34.8
KPL380P 380 637 540 445 354 321 282 247 206 168 120 75.2 47.5 38.1
KPL410P 410 683 578 476 380 344 306 268 224 182 130 81.2 51.5 41.3
KPL440P 440 706 628 537 452 416 351 286 237 196 139 87.1 56.5 45.3
KPL480P 480 757 674 579 491 452 381 311 258 213 151 95 60.9 49.2
KPL500P 500 875 762 638 532 482 406 337 271 223 159 99 64.1 51.8

KPL580P 580 979 862 724 603 554 462 382 311 257 183 115 73.5 59.5
KPL655P 655 1086 964 810 675 627 519 426 349 290 206 130 83.1 67.1
KPL730P 730 1198 1060 899 750 693 581 474 391 323 230 145 92.5 74.8
KPL810P 810 1310 1162 988 826 760 642 522 435 359 255 160 103 83
KPL885P 885 1412 1254 1073 904 832 702 576 474 391 279 175 112 90.7
KPL960P 960 1514 1344 1158 982 904 759 621 513 424 302 190 122 98.4
KPL1100P 1100 1792 1594 1346 1124 1030 872 709 591 487 347 218 140 113
KPL1210P 1210 1960 1740 1478 1236 1138 963 784 649 536 381 240 154 124
KPL1320P 1320 2118 1883 1610 1354 1246 1050 859 708 584 416 261 163 135
KPL1440P 1440 2266 2020 1735 1470 1352 1134 932 771 638 454 285 183 143

ISSUE
R3

FORM NO. 120 R1

 SECTION:
TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD. APPENDIX-1
TCE.M6-EL-718-6000 SHEET 51 OF 79
DC SYSTEM

PART – B : NICAD BATTERY

KPL RANGE
o o
TYPICAL CELL PERFORMANCE DATA ( 20 C + 5 C )

Discharge data is for full charged cells after 1 hour open circuit and allowing for voltage losses associated with connectors.
AMPERES ON DISCHARGE TO 1.05V PER CELL

CELL CAP SECONDS MINUTES HOURS

TYPE AH 1 10 60 5 10 30 60 90 2 3 5 8 10

KPL5P 5 10.1 8.3 6.8 5.5 5 4.2 3.3 2.7 2.2 1.5 1 0.6 0.5
KPL11P 11 22.2 18.4 15 12.2 11 9.2 7.3 5.8 4.8 3.4 2.2 1.4 1.1
KPL19P 19 38.3 31.7 25.9 21 18.9 15.9 12.5 10.1 8.3 6.9 3.7 2.4 1.9
KPL29P 29 58.4 48.4 39.5 32.1 28.9 24.3 19.1 15.4 12.6 9 5.7 3.6 2.9
KPL39P 39 79.6 65.4 52.8 44 40.2 33.1 25.7 20.7 17 12.2 7.6 4.8 3.9
KPL49P 49 102 82.7 67.9 57.3 51.5 42.2 32.3 26 21.3 15.3 9.5 6.1 4.9
KPL60P 60 118 97.9 81.5 69 61.5 51 39.6 31.8 26.1 18.7 11.8 7.4 6
KPL70P 70 133 113 94 76.1 66.9 56 45.5 36.6 30 20.5 13.7 8.6 6.9
KPL75P 75 151 125 102 79.6 69.6 58.5 47.1 39.5 33.1 23.7 14.7 9.4 7.6
KPL90P 90 175 143 114 90.2 77.7 66 55.2 46.3 38.7 27.8 17.6 11 8.9
KPL100P 100 199 162 129 102 89 76 63.2 53 44.4 31.7 19.6 12.5 10.1
KPL130P 130 244 201 166 123 108 94.5 79.4 66.6 55.7 39.9 25.5 15.9 12.7
KPL155P 155 289 238 193 149 130 112 97.3 81.6 68.3 49.8 30.4 19.5 15.6
KPL190 190 335 277 225 175 153 133 115 98.3 82.2 59.8 37.2 23.4 18.8
KPL220P 220 378 315 258 201 176 154 134 115 95.1 69 43.1 27.4 22
KPL250P 250 416 351 286 225 198 174 153 131 110 78.5 49 31.2 25.1
KPL280P 280 453 382 313 248 220 195 173 148 124 88.5 54.9 35.2 28.3
KPL320P 320 496 414 343 271 245 217 193 164 137 98.6 62.7 39.2 31.4
KPL350P 350 539 447 373 301 272 242 213 180 151 108 68.6 43 34.5
KPL380P 380 581 478 403 317 294 262 232 197 165 113 74.5 47 37.7
KPL410P 410 624 510 432 342 316 284 251 214 179 123 80.4 51 40.9
KPL440P 440 640 573 487 406 375 325 270 228 191 149 86.2 55.8 45.1
KPL480P 480 685 615 526 440 407 352 292 248 208 152 94.1 60.6 48.9
KPL500P 500 814 692 580 480 434 373 314 262 217 160 98 63.7 51.5

KPL580P 580 902 786 658 542 492 420 354 300 250 183 114 73.2 59.1
KPL655P 655 990 880 736 604 550 470 394 333 282 207 128 82.7 56.8
KPL730P 730 1090 970 806 674 619 534 445 375 315 232 143 92.1 74.4
KPL810P 810 1190 1060 896 744 688 596 496 418 350 256 159 102 82.6
KPL885P 885 1280 1140 974 812 750 650 540 455 380 281 173 112 90.2
KPL960P 960 1370 1230 1050 880 814 697 584 491 412 306 188 121 97.9
KPL1100P 1100 1630 1450 1220 1010 939 813 678 570 475 346 216 139 112
KPL1210P 1210 1780 1590 1340 1110 1030 894 744 625 523 383 237 153 123
KPL1320P 1320 1920 1720 1460 1210 1120 975 810 680 568 418 259 167 135
KPL1440P 1440 2050 1840 1580 1320 1220 1050 876 740 622 456 282 182 147

ISSUE
R3

FORM NO. 120 R1

 SECTION:
TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD. APPENDIX-1
TCE.M6-EL-718-6000 SHEET 52 OF 79
DC SYSTEM

PART – B : NICAD BATTERY

KPL RANGE
o o
TYPICAL CELL PERFORMANCE DATA ( 20 C + 5 C )

Discharge data is for full charged cells after 1 hour open circuit and allowing for voltage losses associated with connectors.
AMPERES ON DISCHARGE TO 1.10V PER CELL

CELL CAP SECONDS MINUTES HOURS

TYPE AH 1 10 60 5 10 30 60 90 2 3 5 8 10

KPL5P 5 8.3 6.9 5.6 4.6 4.4 3.8 3.2 2.6 2.1 1.5 1 0.5 0.5
KPL11P 11 18.4 15.2 12.3 10.1 9.6 8.4 6.9 5.6 4.6 3.4 2.1 1.3 1.1
KPL19P 19 31.7 26.3 21.3 17.5 16.1 13.5 11.5 9.5 8 5.8 3.7 2.3 1.9
KPL29P 29 48.4 40.2 32.5 26.7 25.3 22.2 18.3 14.8 12.2 8.9 5.6 3.5 2.8
KPL39P 39 65.1 53.8 43.6 36.3 35 30.4 24.5 19.9 16.4 12 7.5 4.8 3.8
KPL49P 49 82.6 68.1 55.1 47.3 45 39 31 25 20.6 15 9.5 5.9 4.8
KPL60P 60 97.4 81 66.6 57.3 54 46.5 37.5 30.6 25.2 18.4 11.6 7.3 5.9
KPL70P 70 111 93.3 76.6 61.9 58 50.6 41.7 35.2 29 21.2 13.5 8.4 6.8
KPL75P 75 128 106 81.2 64.2 60 52.5 43.8 36.1 30.4 22.3 14.5 9.3 7.4
KPL90P 90 147 119 94.7 71 66 58.8 50 42.3 35.6 26.7 17.4 10.9 8.7
KPL100P 100 166 135 106 82 75 66.9 57 48.5 40.8 30.8 19.3 12.4 10
KPL130P 130 202 166 130 99 92 83.1 71 60.8 51.2 38.4 25.1 15.5 12.5
KPL155P 155 240 199 158 117 110 101 87 74.6 62.8 47.1 29.9 19.2 15.4
KPL190 190 278 231 182 140 133 121 105 89.8 75.6 56.7 36.7 23.1 18.5
KPL220P 220 313 262 206 160 151 140 122 105 88.4 66.3 42.5 27 21.7
KPL250P 250 346 289 230 179 169 158 139 120 101 75.6 48.3 30.7 24.7
KPL280P 280 380 317 254 202 192 177 156 135 114 85.2 54.1 34.5 27.8
KPL320P 320 417 349 281 225 215 197 174 150 126 94.8 61.8 38.6 31
KPL350P 350 455 382 308 253 238 218 192 165 139 104 67.6 41.3 34
KPL380P 380 492 413 334 275 258 238 210 180 152 114 73.4 45.2 37.1
KPL410P 410 529 445 361 298 279 258 225 195 164 123 79.2 49.7 40.3
KPL440P 440 546 476 401 333 309 275 235 203 175 133 85 55.2 44.6
KPL480P 480 582 514 435 360 335 297 255 220 190 144 92.7 61 48.5
KPL500P 500 690 578 472 384 363 321 273 233 199 152 96.6 63.4 51
KPL580P 580 770 654 540 440 410 361 310 267 230 174 112 80 58.5
KPL655P 655 850 730 608 496 455 407 350 303 262 197 126 89 66.1
KPL730P 730 935 803 670 552 510 453 388 335 290 219 141 98 73.7
KPL810P 810 1020 876 732 608 565 506 430 370 320 243 156 109 81.8
KPL885P 885 1090 952 802 665 618 550 470 405 350 266 171 119 89.3
KPL960P 960 1160 1030 870 720 670 594 510 440 380 288 185 128 96.9
KPL1100P 1100 1400 1200 1000 828 765 680 582 503 435 338 212 149 111
KPL1210P 1210 1530 1310 1100 912 848 759 645 555 480 363 234 165 122
KPL1320P 1320 1640 1430 1200 990 927 825 705 608 525 395 255 179 133
KPL1440P 1440 1740 1540 1300 1080 1000 891 765 660 570 432 278 195 145

