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CHAP 18 - EFFECTS OF POLLUTION - SUMMARY

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10 views3 pages

CHAP 18 - EFFECTS OF POLLUTION - SUMMARY

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Mithra M
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STD IX - GEOGRAPHY

Syllabus - Effects - Of Pollution - On the Environment & Human health

Kind of Pollution EFFECTS


1. Noise Pollution 1. Effect on Environment: (i) Causes cracks in national and archaeological
monuments.
(ii) High intensity explosions can break glass panes and cause vibrations in the buildings.

2. Effect on Human Health:


(i) On hearing: - Continuous exposure to noise above 100dB (Decibels) has adverse effect
on hearing.
(ii) On Communication: External sounds can interfere while conversing on telephone,
enjoying radio and television programmes.
(iii) Sleep: Noisy conditions near residential areas at night causes difficulty in sleeping

2. Air Pollution 1. Effect on Environment: Leads to Global Warming – When the concentration of
green-house gases like Methane, Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen oxide,
Chlorofluorocarbons and water vapour increases – the temperature on the earth
increases – because these gases trap the earth’s heat and thus causes global
warming, which has adverse effects on the environment.
Effect of Global Warming:
a) It will lead to melting of glaciers which will form natural lakes between mounds of debris
and rocks that are left behind by the sliding glaciers. This will result in an imbalance in the
outflow of water.
b) Deltas will be threatened by flooding. Many coastal areas will be submerged in water.

2. Effect on Human Health:


(a) Short term effects:
(i) Causes irritation in eyes, nose and throat.
(ii) Respiratory infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia.
(iii) Headaches, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, convulsions and allergic reactions.

(b) Long term effects:


(i) Lung cancer
(ii) Chronic respiratory disease
(iii) Damage to the nerves, brain, live and kidneys

Example: Bhopal Gas tragedy: Worst Industrial accident – happened on 3rd December,
1984. – About 40 tons of toxic methyl Isocyanate (MIC) gas leaked in the atmosphere -
from Union Carbide’s Pesticide factory - in Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh. #,500 people were
killed, about 40,000 people were affected in an area of 100 sq.km.

[Date] 1
Hasmita Shah, B/203, Gokul Divine, Off S.V.Road, Irla, VIle Parle (West), Mumbai 400056. Mob:9699926941
STD IX - GEOGRAPHY

3. Water Pollution Effect on Environment – (i) The process of photosynthesis is obstructed.


(ii) Effect on marine animals and plants is seen in two ways –

(a) Eutrophication: It is the process of depletion of oxygen from water bodies occurring
either naturally or due to human activities.

(b)Biomagnification: Biomagnification means increasing the concentration of various


toxic substances along the food chain.

(c) Bio-accumulation - The phenomenon of concentrated toxic deposition at the higher


trophic level is known as bio-accumulation.

Effect on Human Health:


(i) Pathogens – Waste water contains pathogens (disease causing organisms like bacteria,
viruses & protozoa) – they enter human body from drinking contaminated water – cause
several water-borne diseases like – dysentry, diarrhoea, polio, typhoid, cholera, hepatitis &
jaundice.
(ii) Toxic compounds – (a) mercury – mercury dumped in water is transformed into water
soluble methyl mercury by the action of bacteria – methyl mercury accumulates in fish –
fish is consumed by people – results in numbness of body parts, vision and hearing
problems and abnormal mental behaviour
(iii) Oil spills in the seas and oceans contaminate the water and lead to the death of
marine organisms.
4. Soil Pollution 1. Effect on Environment:
(i) Industrial and chemical waste pollutes the underground water.
(ii) It makes the soil infertile and thus reduces the productivity of the soil.
2. Effect on Human Health:
a) Soil contains – pathogenic bacteria, viruses and intestinal worms – transmitted to man
by the consumption of fruits and vegetables – causes various types of diseases.

b) Human and animal excreta – is used as manure – it contains pathogens – which


contaminates the soil – and enter the vegetables and crops – and affect human health.
5. Radioactive 1. Effect on Environment:
Pollution a) Radiations emitting from radioactive wastes causes pollution and damage to the
environment.
b) High level products of nuclear wastes remain in the environment for several hundreds of
years
Effect on Human Health:
1. They cause serious irreversible illnesses. The damage caused by radiations is often seen
in the off-springs and may be transmitted to many generations.
2. Causes Somatic variations: Short term exposure to radiation can cause damage to the
organs of the body. The harm done by them includes - breast cancer, thyroid cancer, lung
cancer, brain cancer, sterility and defective eyesight.

[Date] 2
Hasmita Shah, B/203, Gokul Divine, Off S.V.Road, Irla, VIle Parle (West), Mumbai 400056. Mob:9699926941
STD IX - GEOGRAPHY

[Date] 3
Hasmita Shah, B/203, Gokul Divine, Off S.V.Road, Irla, VIle Parle (West), Mumbai 400056. Mob:9699926941

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