Chapter 1 – cell injury - EXAM Done By :

Enas Althaher

1- the fatty change abnormality:

a- reversible injury
b- irreversible injury
c- necrosis
d- apoptosis
2-Shrinkage and increased basophilia and fragmentation of nucleus this process
is called:
a- pyknosis
b- karyorrhexis
c- karyolysis
d- clumping
E- balloon degradation
3- Preservation cell outline occurs during:
a- liquefactive necrosis
b- Coagulative necrosis only
c- Apoptosis only
d- Coagulative & apoptosis
4-An injury to the skin causes vacuolated degeneration of the basal layer, which
of the following is wrong?
A. This injury seems mild
B. The morphological changes will not recover even if the injurious stimulus is
removed
C. The injury is caused due to Na/K pump failure
D. Myelin figures are noticed within the cytoplasm
E. These morphological changes are the first to occur after the injurious stimulus
is applied
5-During necrosis, which of the following changes occur to the cytoplasm?
A. Increased eosinophilia as eosin binds with natured cytoplasmic proteins
 Chapter 1 – cell injury - EXAM Done By :
Enas Althaher
B. Increased eosinophilia due to loss of ribonucleic acid (DNA) in the cytoplasm
C. Glassy homogeneous cytoplasm, mostly due to loss of lighter staining glucose
particles
D. Cytoplasm vacuolated & amp; (moth-eaten) due to enzymes
6-Cause of liquefactive necrosis? A. Fungal infections B. Tuberculosis C. Sever
hypertension D. Infraction
7-All of the following are correct except:
a. Focal bacterial………. Liquefactive necrosis
b. granuloma …………..Casous necrosis
c. immune reaction………...fibriniod necrosis
d. multiple tissue layers ……. coagulative necrosis
8-A 77-year-old woman has chronic renal failure. Her serum urea nitrogen is 40
mg/dL. She is given a diuretic medication and loses 2 kg (4.4 lb). She reduces the
protein in her diet and her serum urea nitrogen decreases to 30 mg/dL. Which
of the following terms best describes cellular responses to disease and
treatment in this woman?
A Adaptation
B Apoptosis
C Necroptosis
D Irreversible injury
E Metabolic derangement
9-A 53-year-old woman with no prior illnesses has a routine checkup by her
physician. On examination she has a blood pressure of 150/95 mm Hg. If her
hypertension remains untreated for years, which of the following cellular
alterations would most likely be seen in her myocardium?
A Apoptosis
B Dysplasia
C Fatty change
D Hemosiderosis
 Chapter 1 – cell injury - EXAM Done By :
Enas Althaher
E Hyperplasia
F Hypertrophy
G Metaplasia
10-A 22-year-old woman becomes pregnant. A fetal ultrasound examination at
13 weeks’ gestation shows her uterus measures 7 × 4 × 3 cm. At delivery of a
term infant, her uterus measures 34 × 18 × 12 cm. Which of the following
cellular processes has contributed most to the increase in her uterine size?
A Endometrial glandular hyperplasia
B Myometrial fibroblast proliferation
C Endometrial stromal hypertrophy
D Myometrial smooth muscle hypertrophy
E Vascular endothelial hyperplasia
11-A 20-year-old woman breastfeeds her infant. On examination, her breasts
are slightly increased in size. Milk can be expressed from both nipples. Which of
the following processes that occurred in her breasts during pregnancy enables
her to breastfeed the infant?
A Ductal metaplasia
B Epithelial dysplasia
C Intracellular lipid deposition
D Lobular hyperplasia
E Stromal hypertrophy
12-A 29-year-old man sustains a left femoral fracture in a motorcycle accident.
His leg is placed in a plaster cast. After his left leg has been immobilized for 6
weeks, the diameter of the left calf has decreased in size. This change in size is
most likely to result from which of the following alterations in his calf muscles?
A Aplasia
B Atrophy
C Dystrophy
 Chapter 1 – cell injury - EXAM Done By :
Enas Althaher
D Hyalinosis
E Hypoplasia
13-A 16-year-old boy sustained blunt trauma to his abdomen when he struck a