ISSUE
R3

FORM NO. 120 R1

 SECTION:
TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD. APPENDIX-1
TCE.M6-EL-718-6000 SHEET 53 OF 79
DC SYSTEM

PART – B : NICAD BATTERY

KPL RANGE
o o
TYPICAL CELL PERFORMANCE DATA ( 20 C + 5 C )

Discharge data is for full charged cells after 1 hour open circuit and allowing for voltage losses associated with connectors.
AMPERES ON DISCHARGE TO 1.14V PER CELL

CELL CAP SECONDS MINUTES HOURS

TYPE AH 1 10 60 5 10 30 60 90 2 3 5 8 10

KPL5P 5 6.9 5.8 4.6 3.7 3.3 2.8 2.3 2 1.7 1.3 0.9 0.6 0.5
KPL11P 11 15.2 12.8 10.2 8.2 7.2 6.2 5.1 4.3 3.7 2.9 2 1.3 1
KPL19P 19 26.3 22.1 17.6 14.2 12.5 10.7 8.8 7.4 6.3 5.2 3.4 2.2 1.8
KPL29P 29 40.2 33.7 25.9 21.7 19.1 16.3 13.4 11.3 9.7 7.6 5.2 3.4 2.7
KPL39P 39 53.1 44.4 36.7 29.8 25.9 21.7 18 15.2 13 10.2 7 4.5 3.6
KPL49P 49 67.2 56.5 46.4 38.6 33.7 27.8 22.7 19.2 16.3 12.8 8.7 5.7 4.6
KPL60P 60 80.7 67.5 54.7 46.5 40.6 33.6 27.5 23.5 20 15.7 10.7 7 5.6
KPL70P 70 92.6 78.2 63.8 50.6 44.1 35.4 29.3 25.1 23 18.3 12.5 8 6.5
KPL75P 75 107 85.7 66.7 52.7 45.9 36.3 30.2 27 23.2 19.4 13.4 8.8 7.1
KPL90P 90 123 98.1 77 58.8 51.2 38.9 32.9 29.4 27.1 22.7 16.1 10.3 8.3
KPL100P 100 139 111 87.5 66.9 58.2 44.2 37.7 33.7 31.1 25 17.8 11.8 9.5
KPL130P 130 170 136 108 82.8 72.3 55.1 47.4 42.2 39 32.5 23.2 14.8 12
KPL155P 155 200 163 129 100 88.1 66.7 58.1 51.8 47.9 40 27.7 18.2 14.7
KPL190 190 231 189 150 118 103 80.7 69.9 62.4 57.6 48.2 33.9 21.9 17.7
KPL220P 220 260 214 171 135 118 93 81.8 72.9 67.4 56.4 39.3 25.6 20.7
KPL250P 250 288 238 191 151 133 105 93.2 83.2 76.9 64.3 44.6 29.2 23.6
KPL280P 280 312 263 211 168 148 118 105 93.7 86.6 72.4 50 32.9 26.6
KPL320P 320 338 290 233 184 163 130 117 104 95.4 80.5 57.1 36.7 29.5
KPL350P 350 365 311 254 201 178 143 128 115 106 88.5 62.5 40.3 32.4
KPL380P 380 400 343 275 218 193 156 140 125 116 95.5 67.8 44 35.4
KPL410P 410 437 370 297 236 207 169 152 136 125 105 73.2 47.7 38.4
KPL440P 440 460 395 330 273 245 201 172 150 138 118 78.5 54.7 44.2
KPL480P 480 490 428 357 296 265 218 186 162 149 129 85.7 59.4 48
KPL500P 500 594 488 406 316 286 236 198 176 160 135 89.2 62.5 50.5

KPL580P 580 662 544 456 362 328 266 224 200 182 155 103 71.7 57.9
KPL655P 655 730 600 506 408 370 296 250 224 204 175 117 81 65.4
KPL730P 730 795 661 556 452 409 332 282 249 228 196 130 90.3 72.9
KPL810P 810 860 722 606 496 448 368 314 274 252 217 145 100 80.9
KPL885P 885 920 790 660 544 490 402 344 300 276 237 158 109 88.4
KPL960P 960 980 856 714 588 530 436 372 329 298 257 171 119 95.9
KPL1100P 1100 1190 992 834 678 609 501 426 372 342 295 196 136 110
KPL1210P 1210 1290 1080 909 744 672 552 471 411 378 324 216 150 121
KPL1320P 1320 1380 1180 990 815 735 603 516 450 414 354 236 163 132
KPL1440P 1440 1470 1280 1070 890 795 654 558 486 447 356 257 178 144

ISSUE
R3

FORM NO. 120 R1

 SECTION:
TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD. APPENDIX-1
TCE.M6-EL-718-6000 SHEET 54 OF 79
DC SYSTEM

PART – B : NICAD BATTERY

KPM RANGE
o o
TYPICAL CELL PERFORMANCE DATA ( 20 C + 5 C )

Discharge data is for full charged cells after 1 hour open circuit and allowing for voltage losses associated with connectors.
AMPERES ON DISCHARGE TO 1.00V PER CELL

CELL TYPE CAP SECONDS MINUTES HOURS

AH 1 60 5 10 15 30 60 90 2 3 5 8

KPM 11 P 11 40.5 28.7 24 21.1 18.9 14.9 9.3 6.6 5.1 3.5 2.2 1.4
KPM 18 P 18 69.1 49.4 39.2 34.6 31 24.3 15.3 10.8 8.4 5.8 3.6 2.2
KPM 25 P 25 101 71.5 55.2 48 43 33.8 21.3 15 11.7 8.1 5 3.2
KPM 32 P 32 125 89 69.8 61.4 55 43.2 27.2 19.2 15 10.3 6.4 4.1
KPM 39 P 39 149 106 82.8 73 65.4 51.3 32.3 22.8 17.8 12.3 7.8 4.8
KPM 45 P 45 174 124 98.1 86.4 77.4 60.8 38.3 27 21.1 14.5 9 5.9
KPM 55 P 55 199 142 116 102 91.2 71.6 45.1 31.8 24.9 17.1 11 6.7
KPM 60 P 60 229 164 129 113 101 79.7 50.2 35.4 27.7 19.1 12 7.5
KPM 80 P 80 270 204 166 154 141 112 70.6 50.2 38.9 26.8 16 10.5
KPM 100 P 100 325 248 202 187 172 136 85.9 61.1 47.4 32.5 20 12.8
KPM 120 P 120 377 290 236 218 201 159 100 71.4 55.3 38.1 24 15
KPM 145 P 145 457 340 276 254 239 189 120 87 68 46.8 29 18.4
KPM 165 P 165 507 390 320 292 276 217 139 100 78.3 53.9 33 21.2
KPM 190 P 190 556 440 359 331 312 246 157 113 88.6 61 38 24
KPM 210 P 210 594 475 401 369 348 274 175 127 99 68.2 42 26.8
KPM 230 P 230 679 533 441 406 383 302 193 139 109 74.9 46 29.5
KPM 250 P 250 741 590 483 445 419 330 211 152 119 82 50 32.3
KPM 275 P 275 801 635 524 483 455 359 229 166 129 89.1 55 35.1
KPM 300 P 300 843 675 566 522 492 387 247 179 140 96.3 60 37.8
KPM 320 P 320 890 720 606 558 526 415 265 191 150 103 64 40.5
KPM 340 P 340 935 755 648 597 563 443 283 205 160 110 68 43.3
KPM 360 P 360 1060 810 657 607 575 451 295 213 166 116 72 45.3
KPM 380 P 380 1110 853 703 650 616 483 315 228 178 124 76 48.5
KPM 410 P 410 1170 895 749 693 656 514 336 243 190 132 82 51.8

KPM 450 P 450 1450 1050 833 770 729 572 374 270 211 147 90 57.4
KPM 500 P 500 1570 1170 925 855 810 635 415 300 235 164 100 58.8
KPM 555 P 555 1700 1280 1030 949 899 705 461 333 260 181 111 70.8
KPM 600 P 600 1820 1390 1120 1030 980 768 502 363 284 198 120 77.1
KPM 655 P 655 1970 1500 1210 1120 1060 832 544 393 307 214 131 83.5
KPM 710 P 710 2120 1620 1310 1210 1150 902 589 426 333 232 142 90.5
KPM 760 P 760 2230 1700 1410 1300 1230 965 631 456 356 249 152 96.9
KPM 810 P 810 2350 1790 1500 1380 1310 1030 672 486 380 265 162 103
KPM 830 P 830 2550 1920 1540 1420 1350 1060 691 500 390 272 166 106
KPM 910 P 910 2730 2090 1680 1550 1470 1150 753 545 426 297 182 116
KPM 985 P 985 2950 2250 1820 1630 1590 1250 815 590 461 321 197 125
KPM 1060 P 1060 3180 2430 1970 1820 1720 1350 884 639 499 348 212 135
KPM 1140 P 1140 3350 2550 2110 1950 1850 1450 946 684 535 373 228 145
KPM 1220 P 1220 3520 2630 2250 2080 1970 1540 1010 729 570 397 244 156

ISSUE
R3

FORM NO. 120 R1

 SECTION:
TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD. APPENDIX-1
TCE.M6-EL-718-6000 SHEET 55 OF 79
DC SYSTEM

PART – B : NICAD BATTERY

KPM RANGE
o o
TYPICAL CELL PERFORMANCE DATA ( 20 C + 5 C )

Discharge data is for full charged cells after 1 hour open circuit and allowing for voltage losses associated with connectors.
AMPERES ON DISCHARGE TO 1.05V PER CELL

CELL TYPE CAP SECONDS MINUTES HOURS

AH 1 60 5 10 15 30 60 90 2 3 5 8

KPM 11 P 11 35.2 24.4 19.5 16.8 15.6 13 8.6 6.3 5 3.5 2.2 1.2
KPM 18 P 18 61 41.6 31.9 27.5 25.6 21.2 14.2 10.4 8.2 5.7 3.6 2.2
KPM 25 P 25 87 60 45 38.3 35.5 29.5 19.8 14.5 11.5 7.9 5 3.1
KPM 32 P 32 108 75 56.6 49 45.4 37.8 25.3 18.6 14.7 10.1 6.3 4
KPM 39 P 39 128 89 67.3 58.1 54 44.8 30 22 17.4 12 7.7 4.7
KPM 45 P 45 149 104 79.7 68.9 63.9 53.1 35.6 26.1 20.7 14.4 8.9 5.8
KPM 55 P 55 170 120 93.8 81.1 75.3 62.5 41.9 30.7 24.3 16.8 10.9 6.7
KPM 60 P 60 195 134 104 90.3 83.8 69.6 46.6 34.2 27.1 19 11.9 7.4
KPM 80 P 80 233 171 141 127 118 97.9 65.6 48.1 33.1 26.3 15.8 10.4
KPM 100 P 100 278 210 172 155 143 119 79.8 58.6 45.4 32 19.8 12.7
KPM 120 P 120 322 245 201 181 168 139 93.2 68.4 54.2 37.4 23.8 14.8
KPM 145 P 145 392 294 236 218 202 168 115 84.1 56.6 45.9 28.7 18.2
KPM 165 P 165 438 327 272 251 232 194 132 96.9 76.7 52.9 32.7 21
KPM 190 P 190 476 364 308 284 263 219 149 110 86.8 59.8 37.6 23.8
KPM 210 P 210 515 393 344 317 293 245 167 122 96.5 67 41.6 26.5
KPM 230 P 230 587 450 378 348 322 269 183 135 106 73.4 45.5 29.2
KPM 250 P 250 643 492 414 381 353 295 201 147 117 80.4 49.5 31.9
KPM 275 P 275 694 531 450 414 384 320 218 160 127 87.4 54.5 34.7
KPM 300 P 300 728 563 486 447 414 346 235 173 137 94.3 59.4 37.5
KPM 320 P 320 765 595 520 479 443 370 252 185 146 101 63.4 40.1
KPM 340 P 340 801 625 556 512 474 396 269 198 157 108 67.3 42.9
KPM 360 P 360 931 690 565 522 483 408 280 206 162 112 71.3 44.8
KPM 380 P 380 971 723 595 559 517 437 300 220 174 120 75.2 48
KPM 410 P 410 1010 755 625 595 551 466 320 235 185 128 81.2 51.2

KPM 450 P 450 1260 903 700 662 612 518 356 261 206 142 89.1 56.8
KPM 500 P 500 1370 1000 778 735 680 575 395 290 228 158 99 63.1
KPM 555 P 555 1480 1100 873 816 755 638 438 322 254 175 110 70.1
KPM 600 P 600 1600 1200 968 889 823 696 478 351 276 191 119 76.4
KPM 655 P 655 1730 1290 1040 963 891 753 517 380 299 207 130 82.7
KPM 710 P 710 1860 1380 1130 1040 956 817 561 412 324 224 141 89.6
KPM 760 P 760 1940 1440 1190 1120 1030 874 600 441 347 240 150 95.9
KPM 810 P 810 2020 1510 1250 1190 1100 932 640 470 3B0 256 160 102
KPM 830 P 830 2230 1650 1310 1220 1130 957 658 483 380 263 164 105
KPM 910 P 910 2400 1800 1450 1330 1230 1040 717 526 415 287 180 115
KPM 985 P 985 2590 1930 1560 1440 1340 1130 776 570 449 311 195 124
KPM 1060 P 1060 2790 2070 1690 1570 1450 1220 841 618 486 337 210 134
KPM 1140 P 1140 2910 2160 1780 1680 1550 1310 901 661 531 360 225 144
KPM 1220 P 1220 3030 2260 1870 1790 1650 1400 960 705 555 384 242 154

ISSUE
R3

FORM NO. 120 R1

 SECTION:
TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD. APPENDIX-1
TCE.M6-EL-718-6000 SHEET 56 OF 79
DC SYSTEM

PART – B : NICAD BATTERY

KPM RANGE
o o
TYPICAL CELL PERFORMANCE DATA ( 20 C + 5 C )

Discharge data is for full charged cells after 1 hour open circuit and allowing for voltage losses associated with connectors.
AMPERES ON DISCHARGE TO 1.10V PER CELL

CELL TYPE CAP SECONDS MINUTES HOURS

AH 1 60 5 10 15 30 60 90 2 3 5 8

KPM 11 P 11 29.5 20.1 15.8 14 12.8 11 8 6 4.7 3.3 2.1 1.3

KPM 18 P 18 52.5 34.1 27 22.9 20.9 18 13.1 9.9 7.8 5.5 3.5 2.2
KPM 25 P 25 73.6 50.2 38 32.3 29 25 18.3 13.8 10.9 7.6 4.9 3.1
KPM 32 P 32 91.2 63.7 48.5 40.6 37.1 32 23.4 17.6 13.9 9.8 6.2 3.9
KPM 39 P 39 107 76 58.5 48.3 44.1 38 27.7 20.9 16.5 11.7 7.6 4.7
KPM 45 P 45 125 87.3 68.2 57.2 52.2 45 32.9 24.8 19.6 13.8 8.7 5.7
KPM 55 P 55 142 98.5 77.9 67.3 61.5 53 38.7 29.2 23.1 16.3 10.7 6.6
KPM 60 P 60 161 111 88 75.5 68.4 59 43.1 32.5 25.7 14.1 11.6 7.3
KPM 80 P 80 196 142 113 99.6 94.6 83 60.6 45.7 36.1 25.5 15.5 10.3
KPM 100 P 100 232 174 137 123 115 101 73.7 55.6 43.9 31 19.4 12.6
KPM 120 P 120 270 204 161 142 135 118 86.1 64.9 51.3 36.2 23.3 14.7
KPM 145 P 145 326 246 195 165 157 138 103 79.8 63.1 44.5 28.1 18
KPM 165 P 165 370 272 220 190 180 159 119 91.9 72.6 51.2 32 20.8
KPM 190 P 190 400 305 245 215 204 180 134 104 82.2 58 36.9 23.5
KPM 210 P 210 428 330 268 241 228 200 150 116 91.8 64.7 40.8 26.3
KPM 230 P 230 501 378 298 264 251 220 165 128 101 71.2 44.6 28.9
KPM 250 P 250 546 413 326 290 274 241 180 140 110 77.9 48.5 31.6
KPM 275 P 275 589 446 352 315 298 262 196 152 120 84.7 53.4 34.4
KPM 300 P 300 615 468 382 340 322 283 212 164 130 91.4 58.2 37.1
KPM 320 P 320 640 500 408 364 345 303 226 175 139 97.9 62.1 39.7
KPM 340 P 340 664 518 437 389 368 324 242 188 148 105 66 42.4
KPM 360 P 360 770 572 461 405 375 330 249 192 154 109 69.9 44.4
KPM 380 P 380 806 599 485 426 393 345 266 205 165 116 73.7 47.5
KPM 410 P 410 841 625 505 446 410 364 284 219 176 124 79.6 50.7

KPM 450 P 450 1080 750 562 490 444 390 315 243 196 138 87.3 56.2
KPM 500 P 500 1170 836 638 560 506 450 350 270 218 153 97 62.5
KPM 555 P 555 1270 922 714 630 573 505 389 300 241 170 108 69.3
KPM 600 P 600 1360 1000 790 690 635 560 424 327 263 185 116 75.6
KPM 655 P 655 1450 1070 856 745 695 610 459 354 285 200 127 81.8
KPM 710 P 710 1540 1140 922 810 750 660 497 383 309 217 138 88.7
KPM 760 P 760 1610 1190 969 851 785 690 532 410 331 233 147 95
KPM 810 P 810 1680 1250 1010 892 820 728 567 437 352 248 157 101
KPM 830 P 830 1900 1380 1070 945 860 758 583 450 362 255 161 104
KPM 910 P 910 2040 1510 1180 1030 953 840 635 490 395 278 177 114
KPM 985 P 985 2170 1610 1280 1120 1040 915 688 531 427 301 191 123
KPM 1060 P 1060 2310 1710 1380 1210 1120 990 746 575 463 325 206 132
KPM 1140 P 1140 2410 1790 1450 1280 1180 1030 798 616 496 349 221 142
KPM 1220 P 1220 2520 1870 1510 1340 1230 1090 851 656 529 372 237 152

ISSUE
R3

FORM NO. 120 R1

 SECTION:
TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD. APPENDIX-1
TCE.M6-EL-718-6000 SHEET 57 OF 79
DC SYSTEM

PART – B : NICAD BATTERY

KPM RANGE
o o
TYPICAL CELL PERFORMANCE DATA ( 20 C + 5 C )

Discharge data is for full charged cells after 1 hour open circuit and allowing for voltage losses associated with connectors.
AMPERES ON DISCHARGE TO 1.14V PER CELL
CELL TYPE CAP SECONDS MINUTES HOURS
AH 1 60 5 10 15 30 60 90 2 3 5 8