bridge abutment at high speed while driving a motor vehicle. Peritoneal lavage
shows a hemoperitoneum, and at laparotomy, a small portion of the left lobe of
the injured liver is removed. Two months later, a CT scan of the abdomen shows
that the liver has nearly regained its size before the injury. Which of the
following processes best explains this CT scan finding?
A Apoptosis
B Dysplasia
C Hyperplasia
D Hydropic change
E Steatosis
14-A 68-year-old woman suddenly lost consciousness and on awakening 1 hour
later, she could not speak or move her right arm. Two months later, a head CT
scan showed a large cystic area in the left parietal lobe. Which of the following
pathologic processes has most likely occurred in her brain?
A Apoptosis
B Coagulative necrosis
C Fat necrosis
D Karyolysis
E Liquefactive necrosis
15-On day 28 of her menstrual cycle, a 23-year-old woman experiences onset of
menstrual bleeding that lasts for 6 days. She has had regular cycles since
menarche. Which of the following processes most likely occurs in her
endometrial cells to initiate the onset of menstrual bleeding?
A Apoptosis
B Atrophy
C Caseous necrosis
 Chapter 1 – cell injury - EXAM Done By :
Enas Althaher
D Heterophagocytosis
E Liquefactive necrosis
16-An experiment introduces a knockout gene mutation into a cell line. The
frequency of shrunken cells with chromatin clumping, karyorrhexis, and
cytoplasmic blebbing is increased compared with a cell line without the
mutation. Overall survival of the mutant cell line is reduced. Which of the
following genes is most likely to be affected by this mutation?
A BAX
B BCL2
C-MYC
D FAS
E p53
17-A 47-year-old man has a lung carcinoma with metastases. He receives
chemotherapy. A month later, histologic examination of a metastatic lesion
shows many foci in which individual tumor cells appear shrunken and deeply
eosinophilic. Their nuclei exhibit condensed aggregates of chromatin under the
nuclear membrane. The pathologic process affecting these shrunken tumor cells
is most likely triggered by release of which of the following substances into the
cytosol?
A BCL2
B Catalase
C Cytochrome c
D Lipofuscin
E Phospholipase
18-A 69-year-old woman has had transient ischemic attacks for the past 3
months. On physical examination, she has an audible bruit on auscultation of
the neck. A right carotid endarterectomy is performed. The curetted
atheromatous plaque has a grossly yellow-tan, firm appearance.
Microscopically, which of the following materials can be found in abundance in
 Chapter 1 – cell injury - EXAM Done By :
Enas Althaher
the form of crystals within cleftlike spaces?
A Cholesterol
B Glycogen
C Hemosiderin
D Immunoglobulin
E Lipofuscin
19-At autopsy, the heart of a 63-year-old man weighs only 250 g (normal 330 g)
and has small right and left ventricles. The myocardium is firm, with a dark
chocolate-brown color throughout. The coronary arteries show minimal
atherosclerotic changes. An excessive amount of which of the following
substances, shown in the figure, would most likely be found in the myocardial
fibers of this heart?
A Bilirubin
B Glycogen
C Hemosiderin
D Lipofuscin
E Melanin
20-A study of aging shows that senescent cells have accumulated damage from
toxic byproducts of metabolism. There is increased intracellular lipofuscin
deposition. Prolonged ingestion of which of the following substances is most
likely to counteract this aging mechanism?
A Antioxidants
B Analgesics
C Antimicrobials
D Antineoplastic agents
E Glucocorticoids

21- Autophagy?
 Answers

A 11 D
1
B 12 B
Z
C
13
3 D
14 E
4 B
15 B
5 D
16 B
G A
17 C
7 D
18 A
8 A
19 D
9 F
20 A
10 D
 ‫‪Chapter 1 – cell injury - EXAM‬‬ ‫‪Done By :‬‬
‫‪Enas Althaher‬‬

‫َ‬
‫سائر يومكم عن الدعاء إلخوانكم‪ ،‬فإن‬ ‫ال تغفلوا‬
‫ّ ّ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬
‫ف هذا الميدان‪.‬‬
‫هللا سائلكم عما قدمتم ي‬