KPM 11 P 11 25.2 16.9 13.2 11.3 10.5 8.4 6.4 5.1 4.2 3.2 2.1 1.3
KPM 18 P 18 45.4 28.7 22.4 19.2 17.1 13.9 10.6 8.4 7 5.5 3.4 2.1
KPM 25 P 25 63 42.2 33 27 23.8 19.3 14.8 11.8 9.7 7.2 4.7 3
KPM 32 P 32 78 54 41.3 34.4 30.4 24.6 18.9 15 12.5 9.3 6 3.8
KPM 39 P 39 90.1 64.5 49.3 41.5 36.1 29.3 22.4 17.9 14.8 11 7.3 4.5
KPM 45 P 45 105 73.7 57 48.4 42.8 34.7 26.6 21.2 17.5 13.1 8.5 5.5
KPM 55 P 55 119 82.8 64.7 55.3 50.4 40.8 31.3 24.9 20.6 15.4 10.3 6.4
KPM 60 P 60 132 92 73.5 63 56.1 45.4 34.8 27.7 23 17.2 11.3 7.1
KPM 80 P 80 166 118 93.3 83 74.7 63.9 49 39 32.3 24.1 15 10
KPM 100 P 100 197 145 114 101 90.9 77.8 59.6 47.5 39.3 29.4 18.8 12.2
KPM 120 P 120 228 172 134 116 106 90.9 69.6 55.5 45.9 34.3 22.6 14.2
KPM 145 P 145 275 210 163 142 130 110 85.6 68.2 56.4 42.2 27.3 17.5
KPM 165 P 165 314 231 183 160 148 127 98.5 78.5 65 48.5 31 20.1
KPM 190 P 190 339 260 203 179 166 144 112 88.8 73.6 54.9 35.7 22.8
KPM 210 P 210 363 280 221 196 186 160 124 99.2 82.1 61.3 39.5 25.5
KPM 230 P 230 426 321 246 218 204 176 137 109 90.3 67.4 43.3 28
KPM 250 P 250 462 350 268 237 224 193 150 119 98.9 73.8 47 30.6
KPM 275 P 275 500 379 290 255 241 210 163 130 107 80.2 51.7 33.3
KPM 300 P 300 523 396 314 277 262 226 176 140 116 86.6 56.4 36
KPM 320 P 320 538 423 335 297 281 242 188 150 124 92.7 60.2 38.5
KPM 340 P 340 552 436 359 321 300 259 201 160 133 99.1 64 41.1
KPM 360 P 360 655 482 370 332 306 264 208 167 138 101 67.7 43.9
KPM 380 P 380 682 501 389 349 321 277 221 179 148 108 71.5 47
KPM 410 P 410 708 519 408 366 339 297 234 190 158 115 77.1 50.2

KPM 450 P 450 943 629 472 404 365 320 263 212 176 128 84.7 55.7
KPM 500 P 500 1020 704 530 460 414 360 292 235 195 142 94.1 61.3
KPM 555 P 555 1090 779 588 516 467 410 321 261 216 158 104 63.6
KPM 600 P 600 1170 854 646 572 520 445 355 284 235 172 113 74.5
KPM 655 P 655 1240 909 693 618 566 485 383 308 255 186 123 81
KPM 710 P 710 1310 964 740 664 612 527 416 334 277 202 134 87.3
KPM 760 P 760 1360 1000 778 698 650 567 442 357 296 216 143 94
KPM 810 P 810 1410 1040 816 722 672 594 468 381 316 230 152 100
KPM 830 P 830 1640 1160 882 774 701 607 482 391 324 236 156 103
KPM 910 P 910 1760 1280 969 858 780 670 530 427 355 258 171 113
KPM 985 P 985 1860 1360 1040 927 849 735 575 462 384 280 185 122
KPM 1060 P 1060 1960 1440 1110 996 918 790 624 501 413 301 199 131
KPM 1140 P 1140 2040 1500 1160 1040 963 840 663 536 445 324 214 141
KPM 1220 P 1220 2120 1550 1220 1090 1020 891 702 571 476 346 229 151

ISSUE
R3

FORM NO. 120 R1

 SECTION:
TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD. APPENDIX-1
TCE.M6-EL-718-6000 SHEET 58 OF 79
DC SYSTEM

PART – B : NICAD BATTERY

KPH RANGE
o o
TYPICAL CELL PERFORMANCE DATA ( 20 C + 5 C )

Discharge data is for full charged cells after 1 hour open circuit and allowing for voltage losses associated with connectors.
AMPERES ON DISCHARGE TO 0.65V PER CELL

CELL TYPE CAP (Ah) SECONDS

1 5 10 30 60 90

KPH 11 P 11 187 173 161 140 124 112

KPH 14 P 14 254 235 218 190 169 153
KPH 18 P 18 321 296 276 240 214 193
KPH 22 P 22 404 373 347 302 269 243
KPH 26 P 26 470 434 404 352 314 283
KPH 34 P 34 601 554 516 450 401 353
KPH 38 P 38 665 613 571 499 445 403
KPH 46 P 46 810 746 695 608 543 492
KPH 50 P 50 889 819 763 668 596 540
KPH 60 P 60 1010 934 870 763 682 613
KPH 65 P 65 1150 1060 989 869 777 705
KPH 85 P 85 1440 1320 1230 1090 975 888
KPH 95 P 95 1570 1440 1350 1190 1060 971
KPH 100 P 100 1700 1560 1460 1290 1160 1050
KPH 110 P 110 1830 1680 1570 1390 1250 1140
KPH 130 P 130 2100 1920 1790 1590 1430 1310
KPH 140 P 140 2220 2030 1900 1690 1520 1390
KPH 150 P 150 2360 2160 2020 1800 1620 1490
KPH 170 P 170 2660 2430 2270 2030 1840 1690
KPH 190 P 190 2930 2670 2510 2250 2040 1880
KPH 210 P 210 3200 2910 2740 2470 2240 2070
KPH 245 P 245 3580 3240 3050 2780 2530 2340
KPH 255 P 255 3700 3350 3160 2860 2630 2440
KPH 265 P 265 3820 3450 3250 2970 2720 2520

KPH 290 P 290 2630 2610 2590 2520 2430 2340

KPH 320 P 320 2880 2860 2840 2770 2660 2550
KPH 355 P 355 3220 3200 3180 3100 2980 2880
KPH 410 P 410 3730 3710 3680 3580 3450 3330
KPH 470 P 470 4240 4210 4180 4070 3920 3780
KPH 525 P 525 4760 4720 4690 4570 4400 4240
KPH 580 P 580 5250 5220 5180 5050 4850 4672
KPH 635 P 635 5750 5710 5670 5520 5320 5140
KPH 700 P 700 6340 6300 6250 6090 5870 5660
KPH 785 P 785 7110 7060 7010 6830 6580 6350
KPH 870 P 870 7880 7830 7770 7570 7290 7030
KPH 955 P 955 8650 8590 8530 8310 8000 7700

ISSUE
R3

FORM NO. 120 R1

 SECTION:
TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD. APPENDIX-1
TCE.M6-EL-718-6000 SHEET 59 OF 79
DC SYSTEM

PART – B : NICAD BATTERY

KPH RANGE
o o
TYPICAL CELL PERFORMANCE DATA ( 20 C + 5 C )

Discharge data is for full charged cells after 1 hour open circuit and allowing for voltage losses associated with connectors.
AMPERES ON DISCHARGE TO 0.85V PER CELL

CELL TYPE CAP (Ah) SECONDS

1 5 10 30 60 90

KPH 11 P 11 135 124 116 101 91.3 84.7

KPH 14 P 14 184 169 157 138 124 115
KPH 18 P 18 232 213 198 174 157 146
KPH 22 P 22 292 268 250 219 197 183
KPH 26 P 26 340 312 290 255 230 213
KPH 34 P 34 435 399 371 326 294 273
KPH 38 P 38 482 442 411 361 326 302
KPH 46 P 46 586 537 500 439 396 368
KPH 50 P 50 643 590 549 482 435 404
KPH 60 P 60 734 672 626 550 497 461
KPH 65 P 65 835 764 712 626 566 525
KPH 85 P 85 1040 954 889 783 708 656
KPH 95 P 95 1140 1040 971 856 773 717
KPH 100 P 100 1230 1120 1050 928 838 777
KPH 110 P 110 1330 1210 1130 998 902 837
KPH 130 P 130 1520 1380 1290 1140 1030 959
KPH 140 P 140 1610 1460 1370 1210 1090 1010
KPH 150 P 150 1710 1560 1460 1290 1160 1080
KPH 170 P 170 1930 1750 1640 1450 1310 1220
KPH 190 P 190 2130 1930 1810 1600 1450 1340
KPH 210 P 210 2320 2100 1970 1760 1590 1470
KPH 245 P 245 2600 2340 2210 1970 1780 1650
KPH 255 P 255 2690 2420 2280 2040 1850 1710
KPH 265 P 265 2770 2500 2350 2100 1910 1770

KPH 290 P 290 1930 1920 1900 1840 1760 1690

KPH 320 P 320 2120 2100 2090 2020 1930 1850
KPH 355 P 355 2400 2380 2360 2290 2190 2090
KPH 410 P 410 2770 2750 2730 2640 2530 2420
KPH 470 P 470 3150 3120 3100 3000 2870 2750
KPH 525 P 525 3520 3490 3470 3350 3210 3070
KPH 580 P 580 3900 3870 3830 3710 3560 3400
KPH 635 P 635 4270 4240 4200 4070 3900 3730
KPH 700 P 700 4740 4700 4660 4510 4320 4140
KPH 785 P 785 5300 5260 5220 5050 4840 4630
KPH 870 P 870 5860 5820 5770 5580 5350 5120
KPH 955 P 955 6420 6370 6320 6120 5860 5610

ISSUE
R3

FORM NO. 120 R1

 SECTION:
TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD. APPENDIX-1
TCE.M6-EL-718-6000 SHEET 60 OF 79
DC SYSTEM

PART – B : NICAD BATTERY

KPH RANGE
o o
TYPICAL CELL PERFORMANCE DATA ( 20 C + 5 C )

Discharge data is for full charged cells after 1 hour open circuit and allowing for voltage losses associated with connectors.
AMPERES ON DISCHARGE TO 1.00V PER CELL

CELL TYPE CAP SECONDS MINUTES HOURS

AH 1 5 30 60 3 5 10 15 30 60 90 3 5

KPH 11 P 11 99.9 88 71.5 65.5 53.2 46 34 27 16.8 9.5 6.6 3.5 2.2
KPH 14 P 14 136 120 97.2 89 71.8 62.5 46.3 36.2 21.8 12 8.4 4.5 2.8
KPH 18 P 18 171 151 123 112 90.7 79 58.5 45.8 27.6 15.5 10.8 5.8 3.6
KPH 22 P 22 215 190 154 141 114 99.5 73.7 57.8 34.8 18.9 13.2 7 4.4
KPH 26 P 26 250 221 180 164 133 116 85.8 67.5 40.6 22.4 15.6 8.3 5.2
KPH 34 P 34 319 282 229 210 170 148 110 86.8 52.2 29.2 20.4 10.9 6.8
KPH 38 P 38 353 312 254 232 188 164 122 96.4 58 32.7 22.8 12.2 7.6
KPH 46 P 46 429 379 309 282 229 200 149 118 71.1 39.6 27.6 14.7 9.2
KPH 50 P 50 471 415 339 310 251 219 164 130 78.3 43 30 16 10
KPH 60 P 60 536 473 387 353 287 249 185 144 88.7 49.9 34.8 18.6 12
KPH 65 P 65 609 537 439 401 327 283 210 165 102 57.6 40.2 21.4 13
KPH 85 P 85 757 669 548 500 408 357 268 210 129 73.1 51 27.2 17
KPH 95 P 95 825 729 598 546 446 390 293 231 142 80 55.8 29.8 19
KPH 100 P 100 892 788 648 591 483 423 319 252 154 87.7 61.2 32.6 20
KPH 110 P 110 958 846 696 635 520 456 344 273 167 95.5 66.6 35.5 22
KPH 130 P 130 1090 965 796 725 596 523 396 317 194 110 76.8 41 26
KPH 140 P 140 1150 1020 842 767 631 554 420 338 207 118 82.2 43.8 28
KPH 150 P 150 1220 1080 897 817 673 588 445 356 222 126 88.2 47 30
KPH 170 P 170 1370 1210 1010 917 759 667 510 408 254 144 101 53.8 34
KPH 190 P 190 1500 1330 1110 1010 838 737 566 453 285 163 114 60.8 38
KPH 210 P 210 1630 1440 1210 1100 916 807 623 497 318 181 127 67.5 42
KPH 245 P 245 1800 1600 1340 1220 1020 906 705 573 366 210 146 78.1 49
KPH 255 P 255 1860 1650 1390 1260 1060 940 733 599 383 218 152 81.3 51
KPH 265 P 265 1910 1700 1430 1300 1090 969 759 624 399 228 159 84.8 53

KPH 290 P 290 1420 1410 1330 1260 1070 991 824 695 450 258 180 95.1 58
KPH 320 P 320 1560 1550 1460 1380 1180 1090 905 764 493 283 197 104 64
KPH 355 P 355 1770 1750 1660 1560 1330 1230 1030 866 552 317 221 117 71
KPH 410 P 410 2040 2020 1910 1800 1540 1430 1190 1000 639 367 255 135 82
KPH 470 P 470 2320 2300 2170 2050 1750 1620 1350 1140 725 417 290 154 94
KPH 525 P 525 2590 2570 2430 2290 1960 1820 1510 1280 814 467 326 172 105
KPH 580 P 580 2870 2840 2690 2530 2170 2010 1670 1410 899 516 360 190 116
KPH 635 P 635 3140 3120 2950 2780 2380 2210 1840 1550 984 565 394 208 127
KPH 700 P 700 3490 3460 3270 3080 2640 2450 2040 1720 1080 623 434 230 140
KPH 785 P 785 3900 3870 3660 3450 2950 2730 2270 1910 1220 699 487 257 157
KPH 870 P 870 4320 4280 4050 3810 3250 3020 2510 2120 1350 774 539 285 174
KPH 955 P 955 4730 4690 4430 4180 3580 3310 2750 2330 1480 850 592 313 191

ISSUE
R3

FORM NO. 120 R1

 SECTION:
TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD. APPENDIX-1
TCE.M6-EL-718-6000 SHEET 61 OF 79
DC SYSTEM

PART – B : NICAD BATTERY

KPH RANGE
o o
TYPICAL CELL PERFORMANCE DATA ( 20 C + 5 C )

Discharge data is for full charged cells after 1 hour open circuit and allowing for voltage losses associated with connectors.
AMPERES ON DISCHARGE TO 1.05V PER CELL

CELL TYPE CAP SECONDS MINUTES HOURS

AH 1 5 30 60 3 5 10 15 30 60 90 3 5

KPH 11 P 11 85.7 74.8 61.6 55.8 45.1 39.5 30.5 24.9 15.8 9.1 6.4 3.5 2.2
KPH 14 P 14 116 102 68.7 75.8 61.3 53.5 39.9 31.8 20.2 11.6 8.2 4.4 2.8
KPH 18 P 18 147 128 106 95.7 77.5 67.5 51.2 40.9 25.9 14.9 10.5 5.7 3.6
KPH 22 P 22 185 161 133 120 97.5 83.7 62.4 49.9 31.7 18.3 12.9 5.9 4.4
KPH 26 P 26 215 188 155 140 113 98.6 73.7 59 37.4 21.6 15.2 6.2 5.1
KPH 34 P 34 274 240 198 179 145 126 96 77.2 49 28.2 19.9 10.7 6.7
KPH 38 P 38 303 265 219 198 161 140 107 86.3 54.7 31.5 22.2 12 7.5
KPH 46 P 46 369 323 266 241 196 170 129 104 66.2 38.2 26.9 14.5 9.1
KPH 50 P 50 404 354 292 264 215 187 140 114 72 41.5 29.3 15.8 9.9
KPH 60 P 60 461 404 333 310 245 213 160 129 81.8 48.1 33.9 18.3 11.9
KPH 65 P 65 523 459 379 343 279 243 183 148 94.5 55.6 39.2 21.1 12.9
KPH 85 P 85 651 572 472 427 349 305 232 187 120 70.6 49.7 26.8 16.8
KPH 95 P 95 710 624 516 466 382 337 257 207 131 77.2 54.4 29.3 18.8
KPH 100 P 100 768 675 558 505 414 363 278 226 144 84.7 59.7 32.1 19.8
KPH 110 P 110 825 725 600 543 445 393 304 247 157 92.1 64.9 35 21.8
KPH 130 P 130 940 828 686 620 510 453 348 284 180 106 74.9 40.3 25.7
KPH 140 P 140 994 876 726 656 541 481 371 303 193 114 80.1 43.2 27.7
KPH 150 P 150 1050 933 773 699 577 507 390 318 204 122 86 46.3 29.7
KPH 170 P 170 1180 1040 869 785 650 575 443 360 234 133 98.3 52.9 33.7
KPH 190 P 190 1300 1150 956 863 718 637 497 404 264 158 111 59.9 37.6
KPH 210 P 210 1410 1250 1040 941 786 695 540 445 293 175 123 66.5 41.6
KPH 245 P 245 1560 1390 1160 1050 881 788 628 520 339 203 143 76.9 48.5
KPH 255 P 255 1610 1440 1200 1080 913 817 655 541 353 211 149 80 50.5
KPH 265 P 265 1660 1480 1230 1110 941 845 677 562 368 220 155 83.5 52.5

KPH 290 P 290 1270 1260 1170 1090 921 848 720 631 431 252 177 94 57.4
KPH 320 P 320 1400 1380 1290 1200 1010 931 791 693 472 277 194 103 63.4
KPH 355 P 355 1580 1560 1450 1350 1150 1060 897 787 529 310 217 115 70.3
KPH 410 P 410 1830 1810 1680 1560 1330 1220 1040 911 612 358 251 133 81.2
KPH 470 P 470 2080 2050 1910 1770 1510 1390 1180 1030 695 407 285 152 93.1
KPH 525 P 525 2320 2300 2130 1980 1691 1560 1320 1160 780 457 320 170 104
KPH 580 P 580 2570 2540 2360 2190 1872 1720 1460 1280 861 505 354 188 115
KPH 635 P 635 2820 2780 2590 2400 2054 1890 1600 1410 943 552 387 206 126
KPH 700 P 700 3130 3090 2870 2670 2280 2100 1780 1560 1040 589 427 227 139
KPH 785 P 785 3500 3460 3210 2980 2540 2330 1980 1740 1170 683 479 254 155
KPH 870 P 870 3870 3820 3550 3300 2810 2580 2190 1920 1290 757 531 282 172
KPH 955 P 955 4240 4190 3890 3620 3080 2840 2410 2110 1420 831 583 309 189

ISSUE
R3

FORM NO. 120 R1

 SECTION:
TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD. APPENDIX-1
TCE.M6-EL-718-6000 SHEET 62 OF 79
DC SYSTEM

PART – B : NICAD BATTERY

KPH RANGE
o o
TYPICAL CELL PERFORMANCE DATA ( 20 C + 5 C )

Discharge data is for full charged cells after 1 hour open circuit and allowing for voltage losses associated with connectors.
AMPERES ON DISCHARGE TO 1.10V PER CELL

CELL TYPE CAP SECONDS MINUTES HOURS

AH 1 5 30 60 3 5 10 15 30 60 90 3 5

KPH 11 P 11 71 62.7 51.7 45.7 36.3 32.1 25.5 21.5 14.3 8.7 6.2 3.4 2.2
KPH 14 P 14 96.5 85.2 70.3 62.1 49.5 43.5 34.2 28.2 18.5 11.1 7.9 4.4 2.7
KPH 18 P 18 122 108 88.7 78.4 63 55.7 43.9 36.3 23.8 14.2 10.2 5.6 3.5
KPH 22 P 22 153 135 112 98.6 79.2 69.6 53.7 44.3 29 17.4 12.4 6.9 4.3
KPH 26 P 26 178 157 130 115 92.4 81.2 63.4 52.4 34.3 20.5 14.7 8.1 5.1
KPH 34 P 34 228 201 166 147 119 105 83 68.5 44.9 26.9 19.2 10.6 6.7
KPH 38 P 38 252 223 184 162 132 117 93 76.6 50.2 30 21.5 11.9 7.5
KPH 46 P 46 307 271 223 198 162 142 112 92.7 60.7 36.3 26 14.4 9
KPH 50 P 50 337 297 245 217 178 157 122 101 66 39.5 28.3 15.6 9.8
KPH 60 P 60 384 339 280 248 193 169 135 113 76 45.8 32.8 18.1 11.8
KPH 65 P 65 437 386 318 282 220 194 155 131 87.8 52.9 37.9 20.9 12.7
KPH 85 P 85 545 481 397 352 280 248 197 166 111 67.2 48 26.5 16.7
KPH 95 P 95 595 526 433 384 306 270 216 181 122 73.5 52.5 29 18.6
KPH 100 P 100 644 569 469 416 332 295 237 199 134 80.6 57.6 31.8 19.6
KPH 110 P 110 693 612 504 447 361 320 258 216 145 87.7 62.7 34.6 21.6
KPH 130 P 130 792 700 576 512 415 370 297 250 168 101 72.3 39.9 25.5
KPH 140 P 140 838 740 610 542 442 395 318 267 179 108 77.4 42.7 27.5
KPH 150 P 150 893 789 649 578 445 395 320 273 187 116 83.1 45.9 29.4
KPH 170 P 170 1000 887 730 650 501 448 366 312 213 133 94.9 52.4 33.3
KPH 190 P 190 1100 976 803 717 563 503 414 353 241 150 107 59.3 37.3
KPH 210 P 210 1200 1060 876 783 627 560 460 392 268 167 119 65.8 41.2
KPH 245 P 245 1340 1180 977 875 722 645 532 454 310 193 138 76.1 48
KPH 255 P 255 1390 1230 1010 906 756 675 554 472 323 201 144 79.2 50
KPH 265 P 265 1430 1260 1040 933 787 703 578 493 337 209 150 82.7 52

KPH 290 P 290 1130 1120 1020 921 747 699 624 560 406 247 175 93.7 56.9
KPH 320 P 320 1240 1230 1110 1010 821 766 684 614 445 270 192 103 62.7
KPH 355 P 355 1410 1390 1260 1150 931 858 765 687 498 303 215 115 69.6
KPH 410 P 410 1630 1610 1460 1330 1080 993 886 795 577 350 249 133 80.4
KPH 470 P 470 1850 1820 1660 1510 1220 1130 1010 903 655 398 283 151 92.2
KPH 525 P 525 2070 2040 1850 1690 1370 1260 1130 1010 735 446 318 170 103
KPH 580 P 580 2290 2260 2050 1870 1510 1400 1250 1120 812 493 351 187 114
KPH 635 P 635 2510 2470 2250 2040 1660 1530 1360 1230 889 540 384 205 125
KPH 700 P 700 2780 2740 2500 2270 1840 1690 1500 1350 980 595 424 226 137
KPH 785 P 785 3110 3070 2790 2540 2060 1890 1690 1510 1100 667 475 254 154
KPH 870 P 870 3440 3390 3090 2810 2280 2100 1870 1680 1220 740 526 281 171
KPH 955 P 955 3770 3720 3380 3080 2490 2300 2050 1840 1340 812 578 308 187

ISSUE
R3

FORM NO. 120 R1

 SECTION:
TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD. APPENDIX-1
TCE.M6-EL-718-6000 SHEET 63 OF 79
DC SYSTEM

PART – B : NICAD BATTERY

KPH RANGE
o o
TYPICAL CELL PERFORMANCE DATA ( 20 C + 5 C )

Discharge data is for full charged cells after 1 hour open circuit and allowing for voltage losses associated with connectors.
AMPERES ON DISCHARGE TO 1.14V PER CELL

CELL TYPE CAP SECONDS MINUTES HOURS

AH 1 5 30 60 3 5 10 15 30 60 90 3 5

KPH 11 P 11 59.4 52.3 42.9 37.4 28.6 24.8 19.8 17.1 12.3 8 5.9 3.4 2.1
KPH 14 P 14 80.8 71 58.3 50.9 39 33.8 27 22.8 15.7 10.2 7.6 4.3 2.7
KPH 18 P 18 102 89.7 73.6 64.3 49.4 42.8 34.2 29.3 20.2 13.1 9.7 5.5 3.5
KPH 22 P 22 128 113 92.7 80.9 62.4 54 43.2 35.9 24.6 16 11.9 6.7 4.3
KPH 26 P 26 149 131 108 94.1 72.8 63 50.4 32.4 29.1 18.9 14 7.9 5
KPH 34 P 34 191 168 138 120 93.6 81 64.8 55.4 38.1 24.7 18.4 10.4 6.6
KPH 38 P 38 212 186 153 133 104 90 72 61.9 42.6 27.6 20.5 11.6 7.4
KPH 46 P 46 258 226 186 162 127 110 88.2 75 51.5 33.4 24.8 14 8.9
KPH 50 P 50 283 249 204 178 140 122 97.2 81.5 56 36.3 27 15.3 9.7
KPH 60 P 60 323 284 232 204 154 135 105 88.2 63.8 42.1 31.3 17.7 11.7
KPH 65 P 65 368 323 264 232 177 154 121 102 73.7 48.6 36.2 20.4 12.6
KPH 85 P 85 460 403 330 290 224 195 153 129 93.5 61.6 45.9 25.9 16.5
KPH 95 P 95 503 441 360 317 247 215 168 141 102 67.4 50.2 28.4 18.4
KPH 100 P 100 546 477 390 344 269 234 194 155 112 74 55.1 31.1 19.4
KPH 110 P 110 587 513 420 370 291 254 199 169 122 80.5 59.9 33.9 21.4
KPH 130 P 130 673 588 480 425 339 295 231 195 141 92.8 69.1 39 25.2
KPH 140 P 140 713 623 508 450 361 315 247 208 151 99.3 74 41.8 27.2
KPH 150 P 150 761 664 541 480 367 323 261 222 162 107 79.4 44.8 29.1
KPH 170 P 170 859 748 609 542 421 368 299 254 185 122 90.7 51.2 33
KPH 190 P 190 948 825 671 599 472 416 336 287 209 138 103 58 36.9
KPH 210 P 210 1040 901 732 656 526 464 374 319 232 153 114 64.4 40.8
KPH 245 P 245 1160 1010 817 736 606 534 431 368 268 177 132 74.4 47.5
KPH 255 P 255 1200 1040 846 763 635 559 451 384 279 184 137 77.5 49.5
KPH 265 P 265 1240 1070 871 787 660 582 469 400 292 192 143 80.8 51.5

KPH 290 P 290 1020 1000 854 772 650 576 473 427 334 226 169 92.8 56.3
KPH 320 P 320 1120 1090 938 848 714 633 519 469 366 248 185 102 62.1
KPH 355 P 355 1270 1240 1060 961 809 718 589 532 409 278 208 114 68.9
KPH 410 P 410 1460 1430 1230 1110 937 832 682 616 474 321 240 132 79.6
KPH 470 P 470 1660 1630 1400 1260 1060 945 775 700 538 365 273 150 91.3
KPH 525 P 525 1860 1820 1570 1420 1190 1060 868 784 604 410 306 168 102
KPH 580 P 580 2060 2010 1740 1570 1320 1170 961 868 667 452 338 186 113
KPH 635 P 635 2260 2210 1900 1720 1450 1280 1050 952 730 495 370 203 123
KPH 700 P 700 2500 2450 2110 1910 1610 1430 1170 1060 805 546 408 224 136
KPH 785 P 785 2800 2740 2350 2120 1790 1590 1300 1180 903 612 458 251 152
KPH 870 P 870 3100 3030 2600 2350 1980 1760 1440 1300 1000 679 507 278 169
KPH 955 P 955 3390 3320 2860 2580 2170 1930 1580 1430 1100 745 557 306 185

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TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD. APPENDIX-1
TCE.M6-EL-718-6000 SHEET 64 OF 79
DC SYSTEM

PART – B : NICAD BATTERY

TYPICAL TEMPERATURE DERATING CURVES FOR L-TYPE CELLS

FOR GRAPH PLEASE REFER TO THE HARD COPY

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 SECTION:
TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD. APPENDIX-1
TCE.M6-EL-718-6000 SHEET 65 OF 79
DC SYSTEM

PART – B : NICAD BATTERY

TYPICAL TEMPERATURE DERATING CURVES FOR M-TYPE CELLS

FOR GRAPH PLEASE REFER TO THE HARD COPY

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 SECTION:
TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD. APPENDIX-1
TCE.M6-EL-718-6000 SHEET 66 OF 79
DC SYSTEM

PART – B : NICAD BATTERY

TYPICAL TEMPERATURE DERATING CURVES FORH-TYPE CELLS

FOR GRAPH PLEASE REFER TO THE HARD COPY

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 SECTION:
TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD. APPENDIX-2
TCE.M6-EL-718-6000 SHEET 67 OF 79
DC SYSTEM

PART – B : NICAD BATTERY

APPENDIX-2

SAMPLE CELL SIZING CALCULATION

1.0 The same load profile as in part – A of this Design Guide is

considered. The discharge currents and durations are :

2.0 Since the battery backup is required for more than 4 hours, the low
rate discharge type (L) cell is to be considered. As per catalog of
Sabnife they do not have any cell which delivers 983 A for one minute
in the KPL type of cells. Hence KPM type cell is considered.

3.0 For temperature derating factors and the discharge data for
calculating the capacity rating factors, the data of M/s SABNIFE (for
KPM type) included in Appendix-1 is considered.

4.0 The end cell voltage selected is 1.16 volts (Ref. item 6.4 of Part – B in
this Design guide).

5.0 Min. expected electrolyte temperature is 17°C (Ref. Part – A of this

Design guide). The temperature derating factors corresponding to the
above temp. applicable for KPM type cells and as read from the
curves included in Appendix-1 are

1 min = 0.96
1 hour = 0.97
2 hours/1 hr. 59 min = 0.98
8-10 hrs = 1.0

Hence the load currents as referred to the rated temperature of 25°C

are

983 359
I1 = --------- = 1024A, I2= ------ = 370A
0.96 0.97

127 13
I3 = ------- = 131A, I4 = ------ = 13A
0.97 1.0

6.0 The published discharge data from manufacturers does not indicate
discharge ratings at the required end cell voltage of 1.16 volts. Hence
these need to be extrapolated from the data available.

6.1 As per catalog of Sabnife they do not have any cell which delivers
1024 A for one minute in the KPL type of cells. Hence select KPM

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DC SYSTEM

PART – B : NICAD BATTERY

type. Consider cell KPM 830P : Rated discharge current of KPM830P

cell at 1 min is 1160A at an end cell voltage of 1.14 volts.

6.2 The extrapolated discharge data for KPM 830P cell comes to,

1 Min. - 1050A
1 hr. - 431.5A
2 hrs. - 305A
8 hrs. - 102.5A
9 hrs. - 91.1A(by interpolation)
10 hrs. - 82A

7.0 The performance factors (KT) are,

1 Min. - 830/1050 =0.79

1 hr. - 830/431.5 = 1.923
2 hrs. - 830/305 =2.721
8 hrs. - 830/102.5 = 8.097
9 hrs. - 830/91.1 = 9.109
10 hrs. - 830/82 =10.122

8.0 The cell sizing worksheet is filled up using the above data and the
required cell size is 898 AH. determined as enclosed.

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TCE.M6-EL-718-6000 SHEET 69 OF 79
DC SYSTEM

PART – B : NICAD BATTERY

Project : Date :
Lowest Expected Minimum Cell Cell
Electrolyte Temp : 17oC Cell Voltage : 1.16V DC Mfg. : SAB NIFE Type : KPL 1440P Sized By : RRN

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

Capacity Temperatu- Required
Change in Duration Time to End Rating re Section Size or
Per Load Load of Period of Section factor at Derating (3)x(6)x(7) =
-iod (Amperes) (Amperes) (minutes) (minutes) T Min. factor for Rated AH
rate T min. Tt
(KT)
Pos. Neg.
Value Value

LOAD DATA :
A1= 983 A, M1= 1 Min; A2 = 359 A, M2 = 59 Min.
A3= 127 A, M3= 60 Min; A4 = 13 A, M4 = 480 Min.
A5= A, M5= Min; A6 = A, M6 = Min.

Section - 1: First Period only - If A2 is greater than A1, go to Section-2

1 A1=983 A1-0=983 M1=1 T=M1=1 0.79 1/0.96=1.042 809 ***
Sec.-1 Total 809 ***

Section - 2: First Two Periods only - If A3 is greater than A2, go to Section-3

1 A1=983 A1-0=983 M1=1 T=M1+M2=60 1.92 1/0.97=1.031 1946
2 A2=359 A2-A1= -624 M2=59 T=M2=59 1.92 1.031 1235
Sec.-2 Sub Total 1946 1235
Total 711 ***

Section - 3: First Three Periods only - If A4 is greater than A3, go to Section-4

1 A1=983 A1-0=983 M1=1 T=M1+...+M3=120 2.72 1/0.985=1.015 2714
2 A2=359 A2-A1= -624 M2=59 T=M2+M3=119 2.72 1.015 1723
3 A3=127 A3-A2= -232 M3=60 T=M3=60 1.92 1.031 459
Sec.-3 Sub Total 2714 2182
Total 532 ***

Section - 4: First Four Periods only - If A5 is greater than A4 go to Section-5

1 A1=983 A1-0=983 M1=1 T=M1+...+M4=600 10.12 1.0 9948
2 A2=359 A2-A1= -624 M2=59 T=M2+...+M4=599 10.12 1.0 6315
3 A3=127 A3-A2= -232 M3=60 T=M3+M4=540 9.11 1.0 2114
4 A4=13 A4-A3= -114 M4=480 T=M4=480 8.10 1.0 923
Sec.-4 Sub Total 9948 9352
Total 596 ***

Section - 5: First Five Periods only - If A6 is greater than A4 go to Section-6

1 A1= A1-0= M1= T=M1+...+M5=
2 A2= A2-A1= M2= T=M2+...+M5=
3 A3= A3-A2= M3= T=M3+...+M5=
4 A4= A4-A3= M4= T=M4+M5=
5 A5= A5-A4= M5= T=M5=
Sec.-5 Sub Total
Total ***

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 SECTION:
TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD. APPENDIX-2
TCE.M6-EL-718-6000 SHEET 70 OF 79
DC SYSTEM

PART – B : NICAD BATTERY

Section - 6: IF LOAD CYCLE HAS MORE THAN 5 LOAD PERIODS, CONTINUE FURTHER IN SIMILAR MANNER.

Section - 7: Random Equipment Load only (if needed)

R AR= AR-0= MR= T=M+R=

Section - 8:
Maximum Section Size = 809

Section - 9:
Random Section Size = -

Section - 10:
Design margin Factor = 1.0

Section - 11:
Aging Factor = 1.11

Section - 12:
Uncorrected size = (8) + (9)= 809+ - = 809

Section - 13:
All capacity required = (10) x (11) x (12) = 1.0 x 1.11 x 809 = 898 AH

Section - 14:
Select the next higher standard size of the cell.

Section - 15:
Therefore AH capacity of the cell = 910 AH

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TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD. APPENDIX-3
TCE.M6-EL-718-6000 SHEET 71 OF 79
DC SYSTEM

PART – B : NICAD BATTERY

APPENDIX-3

COMPARISON OF Ni-Cd BATTERIES WITH LEAD ACID BATTERIES

Some technical details of lead-acid and Ni-Cd battery cells are compared.

Lead-Acid Ni-Cd

a) Nominal voltage 2.0 1.2

b) Open Circuit voltage 2.05 1.28

c) Float charge voltage 2.15-2.3 1.4-1.5

d) Boost charge voltage 2.4-2.75 1.55-1.7

e) Final discharge voltage 1.75-1.85 1.00-1.16

f) Ah Efficiency 85-90% Approx. 70%

g) Watt-hour Efficiency 68-75% 50-60%

h) SG 1.215+.01 at 27°CDRL 1.17-1.19 at 20°C

i) Maintenance 3-12 6-12

Interval months :

j) Optimum battery room 27°CDRL 20°-25°C

temperature

k) Loss of rated capacity For temp below 25°C Approx: For temp below
per oC : 0.43% 20°C 0.5%

l) Life-Years: a) Lead - antimony 14-18

years

b) Lead-Calcium: 20years 25 years

c) Plante : 20-25 years

m) Loss in life for every 8°- 50% 15%
10°Cincrease in electrolyte
temp:above 25°C

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DC SYSTEM

PART – B : NICAD BATTERY

Project : Date :

Lowest Expected Minimum Cell Cell

Electrolyte Temp : Cell Voltage : Mfg. : Type : Sized By :

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

Capacity Temperatu Required
Time to Rating re Section Size or
Change in Duration End of factor at T Derating (3)x(6)x(7) =
Per Load Load of Period Section Min. rate factor for Rated AH
-iod (Amperes) (Amperes) (minutes) (minutes) (KT) T min. Tt
Pos Neg.
Value Value

LOAD DATA :
A1= A, M1= Min; A2 = A, M2 = Min.
A3= A, M3= Min; A4 = A, M4 = Min.
A5= A, M5= Min; A6 = A, M6 = Min.

Section - 1: First Period only - If A2 is greater than A1, go to Section-2

1 A1= A1-0= M1= T=M1= ***
Sec.-1 Total ***

Section - 2: First Two Periods only - If A3 is greater than A2, go to Section-3

1 A1= A1-0= M1= T=M1+M2=
2 A2= A2-A1= M2= T=M2=
Sec.-2 Sub Total
Total ***

Section - 3: First Three Periods only - If A4 is greater than A3, go to Section-4

1 A1= A1-0= M1= T=M1+...+M3=
2 A2= A2-A1= M2= T=M2+M3=
3 A3= A3-A2= M3= T=M3=
Sec.-3 Sub Total
Total ***

Section - 4: First Four Periods only - If A5 is greater than A4 go to Section-5

1 A1= A1-0= M1= T=M1+...+M4=
2 A2= A2-A1= M2= T=M2+...+M4=
3 A3= A3-A2= M3= T=M3+M4=
4 A4= A4-A3= M4= T=M4=
Sec.-4 Sub Total
Total ***

Section - 5: First Five Periods only - If A6 is greater than A4 go to Section-6

1 A1= A1-0= M1= T=M1+...+M5=
2 A2= A2-A1= M2= T=M2+...+M5=
3 A3= A3-A2= M3= T=M3+...+M5=
4 A4= A4-A3= M4= T=M4+M5=
5 A5= A5-A4= M5= T=M5=
Sec.-5 Sub Total
Total ***

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DC SYSTEM

PART – B : NICAD BATTERY

Section - 6: IF LOAD CYCLE HAS MORE THAN 5 LOAD PERIODS, CONTINUE FURTHER IN SIMILAR MANNER.

Section - 7: Random Equipment Load only (if needed)

R AR= AR-0= MR= T=M+R=

Section - 8:
Maximum Section Size =

Section - 9:
Random Section Size =

Section - 10:
Design margin =

Section - 11:
Aging Factor =

Section - 12:
Uncorrected size = (8) + (9)=

Section - 13:
All capacity required = (10) x (11) x (12)= AH

Section - 14:
When AH capacity required is larger than the nearest standard cell, the next larger size cell is required.

Section - 15:
Therefore AH capacity of the cell = AH

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TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD. FACING SHEET
TCE.M6-EL-718-6000 SHEET 74 OF 79
DC SYSTEM

PART – C : BATTERY CHARGER

PART-C
BATTERY CHARGER

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TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD. WRITEUP
TCE.M6-EL-718-6000 SHEET 75 OF 79
DC SYSTEM

PART – C : BATTERY CHARGER

1.0 SCOPE

This section outlines the recommendations for the selection of types,

rating & scheme for Battery Charger for stationary lead acid and
Nickel Cadmium batteries used in power plants, industrial plants and
chemical plants.

2.0 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE

2.1 Type

2.1.1 Static type Battery Chargers shall be used.

2.1.2 Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCR) type battery chargers are provided
for both float and boost chargers.

2.2 Scheme

2.2.1 The charging equipment shall be suitable for charging each battery in
float as well as in boost mode. The float charger should be provided
with Automatic Voltage Regulator to maintain the output voltage
within +1% of the set value under all load conditions and for an input
voltage variation of +10% and frequency variation of +5%. Boost
charging mode should have current control and limiting facility. The
boost charger shall be provided with automatic constant current
regulator to maintain the current output within +2% of the set value for
AC input voltage and frequency variation of +10% and +5%
respectively. The load limiting feature shall be provided for the
chargers.

2.3 Type and quantity of chargers

2.3.1 Wherever 2x100% capacity batteries are provided for each service,
2x100% combined float cum boost charger shall be provided (For ex.
battery chargers for I&C systems, 220 kV switchyards of large
stations and 400 kV switchyards). Typical scheme of battery and
charger connection is shown in sketch no. TCE.M2-EL-CW-S-2631
R1.

2.3.2 Wherever individual battery is provided for each service/system

following chargers shall be provided.

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PART – C : BATTERY CHARGER

(a) In a multiple unit power stations, coal handling plants above 100
MW when distances are not very large, switchyards for two unit
installation non expandable up to 220 kV switchyard - battery
charger with separate float and boost charging units shall be
provided for each battery. Typical scheme of battery and
charger connection is shown in sketch no. TCE.M2- EL-CW-S-
2633 R1.

(b) For unit loads of each gas turbine, one battery, 2x100%
combined float cum boost charger shall be provided. Typical
scheme of battery and charger connection is shown in sketch
no. TCE.M2-EL-CW-S-2632 R1.

2.3.4 Type and Quantity of chargers

The requirement of type and standby chargers based on different

types of plants and unit sizes are presented in Table below:

Sl.No Type of Plant Quantity of Quantity of Type of Quantity of Remarks

. Batteries Main Charger Standby
Provided Chargers Chargers

1.0 Coal/lignite based

power plant
1.1 Unit upto
250MW.
1.1.1 Unit Load 1X100% for One per Float & One common Float charger
each unit battery Boost float charger for sizing-One unit
unit load load+stati-on
&station load load
Station Load 1x100% for One per Float &
station load battery Boost
1.1.2 Coal handling 1X100% One per Float & NIL CHP loads for
plant(CHP) battery Boost units > 100 MW
1.1.3 I & C System 2x100% One per Float cum NIL. I&C system
battery Boost loads
1.1.4 Switchyard 1x100% One per Float & NIL Swyd. Load –
battery Boost upto 220 kV
1.2 500MW Unit
1.2.1 Unit loads 2X50% for One per Float & Float & Boost- Unit power
power & battery Boost 1no loads
control loads
but feeding
only power
loads.
1.2.2 Control loads 1X50% for One per Float & Float & Boost- Unit control
control loads battery Boost 1no loads

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PART – C : BATTERY CHARGER

1.2.3 Station loads 1X100% One per Float & Float & Boost- Station loads
battery Boost 1no
1.2.4 Coal handling 1X100% One per Float cum Float cum CHP loads
plant(CHP) battery Boost Boost- 1no
1.2.5 I & C System 2x100% One per Floot cum NIL. I&C system
battery Boost loads
1.2.6 Switchyard 2x100% One per Float cum NIL Swyd. Load-
battery Boost 220 kV &
400 kV
2.0 Gas Turbine
power plant.
2.1 For all unit sizes
2.1.1 Unit loads 1x100% One per Float cum Float cum two unit loads
battery Boost Boost- 1no
2.1.2 STG loads & 2X100% One per Float cum Nil STG loads
Station loads battery Boost +Station loads
2.1.3 I & C System 2x100% One per Float cum NIL. I&C system
battery Boost loads
2.1.4 Switchyard loads 1x100% One per Float & NIL Small stations &
battery Boost upto 220 kV
switchyard
2x100% One per Float cum NIL Large stations
battery Boost with 220 kV
swyd.& for
400 kV swyd.
3.0 DG Plants
3.1 Unit size upto 20
MW

3.1.1 Unit & Station 1X100% One per Float cum Float cum Complete unit
loads battery boost boost- 1no +station loads
3.2 DG Power plant -
Independent
Power Plant (IPP)
3.2.1 Unit loads in one 2X100% One per Float cum Nil Complete DG
block Batteries for battery Boost Set loads in one
a group of block
DG Sets (in
one block)
3.2.2 Station loads 1x100% One per Float cum Float cum Station loads
battery Boost Boost- 1no
4.0 Hydro Power
Plants
4.1 All Unit Sizes 2X100% for One per Float cum Nil Complete Unit
complete battery Boost & Station loads
plant
5.0 Industrial Plants
5.1 All Types of
Plants

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PART – C : BATTERY CHARGER

5.1.1 Complete Plant 2X100% for One per Float cum Nil Complete Plant
Loads complete battery Boost loads.
plant

2.4 Capacity

2.4.1 Float charger

2.4.2 The float charger for DC power and control supply system of plant
shall be capable of meeting the following load requirements.

(a) Float charger current of the associated battery.

(b) Continuous load of the DC system :

Continuous load of the DC system is obtained from the battery sizing

calculations made as per Design Guide for Battery, Part – A and
Part – B. It shall be recognised that 10 hour rating indicated in battery
sizing does not consider the continuous load of the excitation system,
boiler DC control panels, etc. As such the DC loads which exist during
the normal running of the plant shall also be considered over and
above the 10 hour loads indicated for the battery.

(c) Largest DC motor current.

(d) 25% margin shall be considered over and above loads.

2.4.3 The float charger for I&C system battery shall be capable of meeting
the highest of the I&C system loads which will occur during the
starting or tripping/shut down or running of the unit/plant.

2.5 Boost charger

The rating of the Boost charger should be adequate to charge the

battery after the battery is completely discharged within a period of 10
hours for lead acid and 8 hours for Nickel-Cadmium batteries. The
boost charging voltage for lead acid battery will be between 2.40 to
2.75 V/cell and for nickel cadmium it will be between 1.53 V to 1.67 V
for high discharge type (H), 1.54V to 1.69V for medium discharge
type (M) and 1.55V to 1.7V for low discharge type (L). During boost
charging of battery, the load is fed by the float charger. During boost
charging the battery, the battery shall be disconnected from the load
to avoid uneven charging of the battery bank).

3.0 DISCUSSION
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PART – C : BATTERY CHARGER

3.1 The spare charger unit wherever provided should have facilities for
connection to the DC distribution board. Drawing no. TCE.M2-EL-
CW-S-2633 R1 shows typical spare charger connection. The design
of the leads from the spare charger should be such that chance of
wrong connection (reversal of polarity) is totally eliminated.

3.2 The leads interconnecting the Battery, Charger and DC distribution

board should be single core, armoured cables. The cable size should
be rated for the emergency loads (2 hour or 1 hour of battery). The
armouring of the cable should be of aluminium.

3.3 The cables shall be sized considering the voltage drop within
acceptable limits of 5% from the battery to load terminal.

3.4 The Blocker diodes connected between the end cell Tap and the DC
bus should be rated to carry the 1 min. output of the battery. Two
diodes in series are preferred to safeguard the D.C system against
short circuiting of one diode.

3.5 The ripple content of the DC output nominal voltage of the Float and
Boost charger shall be within +1% of the nominal output voltage when
battery is disconnected.

3.6 The transformer rating of the float & boost charger offered by the
Vendor shall be checked for it's suitability by asking the sizing
calculation from the charger supplier.

4.0 ENCLOSURES

i. Float cum boost charger TCE.M2-EL-CW-S-2631 R1

with 2x100% batteries

ii. Float cum boost charger TCE.M2-EL-CW-S-2632 R1

with 1x100% battery

iii. Float and boost charger TCE.M2-EL-CW-S-2633 R1

with 1x100% battery

iv. Float and boost charger TCE.M2-EL-CW-S-2634 R1

with 1x100% battery

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